Deporting Fathers: Involuntary Transnational Families and Intent to Remigrate among Salvadoran Deportees

One-fourth of deportees from the U.S. are parents of U.S.-citizen children. We do not know how separation from families affects remigration among deportees, who face high penalties given unlawful reentry. We examined how family separation affects intent to remigrate among Salvadoran deportees. The majority of deportees with children in the U.S. were also separated from their spouse, and the vast majority had U.S.-citizen children. Family separation was the single most important factor affecting intent to remigrate. We interpret these findings in light of immigration policy debates

Serviços essenciais no ordenamento territorial metropolitano: Indicador para o diagnóstico integrado na Área Metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina

La gestión conjunta de servicios básicos representa un desafío para las regiones que se encuentran en un proceso de integración, como las áreas metropolitanas. En el Área Metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina se reconocen deficiencias en el acceso de la población a los servicios esenciales relacionados a la calidad de vida, traduciéndose en profundos desequilibrios que deben ser objeto de la ordenación territorial. Este trabajo analiza el nivel de cobertura de los servicios urbanos básicos esenciales, su relación con la estructura interna metropolitana y la dinámica demográfica en un área compuesta por 25 localidades, con 588.784 habitantes en 2010. La metodología, de corte cuantitativo, está basada en el diseño y aplicación de un índice sintético que contempla los hogares y viviendas con acceso a 7 servicios básicos y el empleo de herramientas de análisis espacial. La discusión plantea los siguientes interrogantes, ¿cuál es el nivel de cobertura de servicios esenciales de los distritos y radios del área de estudio y cuál fue la evolución desde 2001? ¿Cómo se vincula el nivel de servicios con la dinámica y tamaño demográfico de las localidades? ¿En qué medida se encuentran preparados, en materia de servicios que mejoran la calidad de vida, los distritos más poblados y de elevado crecimiento? Se identifican sectores de mayores carencias, en coincidencia con distritos de gran incremento poblacional a raíz de los procesos desconcentradores metropolitanos, a los que debería priorizarse en las políticas públicas.The joint management of essential services represents a challenge for regions in the integration process, such as metropolitan areas. In the Metropolitan Area of Santa Fe, Argentina, there are difficulties for the population to access essential services related to the quality of life. This situation translates into profound imbalances that should be the subject of land use planning. This paper analyzes the level of coverage of essential basic urban services, their relationship with the internal metropolitan structure and demographic dynamics in an area composed of 25 localities, with 588,784 inhabitants, in 2010. In addition to spatial analysis tools, the methodology used is a quantitative approach based on a synthetic index that considers households and dwellings with access to seven essential services. The discussion raises the following questions: What is the level of basic services coverage in the districts and radios of the study area, and how has it evolved since 2001? How are the services linked to the demographic dynamics and size of the localities? To what extent are the most populated and high-growth districts prepared as for services that improve the quality of life? The sectors with the greatest shortages are identified, which coincide with districts with a large increase in population because of metropolitan deconcentrating processes that should be prioritized in public policies.A gestão conjunta de serviços básicos representa um desafio para regiões em processo de integração, como as regiões metropolitanas. Na Área Metropolitana de Santa Fe, Argentina, existem deficiências no acesso da população a serviços essenciais relacionados à qualidade de vida. Isso resulta em desequilíbrios profundos que devem ser objeto do ordenamento territorial. Este artigo analisa o nível de cobertura dos serviços urbanos básicos essenciais, sua relação com a estrutura metropolitana interna e a dinâmica demográfica em uma área composta por 25 localidades, com 588 784 habitantes em 2010. A metodologia, quantitativa, assenta no desenho e aplicação de um índice sintético que inclui agregados familiares e moradias com acesso a sete serviços básicos e na utilização de ferramentas de análise espacial. A discussão levanta as seguintes questões: qual é o nível de cobertura dos serviços essenciais dos distritos e da área de estudo e qual foi a evolução desde 2001? Como o nível de serviços está vinculado à dinâmica e ao tamanho demográfico das localidades? Até que ponto os distritos mais populosos e de maior crescimento em matéria de serviços que melhorem a qualidade de vida estão preparados? São identificados os setores com maiores deficiências, coincidindo com distritos com grande aumento populacional em decorrência dos processos de descentralização metropolitana, que devem ser priorizados nas políticas públicas.Fil: Cardoso, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Nestor Javier. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Logística de distribución de productos perecederos: Estudios de caso Fuente de Oro (Meta) y Viotá (Cundinamarca)

Se busca solución a un estudio de caso aplicado al sector productivo en los mercados campesinos de dos municipios Fuente de oro (Meta) Viota (Cundinamarca), donde se encuentran la manera correcta de minimizar costos siendo mas eficientes, donde predomina productos de mas alta calidad y menor perdida.solution is sought to a case study applied to the productive sector in the peasant markets of two municipalities Fuente de oro (Meta) Viota (Cundinamarca), where they find the right way to minimize costs being more efficient, where higher quality products predominate and less loss

Major changes and pedagogical challenges in the curriculum of physicians in the post-pandemic of COVID-19: a systematic review

Introduction: Respiratory disease (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus (SARSCoV-2) has spread around the world causing respiratory illnesses and deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented crisis in the field of education. It is essential to reflect on the role of educational systems in curricular training, especially for doctors. Objective: The present study prepared a systematic review to analyze the main curriculum changes in medical education institutions around the world. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar database, using scientific articles from 2009 to 2021. Results: As a corollary of the literary search system, 155 studies were analyzed and submitted to eligibility analysis, and then 55 high to moderate quality studies were selected. Biases did not compromise the scientific basis of the studies. It was analyzed that it is crucial that the academic education community learn from experience and prioritize a forward-thinking academic approach as practical solutions are implemented. The pandemic has brought about a lasting transformation in medicine with the advancement of telehealth, adaptive research protocols, and clinical trials with flexible approaches to achieving solutions. The studies analyzed in general did not address criticisms about the weaknesses of remote education, limiting themselves to defending it as the only viable strategy. There was no consensus on the inclusion of students in the practical activities of curricular internships and medical internships. A part of the studies defends the inclusion in hospital spaces as a way to contribute to overcoming the health crisis imposed by the pandemic. The studies evidenced the inclusion of pandemic management disciplines with a focus on public health in the medical curricula. Conclusion: The medical activity and curriculum underwent and are undergoing significant changes and adaptations. Thus, the doctor will need to develop other skills, without losing the traditional ones. The highlight is telehealth and soft skills, as they will allow students to connect to the best in world medicine, highlighting the importance of scientific knowledge when establishing treatments in cases of pandemics with a focus on public health

O Projecto de Investigacão em Avaliacão de Atitudes Relacionadas com a Ciȇncia, Tecnologia e a Sociedade (PIERCTS): uma acção cooperativa iberoamericana

Se presenta un proyecto de evaluación cooperativa internacional de temas CTS entre investigadores de diversos países iberoamericanos, basado en un instrumento y unos métodos de evaluación contrastados por la investigación previa. El trabajo práctico se centra en el conocimiento de la metodología del PIEARCTS, que puede ser útil y aplicable a otras investigaciones CTS. Esto comprende una profundización en la metodología del proyecto las muestras planificadas, los instrumentos aplicados (modelo de respuesta múltiple y clasificación en categorías) y los procedimientos de cuantificación y estandarización a través de una métrica que genera índices actitudinales invariantes

ATENDIMENTO A UNIDADE FAMILIAR DO IDOSO: EXPERIÊNCIA MULTIDISCIPLINAR

A proposta deste trabalho é relatar a experiência do atendimento domiciliar à população idosa realizado por um grupo de acadêmicos e professores de cursos da área da saúde no Programa Terceira Idade da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul/UNISC. O atendimento domiciliar teve como objetivos proporcionar uma assistência humanizada e integral e estimular a maior participação do idoso e de sua família no tratamento proposto. Uma interação maior entre paciente-família-equipe foi observada a partir do atendimento domiciliar, sem a formalidade característica dos serviços de saúde. palavras-chave Atendimento Domiciliar. Equipe Multidisciplinar. Promoção do Envelhecimento Saudável. abstract The purpose of this study is to report the experience of home care to the elderly conducted by a group of scholars and teachers of courses in the area of health in the Elderly Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC. Home care aimed to provide a humanized and comprehensive care and encourage greater participation of the elderly and their families in the proposed treatment. Greater interaction between patient-family-team was observed from the home care without the formality characteristic of health services. keywords Home care, multidisciplinary team; promote healthy aging

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) fruits

Traditional usage of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, popularly known as Brazilian pepper, includes the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Chemical composition of the essential oil extracted of fruits of S. terebinthifolius collected in Mato Grosso do Sul was investigated and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated. The essential oil (EOST) obtained in Clevenger and analyzed by GC-MS, exhibited predominance of monoterpenes. The oral administration of EOST significantly inhibited, in dose dependent manner, the carrageenan (Cg) induced rat paw oedema. The observed inhibitions after two hours of Cginjection were 57 ± 8% (100 mg kg-1) for EOST and 66 ± 6% for dexamethasone (DEXA). In another model of inflammation, the oral administration of EOST (100 mg kg-1) reduced 56 ± 11% while DEXA inhibited about 91 ± 5% the Cg-induced leukocyte migration in the air pouch model. Finally, in the persistent inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), the daily oral treatment with EOST (200 mg/kg) inhibited 33 ± 6% in 4 days after injection of CFA. The essential oil (EOST) exhibited a marked anti-inflammatory activity and these response profiles differ from others oils collected in different places.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Free radical scavenging and anti-edematogenic activities of essential oil obtained from trichilia silvatica dc. (meliaceae) leaves

The present study was focused in evaluating the chemical composition, the anti-edematogenic and antioxidant activities of essential oil obtained from Trichilia silvatica (EOTS) leaves. The EOTS was extracted by hydrodistillation and their analyses were performed by GC/MS. The main compounds identified in the EOTS were sesquiterpenes. Furthermore, the EOTS exhibited antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The oral administration of EOTS (100 and 300 mg/kg), significantly inhibited the carrageenan (Cg) induced rat paw edema. The observed inhibitions were 54 ± 7 and 49 ± 6 % (100 mg/kg) for EOTS and 68 ± 6 % and 66 ± 11 % for dexamethasone after 2 and 4 h after Cg-injection, respectively. In conclusion, the present work showed for the first time, that the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil seem to be mainly associated with the high levels of sesquiterpene in the leaves of this plant.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Abnormal amygdala-prefrontal effective connectivity to happy faces differentiates bipolar from major depression

Background - Bipolar disorder is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder, delaying appropriate treatment and worsening outcome for many bipolar individuals. Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder. Measures of dysfunction in neural systems supporting emotion regulation might therefore help discriminate bipolar from major depressive disorder. Methods - Thirty-one depressed individuals—15 bipolar depressed (BD) and 16 major depressed (MDD), DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, ages 18–55 years, matched for age, age of illness onset, illness duration, and depression severity—and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects performed two event-related paradigms: labeling the emotional intensity of happy and sad faces, respectively. We employed dynamic causal modeling to examine significant among-group alterations in effective connectivity (EC) between right- and left-sided neural regions supporting emotion regulation: amygdala and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC). Results - During classification of happy faces, we found profound and asymmetrical differences in EC between the OMPFC and amygdala. Left-sided differences involved top-down connections and discriminated between depressed and control subjects. Furthermore, greater medication load was associated with an amelioration of this abnormal top-down EC. Conversely, on the right side the abnormality was in bottom-up EC that was specific to bipolar disorder. These effects replicated when we considered only female subjects. Conclusions - Abnormal, left-sided, top-down OMPFC–amygdala and right-sided, bottom-up, amygdala–OMPFC EC during happy labeling distinguish BD and MDD, suggesting different pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the two types of depression

Interventions for hyperhidrosis in secondary care : a systematic review and value-of-information analysis

Background: Hyperhidrosis is uncontrollable excessive sweating that occurs at rest, regardless of temperature. The symptoms of hyperhidrosis can significantly affect quality of life. The management of hyperhidrosis is uncertain and variable. Objective: To establish the expected value of undertaking additional research to determine the most effective interventions for the management of refractory primary hyperhidrosis in secondary care. Methods: A systematic review and economic model, including a value-of-information (VOI) analysis. Treatments to be prescribed by dermatologists and minor surgical treatments for hyperhidrosis of the hands, feet and axillae were reviewed; as endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is incontestably an end-of-line treatment, it was not reviewed further. Fifteen databases (e.g. CENTRAL, PubMed and PsycINFO), conference proceedings and trial registers were searched from inception to July 2016. Systematic review methods were followed. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted for comparisons between botulinum toxin (BTX) injections and placebo for axillary hyperhidrosis, but otherwise, owing to evidence limitations, data were synthesised narratively. A decision-analytic model assessed the cost-effectiveness and VOI of five treatments (iontophoresis, medication, BTX, curettage, ETS) in 64 different sequences for axillary hyperhidrosis only. Results and conclusions: Fifty studies were included in the effectiveness review: 32 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 17 non-RCTs and one large prospective case series. Most studies were small, rated as having a high risk of bias and poorly reported. The interventions assessed in the review were iontophoresis, BTX, anticholinergic medications, curettage and newer energy-based technologies that damage the sweat gland (e.g. laser, microwave). There is moderate-quality evidence of a large statistically significant effect of BTX on axillary hyperhidrosis symptoms, compared with placebo. There was weak but consistent evidence for iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis. Evidence for other interventions was of low or very low quality. For axillary hyperhidrosis cost-effectiveness results indicated that iontophoresis, BTX, medication, curettage and ETS was the most cost-effective sequence (probability 0.8), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £9304 per quality-adjusted life-year. Uncertainty associated with study bias was not reflected in the economic results. Patients and clinicians attending an end-of-project workshop were satisfied with the sequence of treatments for axillary hyperhidrosis identified as being cost-effective. All patient advisors considered that the Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index was superior to other tools commonly used in hyperhidrosis research for assessing quality of life. Limitations: The evidence for the clinical effectiveness and safety of second-line treatments for primary hyperhidrosis is limited. This meant that there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for most interventions assessed and the cost-effectiveness analysis was restricted to hyperhidrosis of the axilla. Future work: Based on anecdotal evidence and inference from evidence for the axillae, participants agreed that a trial of BTX (with anaesthesia) compared with iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis would be most useful. The VOI analysis indicates that further research into the effectiveness of existing medications might be worthwhile, but it is unclear that such trials are of clinical importance. Research that established a robust estimate of the annual incidence of axillary hyperhidrosis in the UK population would reduce the uncertainty in future VOI analyses