Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Eriosema

Key to the species of Eriosema in savannas of northern South America 1 Leaves unifoliolate.............................................................................................................................................................................2 - Leaves usually trifoliolate, but sometimes the basal ones unifoliolate..............................................................................................3 2 Prostrate subshrub, stipules connate......................................................................................................................... E. simplicifolium - Erect subshrub, stipules free............................................................................................................................................ E. obovatum 3 Stipules free and ovate.......................................................................................................................................... E. rufum var. rufum - Stipules connate and lanceolate to broadly lanceolate.......................................................................................................................4 4 Stems yellow or rufous hirsute pilose................................................................................................................................................5 - Stems densely whitish pubescent.......................................................................................................................................................7 5 Inflorescences spiciform, usually equal to or longer than mature leaves, multiflorous (10–20 flowers)....................... E. violaceum - Inflorescences in racemes, usually shorter than mature leaves, pauciflorous (2–5 flowers).............................................................6 6 Stipules 3–7 mm long, leaflets (including terminal and lateral) usually 5 times longer than wide (1–3.5 x 0.25–0.5 cm)........................................................................................................................................................................................................ E. parvifolium - Stipules 7–17 mm long, leaflets usually 6 to 12 times longer than wide (5–12 x 0.5–1.2 cm).................... E. crinitum var. crinitum 7 Leaflets elliptic, racemes with 5–15 flowers......................................................................................................................................8 - Leaflets lanceolate, linear or narrowly elliptic, racemes with 2–5 flowers................................................. E. crinitum var. stipulare 8 Inflorescences usually equal to or longer than mature leaves when fully expanded..................................................... E. pulchellum - Inflorescences usually shorter than mature leaves when fully expanded.......................................................................... E. diffusumPublished as part of Campos, Renan Pavan, Cândido, Elisa Silva, Zeferino, Laís Couto & Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, 2023, A New Species of Eriosema (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) from the savannas of northern South America, pp. 293-300 in Phytotaxa 612 (3) on pages 296-297, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/832362

Eriosema (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) no Sudeste do Brasil

Eriosema, comprising about 150 species, has a pantropical distribution, with two main centres of diversity, one in Africa and the other in the Americas. Currently 38 species are recorded for the Neotropics, of which 30 occur in Brazil. This work consists of the taxonomic treatment of the species of Eriosema in Southeastern Brazil. In this study, 26 taxa were recorded: Eriosema benthamianum, E. campestre var. campestre, E.campestre var. macrophyllum, E.congestum, E.crinitum, E. defoliatum, E. floribundum, E.glabrum, E. glaziovii, E.hatschbachii, E.heterophyllum, E.longiflorum, E.longifolium, E. obovatum, E.platycarpon, E.prorepens, E. pycnanthum, E.riedelii, E.rigidum, E.rufum var. macrostachyum, E.rufum var. rufum, E.simplicifolium, E.stenophyllum, E.strictum, E. tacuaremboense and E. tozziae. A new occurrence is cited for southeastern Brazil, E. tacuaremboense, besides the discovery of two new species, E. hatschbachii and E. tozziae.Eriosema, compreendendo 150 espécies, possui distribuição pantropical, e apresenta dois principais centros de diversidade, um na África e outro nas Américas. Atualmente 38 espécies são registradas para a região Neotropical, das quais 30 encontram-se no Brasil. O presente trabalho consiste no tratamento taxonômico das espécies de Eriosema na região Sudeste do Brasil onde foram registrados 26táxons: Eriosema benthamianum, E. campestre var. campestre, E. campestre var. macrophyllum, E. congestum, E. crinitum, E.defoliatum, E. floribundum, E.glabrum, E. glaziovii, E.hatschbachii, E.heterophyllum, E. longiflorum, E. longifolium, E. obovatum, E.platycarpon, E.prorepens, E.pycnanthum, E.riedelii, E.rigidum, E.rufum var. macrostachyum, E. rufum var. rufum, E. simplicifolium, E. stenophyllum, E. strictum, E. tacuaremboense. e E. tozziae. Uma nova ocorrência é apresentada para o Sudeste, E. tacuaremboense, além da descoberta de duas espécies novas, E. hatschbachii e E. tozziae.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

A new species of eriosema (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with a Secretory Structure Novel to the Genus

Eriosema grearii, a new species for the genus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae, Cajaninae), is described and illustrated. Similar to E. heterophyllum, it differs from it morphologically by the free (vs. joined) stipules, lax flowers distributed along the inflorescence axis (vs. congested and concentrated at its apex), inflorescences not opposite to the leaves (vs. opposite), and leaflets with secretory cells at the base of trichomes (vs. absence of secretory cells at the base of trichomes). A survey of the leaflet secretory structures revealed that E. grearii has distinct secretory structures, referred here as secretory-base trichomes, and reported for the first time for the Phaseoleae tribe. An identification key for the Eriosema species in Mato Grosso do Sul, where the new species occurs, is provided.2632122CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP457911/2013-1Sem informação2015/13386-

Eriosema (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) no Sudeste do Brasil

Eriosema, compreendendo 150 espécies, possui distribuição pantropical, e apresenta dois principais centros de diversidade, um na África e outro nas Américas. Atualmente 38 espécies são registradas para a região Neotropical, das quais 30 encontram-se no Brasil. O presente trabalho consiste no tratamento taxonômico das espécies de Eriosema na região Sudeste do Brasil onde foram registrados 26 táxons: Eriosema benthamianum, E. campestre var. campestre, E.campestre var. macrophyllum, E.congestum, E.crinitum, E.defoliatum, E. floribundum, E.glabrum, E. glaziovii, E.hatschbachii, E.heterophyllum, E.longiflorum, E.longifolium, E.obovatum, E.platycarpon, E.prorepens, E.pycnanthum, E.riedelii, E.rigidum, E.rufum var. macrostachyum, E.rufum var. rufum, E.simplicifolium, E.stenophyllum, E.strictum, E.tacuaremboense. e E. tozziae. Uma nova ocorrência é apresentada para o Sudeste, E. tacuaremboense, além da descoberta de duas espécies novas, E. hatschbachii e E. tozziae

Phanerogamic flora and vegetation of Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract Located in the municipalities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) of Minas Gerais, the Itacolomi State Park (ISP) shelters more than 7,000 ha of remnants of Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres. The QF region has high biodiversity and is being highly impacted, mainly by mining activities. Aiming to organize the available floristic information and to support related research, this study presents the list of phanerogamic species of the ISP and the major vegetation types. This survey was carried out from October/1992 to July/2006, by monthly field trips. Besides authors´ personal collections, other records were assembled from herbarium databank. A total of 1623 taxons belonging to 122 families were listed. The families with higher species richness were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae. The vegetation is represented by campos rupestres (51% of the total area), followed by montane forests (40%) and anthropogenic disturbed areas (9%). The greatest species richness occurs in campos rupestres. Several species are threatened and/or endemic. The knowledge of phanerogamic flora of ISP can help the Management Plan of this Unit of Conservation. It is also a contribution for future-related studies of the flora of ISP, Minas Gerais and Brazil

A new species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Notes on Leaf Anatomy.

A new species of Chamaecrista was found in the Serra do Espinhaço region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during an expedition to study the taxonomy of this genus. Chamaecrista sempreviva Fort.-Perez & L.C. Zeferino sp. nov. is herein described, illustrated, and assigned to Chamaecrista sect. Absus. Comments about the ecology, distribution, preliminary conservation status as well as its morphological relationships and flowering and fruiting season of the new species, are provided. Additionally, a secretory structure survey of the leaflets of the new species and its related congeners is presented. All species studied share the presence of secretory and mucilaginous idioblasts in their leaflets, but the position of these cells types serves to differentiate them

Expression of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 proteins in endometrial polyps of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen.

This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 proteins in endometrial polyps of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen (TAM). Postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps treated with TAM (n = 20), postmenopausal women with endometrial polyps without hormone use (n = 20), postmenopausal women with atrophic endometrium (n = 20), and postmenopausal women with endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 20) were prospectively investigated. Tissue samples were immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal antibodies for p53, Ki-67, and CD31. The data were analyzed using the Student t test, analysis of variance, and χ2 to evaluate significant differences between the groups. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. There was no difference in the expression of p53 between the groups (P = 0.067). The expression of Ki-67 was higher in the polyp samples from TAM-treated women compared with those from the women using no hormone (P = 0.0047) and those from the women with atrophic endometrium (P = 0.008). Samples from the women with endometrial cancer was associated with higher Ki-67 expression compared with the polyp samples from TAM-treated women (P = 0.004). The expression of CD31 was higher in the polyp samples of TAM-treated women compared with that of the samples from the women with atrophic endometrium (P < 0.001) and similar to the polyp samples from the women using no hormone (P = 0.319) and to the samples from the women with endometrial cancer (P = 0.418). The use of TAM in postmenopausal women might be associated with increased cellular proliferation in endometrial polyps without interfering angiogenesis or inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins