Chromium(0) and Molydenum(0) Complexes with a Pyridyl-Mesoionic Carbene Ligand: Structural, (Spectro)electrochemical, Photochemical, and Theoretical Investigations

This work reports on the synthesis and in-depth electrochemical and photochemical characterization of two chromium(0) and molydenum(0) metal complexes with bidentate pyridyl-mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands of the 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene type and carbonyl coligands. Metal complexes with MIC ligands have turned out to have very promising electrocatalytic and photochemical properties, but examples of MIC-containing complexes with early-transition-metal centers remain extremely rare. The electrochemistry of these new MIC complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and especially spectroelectrochemistry in the IR region consistent with a mainly metal-centered oxidation, which is fully reversible in the case of the chromium(0) complex. At the same time, the two reduction steps are predominantly ligand-centered according to the observed near-IR absorbance, with the first reduction step being reversible for both systems. The results of the electron paramagnetic resonance studies on the oxidized and reduced species confirm the IR spectroelectrochemistry experiments. The photochemical reactivity of the complexes with a series of organic ligands was investigated by time-resolved (step-scan) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the photoreactions in pyridine and acetonitrile are fully reversible with a slow dark reverse reaction back to the educt species over minutes and even hours, depending on the metal center and reagent. This reversible behavior is in contrast to the expected loss of one or several CO ligands known from related homoleptic as well as heteroleptic M(CO)4L2 α-diimine transition-metal complexes.Fil: Bens, Tobias. Universitat Stuttgart; AlemaniaFil: Boden, Pit. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Di Martino-Fumo, Patrick. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Beerhues, Julia. Universitat Stuttgart; AlemaniaFil: Albold, Uta. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Sobottka, Sebastian. Universitat Stuttgart; AlemaniaFil: Neuman, Nicolás Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Gerhards, Markus. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Sarkar, Biprajit. Universitat Stuttgart; Alemani

Selected results of the hypersonic flight experiment STORT

The three-stage rocket configuration of the hypersonic experiment STORT with several scientific payloads concerning hypersonic technologies was launched successfully from the Andøya Space launch site in northern Norway on 26th June 2022. The third stage performed a suppressed trajectory to increase integral heat load on the payload structures. The vehicle traveled at speeds above Mach 8 at altitudes between 30 km and 38 km for more than 60 seconds. The nose and forebody section of the payload was made of CMC structures. Three canards with a CMC thermal protection were equipped with thermal management experiments to verify the thermal efficiency of these methods. All engineering science experiments like aerothermal heating of the nose and forebody, CMC material response at temperatures above 2200 K, hypersonic thermal management, shock wave boundary layer interaction, CFRP module with cork coating for high temperature applications, high temperature fin leading edge and radiometer sensors provided unique flight data. A reduced in-flight 3 DoF trajectory simulation running on the flight computer determined the ignition time of the third stage which allowed improved experiment conditions in terms of Mach number and apogee altitude even in the presence of external perturbation

¿Por qué es importante compostar la cama de pollo antes de utilizarla como enmienda en la producción hortícola?

Reflexionamos acerca del uso de cama de pollo en la frutihorticultura en el marco de la Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas en virtud de su significativo aporte a las características físicas, físico-químicas y biológicas del sueloEEA BalcarceFil: Okada, Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Rizzo, Pedro Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Pérez, Débora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Carciochi, Walter. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Carciochi, Walter. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina.Fil: Pellegrini, Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Ponce, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Lavallen, Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente; Argentina.Fil: Dopchiz, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente; Argentina.Fil: Young, Brian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto De Investigación Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentina.Fil: Di Martino, Ana María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina.Fil: Borracci, Sebastián Emilio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Otamendi; Argentina

Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It is widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of social impairment are neurofunctional alterations in the “social brain,” a neural circuitry involved in inferring the mental state of a social partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out the to-date largest study on neural correlates of mentalizing in ASD. Methods: As part of the Longitudinal European Autism Project, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging at six European sites in a large, well-powered, and deeply phenotyped sample of individuals with ASD (N = 205) and typically developing (TD) individuals (N = 189) aged 6 to 30 years. We presented an animated shapes task to assess and comprehensively characterize social brain activation during mentalizing. We tested for effects of age, diagnosis, and their association with symptom measures, including a continuous measure of autistic traits. Results: We observed robust effects of task. Within the ASD sample, autistic traits were moderately associated with functional activation in one of the key regions of the social brain, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. However, there were no significant effects of diagnosis on task performance and no effects of age and diagnosis on social brain responses. Besides a lack of mean group differences, our data provide no evidence for meaningful differences in the distribution of brain response measures. Extensive control analyses suggest that the lack of case-control differences was not due to a variety of potential confounders. Conclusions: Contrary to prior reports, this large-scale study does not support the assumption that altered social brain activation during mentalizing forms a common neural marker of ASD, at least with the paradigm we employed. Yet, autistic individuals show socio-behavioral deficits. Our work therefore highlights the need to interrogate social brain function with other brain measures, such as connectivity and network-based approaches, using other paradigms, or applying complementary analysis approaches to assess individual differences in this heterogeneous condition

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters

We forecast the main cosmological parameter constraints achievable with theCORE space mission which is dedicated to mapping the polarisation of the CosmicMicrowave Background (CMB). CORE was recently submitted in response to ESA'sfifth call for medium-sized mission proposals (M5). Here we report the resultsfrom our pre-submission study of the impact of various instrumental options, inparticular the telescope size and sensitivity level, and review the great,transformative potential of the mission as proposed. Specifically, we assessthe impact on a broad range of fundamental parameters of our Universe as afunction of the expected CMB characteristics, with other papers in the seriesfocusing on controlling astrophysical and instrumental residual systematics. Inthis paper, we assume that only a few central CORE frequency channels areusable for our purpose, all others being devoted to the cleaning ofastrophysical contaminants. On the theoretical side, we assume LCDM as ourgeneral framework and quantify the improvement provided by CORE over thecurrent constraints from the Planck 2015 release. We also study the jointsensitivity of CORE and of future Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Large ScaleStructure experiments like DESI and Euclid. Specific constraints on the physicsof inflation are presented in another paper of the series. In addition to thesix parameters of the base LCDM, which describe the matter content of aspatially flat universe with adiabatic and scalar primordial fluctuations frominflation, we derive the precision achievable on parameters like thosedescribing curvature, neutrino physics, extra light relics, primordial heliumabundance, dark matter annihilation, recombination physics, variation offundamental constants, dark energy, modified gravity, reionization and cosmicbirefringence. (ABRIDGED

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe