Higher Rates of Head Contacts, Body Checking, and Suspected Injuries in Ringette Than Female Ice Hockey:Time to Ring in Opportunities for Prevention

Objective: Ringette is a popular team ice sport in Canada, primarily played by females. Bodychecking is prohibited at all levels of play. This study used video-analysis to evaluate physical contact (PC), head contact (HC), and suspected injury and concussion incidence rates (IR) in youth ringette. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Youth ringette players from the 2021-2022 season playing in the U16 (ages 14-15) or U19 (ages 16-18) age groups (A or AA levels). Games were filmed from regular season, provincials, and nationals (AA only). Observation Technique: Game video-recordings were analyzed using Dartfish video-analysis software. Validated criteria were used to assess trunk PC intensity (levels 1-3=lower-intensity PC, levels 4-5=higher-intensity bodychecking), HC type (HC1=direct player-to-player, HC2=indirect), suspected injury (concussion, non-concussion), and penalty enforcement. Outcome Measures: Multivariable Poisson regression analyses (adjusted for cluster by teamgame, offset by game-minutes) were used to estimate PC, HC, and suspected injury and concussion IRs. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to compare IR across age groups, levels of play, and game types. Proportions of bodychecks and HC1s penalized were reported. Results: Seventy-eight team-games were included (U16 n=40, U19 n=38; A n=30, AA n=48; regular season n=30, provincials n=32, nationals n=16). The overall bodychecking IR was 17.34/100 team-minutes (95% CI:14.80-20.33), HC 19.09/100 team-minutes (95% CI:16.7421.78), suspected injury 1.53/100 team-minutes (95% CI:1.13-2.09), and suspected concussion 0.74/100 team-minutes (95% CI:0.48-1.13). Only 29% (95% CI:24.97-32.59) of bodychecks and 7% (95% CI:4.76-9.70) of HC1s were penalized. No differences were found in bodychecking, HCs, or suspected injury and concussion IRs between age groups or levels of play. Bodychecking IRs were 64% (IRR=1.64; 95% CI:1.13-2.39) higher in provincials and 24% (IRR=1.24; 95% CI:1.02-1.50) higher in nationals than regular season games. A 31% (IRR=0.69; 95% CI:0.49-0.97) lower rate of HCs was reported in national games compared to provincial games. Bodychecking was the most common mechanism for concussion (70%) and nonconcussion injuries (67%), with concussions most often associated with HC2s (62.5%). Conclusions: Bodychecking and HC1 IRs were high among youth ringette players, despite rules prohibiting them. Future research should target prevention strategies aimed to reduce HC1s and bodychecking to reduce injury and concussion IRs in youth ringette

Nueva estrategia para el diagnóstico precoz de la preeclampsia-eclampsia en Villa Clara

The results in prenatal care of pregnant women with risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia in the Municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, during the period from November 2009 to August 2010 are shown here with the aim of demonstrating the impact of predisposing factors for preeclampsia in a risk group of pregnant women. The health actions that can be taken to improve prenatal care in these groups, to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, are also shown. A total of 128 pregnant women were treated in the consultation during this period. They belonged to the six polyclinics in Santa Clara, and were followed up closely with a risk approach during the prenatal care. To achieve this, a flow chart was adapted to these pregnant women. More than half of the sampled women were undernourished in early pregnancy (60.15%) with a prevalence of obesity (32.03%) and maternal overweight (25%); 46.87% were nulliparous, 43.75% at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus and 32.03% for chronic hypertension. A significant number of pregnant women had vascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome. Specific measures were taken with this group such as calcium supplements and aspirin 125mgs, and the use of maternity homes to improve care for these pregnant women.Se presentan los resultados en la atención prenatal de gestantes con riesgos de preeclampsia-eclampsia en el Municipio de Santa Clara, Villa Clara en el período desde noviembre de 2009-agosto de 2010 con el objetivo de demostrar la incidencia de factores predisponentes de la preeclampsia en un grupo de gestantes de riesgo y las acciones de salud que pueden mejorar la atención prenatal en estos grupos, para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a estas entidades. En la consulta se han atendido un total de 128 gestantes en este período, pertenecientes a los seis policlínicos de Santa Clara; se les realizó un seguimiento estrecho con enfoque de riesgo durante la atención prenatal, para lograrlo se realizó un flujograma de trabajo adaptado a estas gestantes. Más de la mitad de la muestra tenían desnutrición al inicio del embarazo (60.15%) con predominio de la obesidad (32.03%) y el sobrepeso materno (25%); el 46.87% son nulíparas, el 43.75% con riesgo de diabetes mellitus gestacional y el 32.03% hipertensión arterial crónica. Existe un número importante de gestantes con factores de riesgo vascular y del síndrome metabólico. Se tomaron medidas específicas con este grupo como son los suplementos de calcio y aportes de 125mgs de aspirina, así como la utilización de los hogares maternos para mejorar la atención a estas gestantes

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

The Epidemiology of Youth Sport-Related Shoulder Injuries: A Systematic Review

Background. Youth around the globe place their shoulders at risk for injury when participating in sports. Shoulder injuries may vary in severity, produce the potential for time-loss from sport, and result in functional disability. We sought to explore sport-related shoulder injuries in youth by identifying injury rates, risk factors, injury mechanisms, and injury prevention strategies. Methods. All relevant full-text articles were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Sport Discus, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry. No date restrictions were used. All full-text studies reporting original research describing sport-related shoulder injury among female and/or male youth from 5 to 18 years old were included. Results. Of 3,889 studies screened, 97 described shoulder injury in youth sports. Shoulder injuries were identified in 24 unique sports. The median seasonal prevalence of shoulder injury was 10.9% (range 1.2–28.2%). The most common injury mechanisms identified were contacted with another player, contact with the playing environment, and falling to the ground. Risk factors for shoulder injury identified were side-to-side strength imbalances, weak external rotator muscles, and scapular dyskinesia. One study evaluated a successful training strategy to prevent shoulder injuries, but two other interventions demonstrated no effect. Conclusions. Sport-related shoulder injuries are prevalent among youth athletes. Injury risk factors identified included modifiable intrinsic factors such as strength, range of motion, and training load. The most common injury mechanism was direct contact with either another person or an object in the playing environment. Innovative shoulder-specific strategies are needed to reduce shoulder injuries in this population. Trial Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42020189142.Peer Reviewe

Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with two leptons in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThe results of a search for direct pair production of top squarks in events with two opposite-charge leptons (electrons or muons) are reported, using $36.1~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. To cover a range of mass differences between the top squark $\tilde{t}$ and lighter supersymmetric particles, four possible decay modes of the top squark are targeted with dedicated selections: the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm }$ into a b-quark and the lightest chargino with $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm } \rightarrow W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ , the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow t \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ into an on-shell top quark and the lightest neutralino, the three-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ and the four-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \ell \nu \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ . No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model background for any selection, and limits on top squarks are set as a function of the $\tilde{t}$ and $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ masses. The results exclude at 95% confidence level $\tilde{t}$ masses up to about 720 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous searches

Measurements of ttˉt\bar{t} differential cross-sections of highly boosted top quarks decaying to all-hadronic final states in pppp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13\, TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements are made of differential cross-sections of highly boosted pair-produced top quarks as a function of top-quark and $t\bar{t}$ system kinematic observables using proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$, recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with two large-radius jets in the final state, one with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T} > 500$ GeV and a second with $p_{\rm T}>350$ GeV, are used for the measurement. The top-quark candidates are separated from the multijet background using jet substructure information and association with a $b$-tagged jet. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects to a particle-level fiducial phase space and a parton-level limited phase space, and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated $\chi^2$ values. The cross-section for $t\bar{t}$ production in the fiducial phase-space region is $292 \pm 7 \ \rm{(stat)} \pm 76 \rm{(syst)}$ fb, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of $384 \pm 36$ fb

Study of the material of the ATLAS inner detector for Run 2 of the LHC

International audienceThe ATLAS inner detector comprises three different sub-detectors: the pixel detector, the silicon strip tracker, and the transition-radiation drift-tube tracker. The Insertable B-Layer, a new innermost pixel layer, was installed during the shutdown period in 2014, together with modifications to the layout of the cables and support structures of the existing pixel detector. The material in the inner detector is studied with several methods, using a low-luminosity √s=13 TeV pp collision sample corresponding to around 2.0 nb−1 collected in 2015 with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this paper, the material within the innermost barrel region is studied using reconstructed hadronic interaction and photon conversion vertices. For the forward rapidity region, the material is probed by a measurement of the efficiency with which single tracks reconstructed from pixel detector hits alone can be extended with hits on the track in the strip layers. The results of these studies have been taken into account in an improved description of the material in the ATLAS inner detector simulation, resulting in a reduction in the uncertainties associated with the charged-particle reconstruction efficiency determined from simulation