Performance Assessment of Solar-Transformer-Consumption System Using Neural Network Approach

الطاقة الشمسية هي واحدة من الطاقة المتجددة التي لا حصر لها في توليد الطاقة لبيئة خضراء ونظيفة وصحية. تمتص الألواح الشمسية المكونة من طبقة السيليكون طاقة الشمس وتتحول إلى كهرباء بواسطة عاكس خارج الشبكة. نقل الكهرباء يتم إما من هذا العاكس أو من المحول، التي تستهلكها وحدة (وحدات) الاستهلاك المتاحة للأغراض السكنية أو الاقتصادية. الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية هي أساس الذكاء الاصطناعي وتحل العديد من المشاكل المعقدة التي يصعب من خلال الأساليب الإحصائية أو من قبل البشر. في ضوء ذلك، فإن الغرض من هذا العمل هو تقييم أداء نظام الطاقة الشمسية - المحولات - الاستهلاك (STC). قد يكون النظام في حالة انهيار كامل بسبب فشل كل من النظام الفرعي لأتمتة الطاقة الشمسية والمحول في وقت واحد أو وحدة الاستهلاك ؛ وإلا فإنه يعمل بكفاءة كاملة أو أقل. يتم النظر في حالات الفشل والإصلاحات المستقلة إحصائيًا. يتم استخدام ظاهرة الاحتمالات الأولية المدمجة مع المعادلات التفاضلية لفحص موثوقية النظام ، للنظام القابل للإصلاح وغير القابل للإصلاح، ولتحليل دالة التكلفة الخاصة به. يمكن تحسين دقة واتساق النظام من خلال نهج الشبكة العصبية للانتشار الأمامي والخلفي (FFBPNN). يمكن لآلية تعلم النسب المتدرجة أن تقوم بتحديث الأوزان العصبية وبالتالي النتائج تصل إلى الدقة المطلوبة في كل تكرار، وبغض النظر عن مشكلة تلاشي التدرج في الشبكات العصبية الأخرى، مما يزيد من كفاءة النظام في الوقت الفعلي. تم تصميم كود MATLAB لخوارزمية FFBP لتحسين قيم الموثوقية ووظيفة التكلفة من خلال تقليل الخطأ إلى الحد الأدنى حتى 0.0001. يتم النظر في الرسوم التوضيحية العددية مع جداول البيانات والرسوم البيانية الخاصة بهم، لتوضيح النتائج وتحليلها في شكل الموثوقية ووظيفة التكلفة، والتي قد تكون مفيدة لمحللي النظام.Solar energy is one of the immeasurable renewable energy in power generation for a green, clean and healthier environment. The silicon-layer solar panels absorb sun energy and converts it into electricity by off-grid inverter. Electricity is transferred either from this inverter or from transformer, consumed by consumption unit(s) available for residential or economic purposes. The artificial neural network is the foundation of artificial intelligence and solves many complex problems which are difficult by statistical methods or by humans. In view of this, the purpose of this work is to assess the performance of the Solar - Transformer - Consumption (STC) system. The system may be in complete breakdown situation due to failure of both solar power automation subsystem and transformer simultaneously or consumption unit; otherwise it works with fully or lesser efficiency. Statistically independent failures and repairs are considered. Using the elementary probabilities phenomenon incorporated with differential equations is employed to examine the system reliability, for repairable and non-repairable system, and to analyze its cost function. The accuracy and consistency of the system can be improved by feed forward- back propagation neural network (FFBPNN) approach. Its gradient descent learning mechanism can update the neural weights and hence the results up to the desired accuracy in each iteration, and aside the problem of vanishing gradient in other neural networks, that increasing the efficiency of the system in real time. MATLAB code for FFBP algorithm is built to improve the values of reliability and cost function by minimizing the error up to 0.0001 precision. Numerical illustrations are considered with their data tables and graphs, to demonstrate and analyze the results in the form of reliability and cost function, which may be helpful for system analyzers

Statistical media optimization studies for growth and polydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by Pseudomonas spp.

Using glucose as carbon source and mustard cake and yeast extract as nitrogen sources bacterial isolate Pseudomonas B2 exhibited a maximum PHB recovery of 0.620 (in terms of O.D.) and PHB weight of 0.27g/L in 96 h. To determine the possibility of growth potential of Pseudomonas spp., it was grown in different carbon sources like fructose, glucose, maltose, mannitol etc. and it was found that glucose yielded good growth and PHB production. In order to incorporate cost effective nitrogen and carbon source, mustard cake and cotton cake as nitrogen source and molasses as carbon were used in medium. Statistical media optimization design was used to optimize the culture conditions for maximizing the PHB production. A maximum of 0.37 g/L of PHB and 0.746 (O.D.) PHB recoveries were obtained using optimized concentrations. Batch kinetics can be used for model development, which will make possible simulation of nutrient limited cultivation(s) for over accumulation of PHB. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of PHB

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Silicon Surface Passivation by Al2O3 film using Atomic Layer Deposition

Silicon surface passivation is studied using Al2O3 thin film deposited by thermal process using atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Minority carrier lifetime measurements showed that the film passivate the silicon surface effectively. Capacitancevoltage measurement confirms the activation of negative fixed charges after sintering at 400 degrees C

Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of mouse kidney 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase

AbstractA 1932 bp cDNA clone encoding a novel isozyme of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2) was isolated from a mouse kidney cDNA library. The sequence encodes 519 amino acids and, based on homology to rat heart genomic sequence, appears to be the product of alternative splicing from PFK-2/FBPase-2 gene B with an extended version of exon 15. Northern blot analysis indicated that this clone corresponds to an 8 kb mRNA expressed in multiple tissues, with the strongest signal in kidney, and detects several additional transcripts which may be alternatively spliced from gene B