Hepatic Lipidosis in Banded Armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) Bred in Captivity

Background: Wild animals bred in captivity may develop steatosis due to unbalanced dietary intake and obesity caused by sedentary behaviour. In some rural areas, six-banded armadillos are raised in captivity inside some metal barrels, with restricted space, and are often overfeed. After getting fattening, armadillos they are slaughtered and used as food. Theunfavorable conditions may somehow contribute to likely underlie the development of many diseases, among them we can including hepatic steatosis. The present report aims to describe the pathological fndings of hepatic lipidosis in banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), bred in captivity.Case: The animals were three female adult six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), caught in the native forest of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil and raised in domestic environment in a small enclosure and fed with human food leftovers. After eight months kept in these conditions armadillos had severe obesity and then were donated to the city zoo, where they were quarantined and presented clinical symptoms of anorexia for two weeks, weight loss and exhaustion. After being found dead during daily inspection carried out by the veterinarian zoo, the six-banded armadillos were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for pathological examination.The animals presented with a history of anorexia were extremely obese and the autopsy detected had extensive deposits of fat in the carcass and liver. Histopathologically, the liver cells hepatocytes showed marked intracytoplasmic vacuolization and with peripheral displacement of the nucleus to the periphery, with and positive staining for lipids using scarlet Sudan III. To our knowledge, this is the frst report of hepatic lipidosis in banded.Discussion: Hepatic lipidosis can be categorized into normal liver and mild, moderate, or severe fatty liver. In severe cases, it is estimated that 80% of the hepatocytes are affected. Therefore, we classifed the hepatic lipidosis of the three studied female six-banded armadillos as severe, since the lipids were deposited diffusely. Based on the severity of the lesions and absence of other fndings, we concluded here that hepatic lipidosis contributed to the cause of the six-banded armadil los death. The weight of the animals in this report may be associated with innapropriate enclosure dimensions and a diet based on human food leftovers. Such diet was reportedly composed of rice, beens, spaghetti, and bread, which are food with high levels of carbohydrate. The armadillos of the Euphractus sexcinctus species usually weigh between 3 and 6 kg and hence, the animals of this report showed twice the normal weight. The occurrence of hepatic lipidosis associated with anorexia triggered by a stressful event such as a change of environment and diet armadillos observed in the present study is in agreement with literature data pointing anorexia in obese animals as a major predisposing factors for the occurrence of hepatic lipidosis by promoting energy restriction, peripheral lipolysis and large intake of fatty acids to the liver.Keywords: Euphractus sexcinctus, armadillos, anatomopathology, liver, lipidosis

VARIEDADES DE FEIJÃO-FAVA SUBMETIDAS À NÍVEIS DE SALINIDADE E ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA

O feijão-fava é uma leguminosa bastante cultivada na Região Nordeste. Entretanto, às condições edafoclimáticas, altas temperaturas e baixa pluviosidade, ocasionam salinização das águas e interferem no desenvolvimento de diversas espécies. Há tolerância salina entre variedades de uma mesma espécie e uso de insumos orgânicos atenuam o estresse salino. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar variedades de feijão-fava submetidas a níveis de salinidade e adubação orgânica. Sendo conduzido em ambiente protegido nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Pombal. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x4x5 referente a três variedades de fava (V1: lavandeira; V2: raio-de-sol e V3: rajada), quatro volumes de esterco bovino (A1: 0% - sem adubação; A2: 8%; A3: 16% e A4: 24%), aplicados em função do volume de solo do recipiente e cinco níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação (S1= 0,3 dSm-1; S2= 1,0 dSm-1; S3= 1,7 dSm-1; S4= 2,4 dSm-1 e S5= 3,1 dSm-1). A variedade Raio de Sol possui maior crescimento em relação às demais, entretanto a cultivar Rajada apresentou maior aclimatização às condições salinas principalmente com uso do esterco bovino na concentração de 24%. O esterco bovino atenua o efeito nocivo da salinidade, entretanto doses excessivas em altas salinidades podem ser prejudiciais ao feijoeiro-fava

Aliança das Águas: Uma iniciativa para conhecer o papel do Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras no fornecimento de água para municípios do sul da Bahia

Este trabalho descreve as ações e resultados obtidos pelo Projeto Aliança das Águas, iniciativa que envolveu diferentes instituições com o objetivo de conhecer a contribuição do Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras -PNSL, criado em 2010, no fornecimento local de água, assim como a percepção dos moradores da região sobre os recursos hídricos, usos da terra e problemas ambientais relacionados à manutenção das águas. Além disso, o projeto buscou contribuir com a consolidação da Unidade de Conservação através da sensibilização ambiental e da oportunidade de maior aproximação entre o órgão gestor do parque e a sociedade local, através de oficinas e reuniões em que foram aplicadas metodologias participativas, como a elaboração de mapas mentais para subsidiar um diagnóstico sócio ambiental. Além da coleta e análise de dados relacionados à vazão e qualidade da água, foi produzido um mapa de uso do solo da UC e entorno, 1.200 folders de divulgação, e realizadas nove reuniões com a participação de 292 pessoas e a produção de 10 mapas mentais com informações sobre os recursos hídricos e problemas ambientais. As análises revelaram sempre águas extremamente límpidas, e em volume suficiente para atender os diversos usos da sociedade local, com vazão mínima de 972 l/s, ou seja, no mínimo 84 milhões de litros de água por dia, em uma estimativa conservadora. Os parâmetros físico-químicos obtidos são característicos de rios presentes em bacias hidrográficas bem preservadas, demonstrando a importância da manutenção dos fragmentos florestais, considerando sua representatividade na análise de cobertura vegetal que apontou a presença de pelo menos 48% da área do parque ocupada por florestas primárias. Os mapas mentais indicam que as áreas de preservação permanente estão frequentemente ocupadas por cabrucas, e o uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos foi identificado como o principal problema ambiental citado durante as oficinas. O projeto levantou uma enorme quantidade de informação sobre o PNSL e seu entorno. Além de gerar produtos importantes para o planejamento, monitoramento e proteção da UC, a partir dos dados apresentados abrem-se diversas possibilidades para realização de outros projetos na UC

EFETIVIDADE DA SIMULAÇÃO VIRTUAL NO ENSINO DE ENFERMAGEM PARA APRENDER O RACIOCÍNIO CLÍNICO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introdução: Nas duas últimas décadas, os meios de ensino vêm mudando na área da saúde, no qual o ensino tradicional já não é capaz de suprir as necessidades atuais. Assim, a simulação virtual passou a ter um papel fundamental na educação superior de enfermagem, sendo um meio ativo de aprendizado. Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica a efetividade da simulação virtual no ensino de enfermagem. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: 10 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, a maior parte com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, publicados no ano de 2021, todos estavam na língua inglesa, houve predomínio de estudos realizados na Coreia do Sul e Estados Unidos, sendo a maioria estudos transversais em que todos os estudos recomendavam (grau de recomendação “A”) o uso da simulação virtual para o ensino de enfermagem. Conclusão: A simulação virtual no ensino de enfermagem tem potencial para melhorar a retenção do conhecimento e o raciocínio clínico numa fase inicial e ao longo do tempo, e aumenta a satisfação com a experiência de aprendizagem entre os estudantes de enfermagem.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue