Approche interdisciplinaire d’un atelier minéralurgique du XVe s à Sainte-Marie aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin, France)

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The Influence of Manga on the Graphic Novel

This material has been published in The Cambridge History of the Graphic Novel edited by Jan Baetens, Hugo Frey, Stephen E. Tabachnick. This version is free to view and download for personal use only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University PressProviding a range of cogent examples, this chapter describes the influences of the Manga genre of comics strip on the Graphic Novel genre, over the last 35 years, considering the functions of domestication, foreignisation and transmedia on readers, markets and forms

Caractérisation des horizons manganésifères de l’Ordovicien supérieur de Sardaigne : relation avec la glaciation fini-ordovicienne

Mn-rich crusts interbedded within glacially-related Hirnantian deposits of Sardinia result from starved sedimentation in isolated sub-basins. These latter result from low glacio-eustatic sea-levels on the North-Gondwanian platform. During very low sea-levels, large supplies of fresh water are responsible for oxidizing conditions allowing Mn-oxides concretions to form. During relatively higher sea-levels, sea water inflows result in water stratification, reducing conditions and Mn-carbonate concretions. A hydrothermal origin associated with a rifting event is suggested for the manganese. (C) 2000 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS

Interaction of Tournemire argillite (Aveyron, France) with hyperalkaline fluids: Batch experiments performed with powdered and/or compact materials

Argillaceous rocks and concrete matrix are considered as potential host rocks and engineered barrier, respectively for radioactive waste repositories. The concrete matrix could react with the groundwater of the geological site, inducing a drastic change in its chemical composition and pH. Consequently, the physico-chemical properties of the rock in contact with this hyperalkaline fluid may be modified. Therefore, an experimental programme has been developed for examining the physico-chemical changes of claystone in contact with alkaline fluids: batch experiments undertaken as a preliminary step followed by diffusion and percolation experiments in order to describe and to assess the physico-chemical phenomena observed under repository conditions. The first series of batch experiments are carried out in order to study the degradation of the Tournemire argillite properties caused by a fluid resulting from a contact with fresh concrete, considered as the most aggressive in relation to its hyper alkaline pH (≈13). Thus, the influence of several parameters is tested, such as liquid/rock ratio (L/R 3-30 g/g), contact time (1-3 months), temperature (25-70 °C) and oxygen concentration. To compare the effect of the concrete maturity on the argillite physico-chemical damage, the second series of batch experiments are performed with a fluid resulting from a contact with moderately degraded concrete. Experiments are carried out on powdered and compact samples in order to identify structural and geochemical modifications. Before and after contact with simplified concrete fluids, powdered solids were mainly characterised by XRD (with measurements of specific surface area and SEM observations for a selection of samples) whereas compact materials were only observed by SEM. The chemical composition of the recovered solutions was also determined for their major anions and cations with their carbon content and pH values. Interpretations are based on solid analyses and aqueous chemistry. The comparison of results obtained with powdered and compact solids is only feasible for short time experiments. Aqueous chemistry and solid analyses indicate the dissolution of pyrite, dolomite and organic carbon with the precipitation of calcite. Precipitations of zeolites and K-feldspars occur sometimes and are only evidenced by SEM analyses. Nevertheless, silicates dissolution or precipitation is unclear through XRD analyses. Experimental conditions influence widely the intensity/nature of processes and prevent the transposition of data obtained in given conditions to other ones. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Floral structure, breeding system and fruit-set in the threatened sub-shrub Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae)

Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae) has undergone a range contraction of approx. 50 km in the last 100 years and is now listed as a vulnerable sub-shrub restricted to the central and north coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. There are approx. 250 populations in a 110 km north-south distribution and populations are usually small with fewer than 50 plants/clumps. The reproductive ecology of the species was studied to determine why seed-set is reportedly rare. Flowers are bisexual, odourless and nectarless. Flowers are presented dependentally and there are eight stamens recurved around the pistil. Anthers are poricidal, contain viable pollen and basally contain a deep-red tapetal fluid that is slightly oily. Thus flowers are presented for buzz pollinators, although none were observed at flowers during our study. The species was found to be facultatively xenogamous with only one in 50 glasshouse flowers setting seed autogamously, i.e. without pollinator assistance. Field studies revealed fertile fruit in 24 populations but production varied significantly across sites from exceedingly low (0.6 fruits per plant clump) to low (17 fruits per plant clump). Fruit-set ranged from 0 to 65%, suggesting that pollen vectors exist or that autogamy levels in the field are variable and higher than glasshouse results. Fruit production did not vary with population size, although in three of the five populations in the south-west region more than twice as much fruit was produced as in populations elsewhere. A moderately strong relationship between foliage volume and fruit : flower ratios suggests that bigger plants may be more attractive than smaller plants to pollinators. A review of Tetratheca pollination ecology revealed that several species are poorly fecund and pollinators are rare. The habitat requirements for Tetratheca, a genus of many rare and threatened species, is discussed. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company

Floral Sturcture, Breeding System and Fruit-set in the Threatened Sub-shrub Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae)

'Tetratheca juncea' Smith (Tremandraceae) has undergone a range contraction of approx. 50 km in the last 100 years and is now listed as a vulnerable sub-shrub restricted to the central and north coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. There are approx. 250 populations in a 110 km north±south distribution and populations are usually small with fewer than 50 plants/clumps. The reproductive ecology of the species was studied to determine why seed-set is reportedly rare. Flowers are bisexual, odourless and nectarless. Flowers are presented dependentally and there are eight stamens recurved around the pistil. Anthers are poricidal, contain viable pollen and basally contain a deep-red tapetal fluid that is slightly oily. Thus flowers are presented for buzz pollinators, although none were observed at flowers during our study. The species was found to be facultatively xenogamous with only one in 50 glasshouse flowers setting seed autogamously, i.e. without pollinator assistance. Field studies revealed fertile fruit in 24 populations but production varied significantly across sites from exceedingly low (0.6 fruits per plant clump) to low (17 fruits per plant clump). Fruit-set ranged from 0 to 65%, suggesting that pollen vectors exist or that autogamy levels in the field are variable and higher than glasshouse results. Fruit production did not vary with population size, although in three of the five populations in the south-west region more than twice as much fruit was produced as in populations elsewhere. A moderately strong relationship between foliage volume and fruit : flower ratios suggests that bigger plants may be more attractive than smaller plants to pollinators. A review of Tetratheca pollination ecology revealed that several species are poorly fecund and pollinators are rare. The habitat requirements for Tetratheca, a genus of many rare and threatened species, is discussed

Mineralogical characterization of the Tournemire argillite after in situ interaction with concretes

This study aims to investigate, through mineralogical characterization (SEM, XRD) and mass-balance calculations, the effects of contact time, concrete types and presence of free water on the Tournemire argillite under in situ conditions. Three sampling zones from Excavation Disturbed Zone (EDZ) areas have been chosen: (1) dry contacts, collected at the tunnel masonry/argillite interface (contact time - 125 years), (2) wet contacts, taken close to drained areas below the tunnel roadbed in contact with the canal draining the Cernon fault water (contact time - 15 and 7 years) and at the tunnel masonry/argillite interface over 70 m from the Cernon fault (contact time - 125 years). This study shows that:•in the absence of water, no significant modification of argillite is observed after 125 years, except for pyrite dissolution and gypsum precipitation.•in the presence of water, precipitation of gypsum, recrystallization of mixed-layer clays, neoformation of zeolites and K-feldspars overgrowths are observed. At the concrete/argillite interface near the Cernon fault, important dolomite neoformation and leaching of chlorite and kaolinite occur. These processes are enhanced with contact time, low flow rate and the nature of the concrete (compound cement Portland CEM II 32.5). Evidence for oxidation processes linked to the EDZ (pyrite oxidation, Fe-oxy-hydroxide and gypsum precipitation) is observed. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved