2,061 research outputs found
Analyzing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation in aging and vascular amyloid pathology
In aging individuals, both protective as well as regulatory immune functions
are declining, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infections as well
as to autoimmunity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
oxidase 2-deficiency in immune cell subsets has been shown to be associated
with aging. Using intravital marker-free NAD(P)H-fluorescence lifetime
imaging, we have previously identified microglia/myeloid cells and astrocytes
as main cellular sources of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in the CNS during
neuroinflammation, due to an overactivation of NOX. The overactivated NOX
enzymes catalyze the massive production of the highly reactive Oâ2, which
initiates in a chain reaction the overproduction of diverse reactive oxygen
species (ROS). Age-dependent oxidative distress levels in the brain and their
cellular sources are not known. Furthermore, it is unclear whether in age-
dependent diseases oxidative distress is initiated by overproduction of ROS or
by a decrease in antioxidant capacity, subsequently leading to
neurodegeneration in the CNS. Here, we compare the activation level of NOX
enzymes in the cerebral cortex of young and aged mice as well as in a model of
vascular amyloid pathology. Despite the fact that a striking change in the
morphology of microglia can be detected between young and aged individuals, we
find comparable low-level NOX activation both in young and old mice. In
contrast, aged mice with the human APPE693Q mutation, a model for cerebral
amyloid angiopathy (CAA), displayed increased focal NOX overactivation in the
brain cortex, especially in tissue areas around the vessels. Despite activated
morphology in microglia, NOX overactivation was detected only in a small
fraction of these cells, in contrast to other pathologies with overt
inflammation as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or
glioblastoma. Similar to these pathologies, the astrocytes majorly contribute
to the NOX overactivation in the brain cortex during CAA. Together, these
findings emphasize the role of other cellular sources of activated NOX than
phagocytes not only during EAE but also in models of amyloid pathology.
Moreover, they may strengthen the hypothesis that microglia/monocytes show a
diminished potential for clearance of amyloid beta protein
The Code of Protest. Images of Peace in the West German Peace Movements, 1945-1990
The article examines posters produced by the peace movements in the Federal Republic of
Germany during the ColdWar, with an analytical focus on the transformation of the iconography
of peace in modernity. Was it possible to develop an independent, positive depiction of peace
in the context of protests for peace and disarmament? Despite its name, the pictorial selfrepresentation
of the campaign âFight against Nuclear Deathâ in the late 1950s did not draw
on the theme of pending nuclear mass death. The large-scale protest movement in the 1980s
against NATOâs 1979 âdouble-trackâ decision contrasted female peacefulness with masculine
aggression in an emotionally charged pictorial symbolism. At the same time this symbolism
marked a break with the pacifist iconographic tradition that had focused on the victims of war.
Instead, the movement presented itself with images of demonstrating crowds, as an anticipation
of its peaceful ends. Drawing on the concept of asymmetrical communicative âcodesâ that has
been developed in sociological systems theory, the article argues that the iconography of peace in
peace movement posters could not develop a genuinely positive vision of peace, since the code of
protest can articulate the designation value âpeaceâ only in conjunction with the rejection value
âwarâ
ĐĐŸĐœĐșŃŃĐ”ĐœŃĐŸŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ŃĐžŃĐŒ ĐČ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ ŃŃĐœĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžĐșĐž
ĐĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· ŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐŸŃĐłĐ°ĐœĐžĐ·Đ°ŃОО ĐșĐŸĐŒĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐŽĐ”ŃŃДлŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃДЎпŃĐžŃŃĐžŃ Đž ĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐșĐ° ĐșĐŸĐœĐșŃŃĐ”ĐœŃĐŸŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃĐžŃĐŒŃ. ĐŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” Đž ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐ° ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐżĐŸĐČŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐœĐșŃŃĐ”ĐœŃĐŸŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃДЎпŃĐžŃŃĐžŃ ŃŃĐœĐșĐ° ŃĐ”ĐșĐ»Đ°ĐŒĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ»ŃĐł.Analysis of the effectiveness of the organization of commercial activities of the enterprise and evaluation of the firm's competitiveness. Research and development of a system for increasing the competitiveness of a service enterprise
Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO)
The German National Cohort (NAKO) is a multidisciplinary, population-based prospective cohort study that aims to investigate the causes of widespread diseases, identify risk factors and improve early detection and prevention of disease. Specifically, NAKO is designed to identify novel and better characterize established risk and protection factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory and infectious diseases in a random sample of the general population. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 205,415 men and women aged 19â74Â years were recruited and examined in 18 study centres in Germany. The baseline assessment included a face-to-face interview, self-administered questionnaires and a wide range of biomedical examinations. Biomaterials were collected from all participants including serum, EDTA plasma, buffy coats, RNA and erythrocytes, urine, saliva, nasal swabs and stool. In 56,971 participants, an intensified examination programme was implemented. Whole-body 3T magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30,861 participants on dedicated scanners. NAKO collects follow-up information on incident diseases through a combination of active follow-up using self-report via written questionnaires at 2â3Â year intervals and passive follow-up via record linkages. All study participants are invited for re-examinations at the study centres in 4â5Â year intervals. Thereby, longitudinal information on changes in risk factor profiles and in vascular, cardiac, metabolic, neurocognitive, pulmonary and sensory function is collected. NAKO is a major resource for population-based epidemiology to identify new and tailored strategies for early detection, prediction, prevention and treatment of major diseases for the next 30Â years. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10654-022-00890-5
Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter
The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britainâs gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries
Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an
Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð„with constraintsð ð ð„ „ ðandðŽð„ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis
EuReCa ONEâ27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe
AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events
Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in protonâproton collisions at âs = 7 TeV
Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript â1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
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