Periodization for Massive Strength Gains

In order to create the perfect resistance training program for their athletes, coaches must master the ability to control all variables of training over time in order to maximize physiological responses - this is a concept known as periodization (3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26). Periodization was first established in Russia, after the conclusion of the 1956 Olympic games (7, 21). Though simple in its principle and aim, periodization is frequently misunderstood due to the hyper-specific research that surrounds it (3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 21, 23, 25). Over the last five decades, researchers have produced a multitude of studies that look at specific variables of periodization, which this paper will later examine, but many of them prove to be inconclusive due to uncontrollable factors outside of training (3, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, 21). These uncontrollable factors make it difficult to be absolute in any conclusions surrounding the topic of periodization, though there are a number of considerations that make periodization very valuable (25). Periodization is of paramount importance when creating resistance training plans due to its role in the manipulation and subsequent control of variables over time (3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26). Without control of variables, resistance training becomes an aimless and non goal-oriented task (25, 43). In comparison with non-periodized resistance programs, periodized plans prove to be significantly more effective in strength gained, lean mass gained, and percent body fat lost (1, 5, 6, 11, 15, 25). Periodization will likely remain a topic of controversy for a long time to come, as coaches continue to seek the most effective combination and manipulation of training variables at their disposal (23)

R&D, Market Structure and Trade: A General Equilibrium Analysis

That many industries exhibit highly concentrated market structures, even at the global level, calls for trade theoretic analyses which can accommodate this fact. We present a two-country, general equilibrium analysis in which high concentration levels can be sustained through the interaction between R&D and market structure, whilst emphasizing the effects of trade and industrial policy on wages and welfare. The world economy is characterized by asymmetric initial conditions and populations. If initial conditions are very different, freetrade reduces wages in a backward economy, relative to autarky. However, the advanced economy always achieves higher wages through trade. Welfare gains from trade arise when economies are either very similar or very different. In the intermediate case, when initial conditions are not too different, and the advanced economy’s population is not very large, the backward economy loses from trade, while the advanced economy gains. A compensation mechanism is feasible and would ensure that no nation loses from trade. The analysis provides formal criteria for the choice of trade partners and the formation of trade blocs. Moreover, industrial policy (an R&D subsidy) is shown to be neutral or ineffective, in the sense that it does not affect any real magnitudes.International trade, industrial policy, product quality, R&D, market structure, initial conditions

Endogenous Technological Capability,Trade Policy and Coordination Failure: A Reconsideration of Economic Take-Off(s)

Economic development may feature entry into high-tech industries (�high-tech industrialization�), or expansion along low-tech trajectories (�low-tech industrialization�). By endogenizing technological capability within a coordination failure framework, we uncover mechanisms that help explain the differences between these types of industrialization. The process of development is characterized through a sequence of take-offs. In the first instance, an �industrial take-off� triggers industrialization. Subsequently, a �technological take-off� activates investment in technological capability. If wages rise too rapidly after crossing the industrial take-off, the economy misses a window of opportunity, and the technological take-off is bypassed. In this case, industrialization proceeds without entry into high-tech industries, and the economy ends up with lower income than otherwise. Trade policy is an effective instrument to trigger industrialization.

Confidencialidad y clemencia en la “Directiva de daños”: una aproximación

La recientemente aprobada Directiva 2014/104/UE (“Directiva de daños”) se propone armonizar, entre otros extremos, las condiciones en que las víctimas de daños derivados de ilícitos concurrenciales pueden acceder a información relevante para ejercitar fundadamente sus acciones indemnizatorias contra los infractores. La orientación final del instrumento normativo se ha decantado por soluciones de compromiso que habrían de asegurar el delicado equilibrio entre la efectividad del private enforcement y el éxito de los programas de clemencia en la lucha contra los cárteles. Sin embargo, la complejidad del sistema finalmente arbitrado permite augurar no pocas dificultades en la elaboración de las normas domésticas de transposición. Este trabajo ofrece una primera aproximación al panorama abierto por la norma comunitaria y explora fórmulas para la transposición de la Directiva en el ordenamiento español

The Hierarchical Structure of the Firm: A Geometric Perspective

This paper incorporates hierarchical structure into the neoclassical theory of the firm. Firms are hierarchical in two respects: the organization of workers in production and the wage structure. The firm’s hierarchy is represented as a sector of a circle, where the radius represents the hierarchy’s height, the width of the sector represents the breadth of the hierarchy at a given height, and the angle of the sector represents span of control. A perfectly competitive firm chooses height and width, as well as capital, in order to maximize profit. We analyze the short run and long run impact of changes in scale economies, input substitutability, and input and output prices on the firm’s hierarchical structure. We find that the firm grows as the specialization of its workers increases or as its output price increases relative to input prices. The effect of changes in scale economies is contingent on the price of output. The model also brings forth an analysis of wage inequality within the firm, which is found to be independent of the firm’s hierarchical organization of workers, and only depends on the firm’s wage schedule.Theory of the firm; Hierarchical structure; Economies of scale; Input substitutability; Inequality

La locución radiofónica en Canarias durante el franquismo

En el presente artículo abordamos la implantación y el desarrollo de la locución radiofónica franquista, como un capítulo más del afán centralizador y uniformador del estado español por el régimen, en el contexto específico de las Islas Canarias. Para subsanar las escasísimas huellas documentales legadas por este componente, el más volátil, del mecanismo comunicativo articulado a través de las ondas hertzianas, hemos recurrido a fuentes orales y a archivos privados y personales. Ello nos ha permitido rescatar un cúmulo de datos que, sin generar conocimiento, estaban condenados a desaparecer con la defunción de las personas correspondientes. Sobre tales bases, hemos podido recrear detalles muy jugosos sobre la dinámica de los cursos de locución de la época y la reacción, a corto y medio plazo, de la sociedad insular ante la imposición de una norma ajena a los usos cotidianos de ésta.On this article we tackle the introduction and development of radio broadcasting during the Franco period as another chapter in the monopolizing and uniforming zeal displayed by the Spanish state in order to establish the rule, on the specific context of the Canary Islands. Owing to the truly limited documentary information about this inconstant subject, an articulated communicative mechanism through the hertzians waves, we have focused on oral sources and personal and private archives. This approach has allowed us to save a lot of references that, even without supplying knowledge, were condemned to disappear with the death of the people involved. Upon this base, we had been able to recreate very succulents details about the process of broadcasting courses on that time, and the reaction, on a short and middle time, of the insular society with regard to the imposition of a foreign pattern, so different to daily customs

Contracción del k-haz paralelo respecto al polígono dado (una propuesta para la geometría dinámica)

La idea de utilizar el movimiento en la Geometría, data desde hace bastante tiempo. La traslación, la rotación y la homotecia son buenos ejemplos que se encuentran contemplados en los programas de Educación Básica; en los casos citados se realizan aplicaciones que consisten en desplazar la totalidad de los vértices de una figura dada y, con ello, toda la figura. Cuando se trabaja con triángulos, se suele ubicar la base de uno sobre una recta y trazar una paralela por el vértice opuesto a la base y desplazar este vértice, sobre la recta, para hacer notar que existen infinitos triángulos con igual área y que, además, pueden ser de cualquier tipo, siempre que la base y la distancia entre las recta no varíe. Algunos matemáticos han ido más lejos al incorporar la velocidad en la resolución de problemas geométricos (véase bibliografía al final de la ponencia). La geometría dinámica, como se suele llamar, toma impulso en la década de los 90’s con el desarrollo de software CABRI aplicado a Geometría y de otros posteriores que se encuentran ampliamente difundidos en la red

Área de la n-estrella

En la propuesta se desarrolla una aplicación útil para generar n-estrellas desde dos (02) puntas en adelante. Se introduce una serie de fórmulas para el cálculo del área respectiva y se utilizan fórmulas del n-polígono regular propuestas en el XIV Encuentro, en la deducción de las del área de la n-estrella