Does Eating a Meal before Testing Alter the Percent Body Fat Measurement Determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis?

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Does a Physical Education Bout Alter Percent Body Fat and the Adiposity Health Risk Classification When Using Leg-to-leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Girls?

Purpose: The purposes of this investigation were to determine: 1) whether a structured in-school physical education exercise bout altered percent body fat (%BF) determined by leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA); and 2) whether the potential exercise-induced %BF magnitude of change altered the health risk classification of the child. Methods: Seventy-six girls (age: 12.2 ± 1.0 yr; height: 153.9 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 51.9 ± 15.5 kg; BMI: 21.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2) participated in this investigation. LBIA measured %BF values were obtained immediately before and within five minutes after completing a structured, in-school, physical education class. Results: Significant reductions (p \u3c 0.0001) in mean %BF (25.0 ± 10.2 vs. 24.4 ± 10.3 %) were observed for the group following the physical education class. For the majority of the girls (88%), the %BF alteration was less than ± 2.0 %BF. More specifically, the %BF magnitude of change was ± 1.0 %BF in 64.5% of the girls, between 1.1 and 2.0 %BF in 23.7% of the girls, and by more than 2.0 %BF in 11.8% of the girls. Regardless of the %BF magnitude of change, all girls remained in the same adiposity classification category (healthy vs. unhealthy body fat) following exercise. Conclusion: Adhering to the pre-test exercise guideline appears unnecessary when using LBIA to categorize the health risk of an adolescent girl

The Relationship between Aerobic Capacity and Bone Health in Young Women

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(1): 56-63, 2016. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and bone health in young women. Eighty-three participants (age=21.0±2.2 years; BMI=22.4±3.0 kg/m2) reported for testing on two occasions separated by 48 hours. During visit 1 body composition assessment via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and during visit 2, a VO2max test performed on a motorized treadmill. Weak correlations were found between absolute VO2max (L/min) and whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD: r=0.24, p=0.031) and whole-body bone mineral content (WB-BMC: r=0.37, p\u3c0.001). No relation between variables were observed when VO2max was expressed relative to body mass (mL/kg/min). Moderate correlations were observed between bone variables and body mass (WB-BMD: r=0.36, p\u3c0.001; WB-BMC: r=0.62, p\u3c0.001), fat-free mass (WB-BMD: r=0.45, p\u3c0.001; WB-BMC: r=0.54, p\u3c0.001), and fat mass (WB-BMD: r=0.31, p=0.004; WB-BMC: r=0.60, p\u3c0.001). Body mass, regardless of composition, was a stronger predictor of bone health than aerobic capacity in this sample of young women

Evaluation of Hand-to-Hand Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimating Percent Body Fat in Young Adults

Purposes were to (a) to examine the validity and precision of a hand-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analyzer (HBIA) and (b) to determine the effect of an acute sub-maximal aerobic exercise bout on HBIA percent body fat (%BF) measures. Forty-one young adults (21 women; 20 men) visited the laboratory for body composition assessment on two separate occasions. During the control session, %BF was assessed by HBIA twice, before and immediately after 30 min of rest, and once by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), using the BOD POD, which was considered the criterion method for comparison. During the exercise session, HBIA %BF measurements were determined prior-to and immediately after 30 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. HBIA significantly underestimated %BF in the total sample (mean difference (MD) = 1.4 ± 4.3%) and, when examined by gender, in the women (MD = 2.4 ± 4.1%). The standard errors of estimate (range 4.1-4.3%) also exceeded the recommended range for accuracy (\u3c3.5%). Following exercise, there was minimal, but statistically significant reduction in HBIA-measured %BF pre- to post-exercise for the total sample (19.6 ± 6.0 vs. 19.3 ± 6.0%; p = 0.011). HBIA underestimated %BF when compared to ADP and the individual prediction error exceeded current recommendations when assessing young adults. In addition, performing sub-maximal aerobic exercise prior to the assessment decreased the %BF estimate. When one factors the exercise-induced alterations with the currently observed tendency for HBIA to underestimate %BF, it is apparent that exercise may further reduce the accuracy of this method

The impact of body composition on energy expenditure during walking and running in young adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of body composition on energy expenditure (EE) of 164 young adults during a 1-mile walk and a 1-mile run on a treadmill. Segmental bioimpedance was used to measure body composition variables. The EE in men (108.3 ± 17.6 kcal) was greater than (P \u3c 0.05) women (80.3 ± 10.6 kcal) during the 1-mile walk, and the difference increased in magnitude during the 1-mile run (144.9 ± 23.2 kcal vs. 105.1 ± 14.9 kcal, respectively). When EE was expressed per unit of body mass, men and women were similar. However, women had a higher EE per unit of fat-free mass (FFM). Regardless of gender, running 1-mile resulted in a greater EE than walking 1-mile. In addition, men expended more absolute calories than women due to a higher body mass. When EE was examined relative to FFM, women were found to be less economical than men, which was most likely due to carrying larger amounts of inactive adipose tissue

Session, Segmented Session, and Acute RPE and Affective Responses to Self-selected Treadmill Exercise

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Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe