Multiple and spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable α-MoO3 trilayers

The emergence of a topological transition of the polaritonic dispersion in twisted bilayers of anisotropic van der Waals materials at a given twist angle-the photonic magic angle-results in the diffractionless propagation of polaritons with deep-subwavelength resolution. This type of propagation, generally referred to as canalization, holds promise for the control of light at the nanoscale. However, the existence of a single photonic magic angle hinders such control since the canalization direction in twisted bilayers is unique and fixed for each incident frequency. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating multiple spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable twisted α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) trilayers. We show that canalization of polaritons can be programmed at will along any desired in-plane direction in a single device with broad spectral ranges. These findings open the door for nanophotonics applications where on-demand control is crucial, such as thermal management, nanoimaging or entanglement of quantum emitters.A.I.F.T.-M. and G.Á.-P. acknowledge support from the Severo Ochoa program of the Government of the Principality of Asturias (nos. PA-21-PF-BP20-117 and PA-20-PF-BP19-053, respectively). J.M.-S. acknowledges financial support from the Ramón y Cajal Program of the Government of Spain and FSE (RYC2018-026196-I) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation grant no. PID2019-110308GA-I00). P.A.-G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under starting grant no. 715496, 2DNANOPTICA and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation grant no. PID2019-111156GB-I00). A.Y.N. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-115221GB-C42) and the Basque Department of Education (grant PIBA-2020-1-0014). This project has also been supported by Asturias FICYT under grant AYUD/2021/51185 with the support of FEDER funds. These results also received support from a fellowship from ‘la Caixa’ Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/DI21/11860026. In addition, this work was supported by a 2022 Leonardo Grant for Researchers in Physics, BBVA Foundation.Peer reviewe

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Tratamiento de defectos óseos metafisarios en hueso osteoporótico mediante implantes de vidrio mesoporoso enriquecidos con células mesenquimales y osteoestatina

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 08-03-2023El objetivo de la regeneración ósea es aportar al hueso las características necesarias para que realice una de sus funciones básicas: el soporte mecánico. El uso de biomateriales cargados con moléculas biológicamente activas, células mesenquimales e iones, representa una gran alternativa para mejorar la regeneración ósea. Hay ocasiones en las que la capacidad regenerativa es insuficiente y se quiere un aporte extra para lograr dicho objetivo, más aun si se presente en un hueso frágil como es el hueso osteoporótico. Con mayor frecuencia estos casos se dan en grandes defectos óseos postraumáticos, procesos infecciosos y tumorales. Durante los últimos años nuestro grupo de investigación ha desarrollado vidrios mesoporosos bioactivos (76%SiO2-15%CaO-5%P2O5-4%ZnO), biocerámicas más avanzadas con dos características diferenciales: capacidad de generar la respuesta in vitro más rápida descrita por un biomaterial y presentar un alto volumen de poros que permite albergar un mayor número de moléculas osteogénicas. Se ha demostrado el gran potencial osteoinductor de la osteostatina (PTHrp 107-111) cuando se añade sobre una biocerámica, con ventajas sobre las BMPs. Posteriormente hemos realizado un estudio en modelo animal en miembro superior, utilizando un nuevo biomaterial que incluyera tanto el vidrio mesoporoso, como la osteostatina y las células mesenquimales. Una vez demostrado el efecto positivo de osteostatina en un hueso fisiológicamente sano, decidimos analizar el comportamiento de este biomaterial en situaciones de mayor debilidad como es en el caso de la osteoporosis y en hueso de carga, con el objetivo de desarrollar un equivalente tisular que pueda llegar a utilizarse en la práctica clínica habitual...Main objective of bone regeneration is to provide bone one basic function: mechanical support. The use of biomaterials loaded with biologically active molecules, mesenchymal stem cells and ions, is a great alternative to improve bone regeneration. When regeneration is insufficient or extra contribution is required to achieve bone healing, biomaterials could play an important role, even more if we treat a fragile bone such as osteoporosis disease. These cases are more frequent in large post-traumatic bone defects, infections and oncology processes.Recently, we developed a bioactive mesoporous glass (76%SiO2-15%CaO-5%P2O5-4%ZnO), which is an advanced bioceramic associating two important characteristics: achieving the fastest in vitro response described by a biomaterial, as well as a high volume of pores that allows a larger number of osteogenic molecules to be included. Initial studies showed a greater osteoinductive potential of osteostatin (PTHrp 107-111) when supplemented into a bioceramic, with advantages compared to BMPs. Subsequently, we carried out a previous project in an animal model in the upper limb, using a new biomaterial that included mesoporous glass, osteostatin and mesenchymal stem cells. Once we proved the positive effect of osteostatin on physiologically healthy bone, we decided to analyze the behavior of this biomaterial in a greater weakness bone, and loading weight-bearing, with the aim of developing an equivalent support that could be used in clinical practice...Fac. de MedicinaTRUEunpu

Arthroscopic Circumferential Release for Stiff Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Stiffness is a well-known complication after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Although multiple factors may be involved, the main cause for stiffness is rarely identified. Imaging studies frequently are inconclusive in ruling out mechanical or biological causes. Periprosthetic infection should be always suspected, but the absence of major clinical signs and accurate diagnostic tests is frequent. A lack of objective criteria establishing a diagnosis and when to proceed with revision surgery is often present in such cases. Moreover, additional surgical procedures should be carefully evaluated, as they can represent a point of no return. Shoulder arthroscopy plays an increasingly important role in these cases, either as a diagnostic or therapeutic tool. There are no reports about arthroscopy on stiffness after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. In this Technical Note, we describe an arthroscopic technique aimed to identify potential causes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty stiffness. Subsequent circumferential release is described and discussed

Denosumab treatment for giant-cell tumor of bone: a systematic review of the literature

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically inhibits tumor-associated bone lysis through the RANKL pathway and has been used as neoadjuvant therapy for giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in surgical as well as non-surgical cases. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature, therefore, is to investigate: (1) demographic characteristics of patients affected by GCTBs treated with denosumab and the clinical impact, as well as, possible complications associated with its use (2) oncological outcomes in terms of local recurrence rate (LRR) and development of lung metastasis, and (3) characteristics of its treatment effect in terms of clinical, radiological, and histological response.A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and COCHRANE search including the following terms and Boolean operators: “Denosumab” AND “primary bone tumor”, “denosumab” AND “giant cell tumor”, “denosumab” AND “treatment”, and finally, “denosumab” AND “giant cell tumor” AND “treatment” since 2000. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 19 articles were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using STROBE for the assessment of observational studies.A total of 1095 patients were included across all 19 studies. Across all the studies included, there were 615 females and 480 males. The mean patient age was 33.7 ± 8.3 years when starting the denosumab treatment. The pooled weighted local recurrence rate was 9% (95% CI 6–12%) and the pooled weighted metastases rate was 3% (95% CI 1–7%). The most common adverse event was fatigue and muscular pain. Radiologic response was estimated to occur in 66–100% of the patients. A significant reduction in pain under denosumab treatment was reported in seven studies and additional improvement in function and mobility was reported by several authors. Only two studies reported musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) scores which were better after denosumab treatment.The use of denosumab as an adjuvant treatment of GCTB has shown a positive but variable histological response with consistent radiological changes and several types of adverse effects. There is a positive clinical response in terms of pain relief with decrease on the morbidity of surgical procedures to be performed. Finally, oncological outcomes are disparate with neither effect on metastatic disease nor local recurrence rates.IV

Osteogenic Potential of a Biomaterial Enriched with Osteostatin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporotic Rabbits

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) of the SiO2–CaO–P2O5 system are biocompatible materials with a quick and effective in vitro and in vivo bioactive response. MBGs can be enhanced by including therapeutically active ions in their composition, by hosting osteogenic molecules within their mesopores, or by decorating their surfaces with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In previous studies, our group showed that MBGs, ZnO-enriched and loaded with the osteogenic peptide osteostatin (OST), and MSCs exhibited osteogenic features under in vitro conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone repair capability after large bone defect treatment in distal femur osteoporotic rabbits using MBGs (76%SiO2–15%CaO–5%P2O5–4%ZnO (mol-%)) before and after loading with OST and MSCs from a donor rabbit. MSCs presence and/or OST in scaffolds significantly improved bone repair capacity at 6 and 12 weeks, as confirmed by variations observed in trabecular and cortical bone parameters obtained by micro-CT as well as histological analysis results. A greater effect was observed when OST and MSCs were combined. These findings may indicate the great potential for treating critical bone defects by combining MBGs with MSCs and osteogenic peptides such as OST, with good prospects for translation to clinical practice

Osteogenic potential of a biomaterial enriched with osteostatin and mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rabbits

2024 Descuento MDPIMesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) of the SiO2–CaO–P2O5 system are biocompatible materials with a quick and effective in vitro and in vivo bioactive response. MBGs can be enhanced by including therapeutically active ions in their composition, by hosting osteogenic molecules within their mesopores, or by decorating their surfaces with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In previous studies, our group showed that MBGs, ZnO-enriched and loaded with the osteogenic peptide osteostatin (OST), and MSCs exhibited osteogenic features under in vitro conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone repair capability after large bone defect treatment in distal femur osteoporotic rabbits using MBGs (76%SiO2–15%CaO–5%P2O5–4%ZnO (mol-%)) before and after loading with OST and MSCs from a donor rabbit. MSCs presence and/or OST in scaffolds significantly improved bone repair capacity at 6 and 12 weeks, as confirmed by variations observed in trabecular and cortical bone parameters obtained by micro-CT as well as histological analysis results. A greater effect was observed when OST and MSCs were combined. These findings may indicate the great potential for treating critical bone defects by combining MBGs with MSCs and osteogenic peptides such as OST, with good prospects for translation to clinical practice.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Depto. de Química en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpubDescuento UC

Does preoperative glenoid bony defect determine final coracoid graft positioning in arthroscopic Latarjet?

Background: It has been demonstrated that the accurate positioning of the graft is key to restoring shoulder stability and preventing future arthrosis development. Preoperative anteroinferior glenoid bone loss is frequently encountered when performing a Latarjet, and it has not been determined yet if the amount of bony defect can influence graft positioning. The aim of the study was to determine if a preoperative glenoid bony defect has an influence on the final coracoid graft position in the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure were included, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. There were 51 men (92.7%). Mean age was 29.1 (SD 7.63). Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Rowe, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores were fulfilled. All measurements were performed by a musculoskeletal radiologist based on a multiplanar bidimensional CT scan. Dimensions of the glenoid, glenoid defect, and glenoid track were calculated. Position of the graft was evaluated in the axial (distance to glenoid surface, angulation of the graft and screws) and sagittal planes (percentage of the coracoid graft below the equator) as described by Kany et al and Barth et al respectively. Results: There was a glenoid defect in 41 patients (74.5 %). Mean width of the defect was 4.32 mm (SD 3.08) which represented 15.3% of the native glenoid surface (SD 10.8). 78.2% of the patients were offtrack preoperatively, and 11.9% remained offtrack postoperatively. The final glenoid diameter with the graft was 32.1 mm (SD 4.34). Mean distance from the graft to the glenoid at 50% height was 1.1 mm (SD 2.19 mm) and at 25% height was 1.31 mm (SD 2.05). Mean angulation of the superior and inferior screws were 26.9° (SD 8.2°) and 27.1° (SD 7.35°), respectively. In 81.8% of the cases, the graft was deemed to be flush with the glenoid. The percentage of the coracoid graft under the equator of the glenoid was 71.2 % (SD 21.8). There was not a statistically significant difference in screw angulation or graft positioning in the axial plane when comparing patients who had a glenoid defect with those who did not, or depending on the size (P > .05). Percentage of graft below the equator was, however, lower in patients without bony defect (P = .04). Conclusion: This study showed that accurate position of the coracoid graft is achieved in the presence of a glenoid bony defect. In the cases of intact glenoid, the height of the graft should be carefully evaluated