Necesidades a Futuro y Situación Actual de las Competencias en Educación Superior en el Contexto de España

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y reflexionar sobre: (a) el papel que las competencias –como componente definitorio de la actividad laboral y la ocupación en las próximas décadas– tienen en una sociedad hipertecnológica y globalizada; (b) la incorporación que se está dando en España de la Formación Basada en Competencias en la Educación Superior (tanto en la Formación Profesional como en los estudios universitarios) y (c) los condicionantes y retos que tiene ante sí la Educación Superior en el futuro más inmediato en relación con las competencias. El factor tecnológico –desde la robotización a la inteligencia artificial– junto con factores demográficos, sociales y económicos confirman la importancia de las competencias transversales en las profesiones del futuro. Frente a esta demanda se constata que en la actualidad la Educación Superior se encuentra en pleno proceso de adopción de las competencias como eje de la formación. Mientras que los currículos ya están definidos con base en competencias se necesita aún avanzar en el cambio metodológico (mediante metodologías activas) y de evaluación (considerando los resultados de aprendizaje) para que la inserción de las competencias en la Formación Profesional y en la universidad sea completa.This article aims to analyze and reflect on: (a) the role that competences–as a defining component of work activity and occupation in the coming decades—have in a hyper technological and globalized society; (b) the incorporation that is taking place in Spain of Skills-Based Training in Higher Education (both in professional training and in university studies); and (c) the conditioning factors and challenges that Higher Education faces in the immediate future in relation to competences. The technological factor—from robotization to artificial intelligence—together with demographic, social, and economic factors confirm the importance of cross-sectional competences in the careers of the future. Faced with this demand, it can be seen that the Higher Education is currently in the process of adopting competences as the axis of training. While the curricula have already been defined on the basis of competences, an advancement in methodological change is still required (through active methodologies), as well as in evaluation (considering learning results) so that the insertion of competences in Professional Training and in the university is complete

Evaluación basada en los Resultados de Aprendizaje: Una Experiencia en la Universidad

Partiendo de los cambios implementados en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (HUHEZI) de Mondragon Unibertsitatea así como de los propiciados por el desarrollo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), en este artículo se presenta una experiencia de innovación educativa -en cuanto a redefinición curricular, metodológica y evaluativa- desarrollada en los Grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de esta Facultad en los cursos 2017-18 (1º) y 2018-19 (1º y 2º) con una participación de 12 tutores, 40 profesores y 365 alumnos. Se fundamenta cómo, tras los cambios curricular y metodológicos habidos en la universidad, es necesario replantear el sistema de evaluación, acorde con dichas transformaciones y con las tendencias actuales de evaluación en Educación Superior. Se detalla la estrategia de evaluación diseñada a partir del perfil profesional y de las competencias a desarrollar en ambos grados y que se articula alrededor de los Resultados de Aprendizaje. Se presenta, con detalle, cómo se implementa el nuevo modelo evaluativo en cuanto a los momentos en que se lleva a cabo, los procedimientos y acciones requeridas, los agentes implicados, los instrumentos utilizados, las interacciones y feedbacks proporcionados, y los criterios evaluativos y de obtención de calificaciones establecidos. Finalmente, y sin intención de obtener generalizaciones -al tratarse de una experiencia que está en proceso de desarrollo-, se reflexiona sobre los aspectos y temáticas clave que pueden facilitar -o bien dificultar- el asentamiento y consolidación de las transformaciones que este tipo de innovación impulsan

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Novel CTNNB1 Mutation in Pediatric Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is the primary malignant tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS) most common in pediatrics. We present here, the histological, molecular, and functional analysis of a cohort of 88 pediatric medulloblastoma tumor samples. The WNT-activated subgroup comprised 10% of our cohort, and all WNT-activated patients had exon 3 CTNNB1 mutations and were immunostained for nuclear β-catenin. One novel heterozygous CTNNB1 mutation was found, which resulted in the deletion of β-catenin Ser37 residue (ΔS37). The ΔS37 β-catenin variant ectopically expressed in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells displayed higher protein expression levels than wild-type β-catenin, and functional analysis disclosed gain-of-function properties in terms of elevated TCF/LEF transcriptional activity in cells. Our results suggest that the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of ΔS37 β-catenin contributed to early medulloblastoma tumorigenesis.This work was funded by Asociación Pablo Ugarte APU (BC/A/14/015), Pequerropa (BC/A/15/010), and the childhood cancer support Platform from EITB Media, SAU (BIO13/CI/016/BC). R.P. was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, grant number SAF2016-79847-R). C.E.N.-X. was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain and the European Social Fund+, grant number: CP20/00008). P.A.-P. was supported by a Basque Government fellowship (PRE_2020_2_0116)

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Contribution of Candida biomarkers and DNA detection for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in ICU patients with severe abdominal conditions

BACKGROUND: To assess the performance of Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA), (1 → 3)-ß-D-glucan (BDG), mannan antigen (mannan-Ag), anti-mannan antibodies (mannan-Ab), and Candida DNA for diagnosing invasive candidiasis (IC) in ICU patients with severe abdominal conditions (SAC). METHODS: A prospective study of 233 non-neutropenic patients with SAC on ICU admission and expected stay ≥ 7 days. CAGTA (cutoff positivity ≥ 1/160), BDG (≥80, 100 and 200 pg/mL), mannan-Ag (≥60 pg/mL), mannan-Ab (≥10 UA/mL) were measured twice a week, and Candida DNA only in patients treated with systemic antifungals. IC diagnosis required positivities of two biomarkers in a single sample or positivities of any biomarker in two consecutive samples. Patients were classified as neither colonized nor infected (n = 48), Candida spp. colonization (n = 154) (low-grade, n = 130; high-grade, n = 24), and IC (n = 31) (intra-abdominal candidiasis, n = 20; candidemia, n = 11). RESULTS: The combination of CAGTA and BDG positivities in a single sample or at least one of the two biomarkers positive in two consecutive samples showed 90.3 % (95 % CI 74.2–98.0) sensitivity, 42.1 % (95 % CI 35.2–98.8) specificity, and 96.6 % (95 % CI 90.5–98.8) negative predictive value. BDG positivities in two consecutive samples had 76.7 % (95 % CI 57.7–90.1) sensitivity and 57.2 % (95 % CI 49.9–64.3) specificity. Mannan-Ag, mannan-Ab, and Candida DNA individually or combined showed a low discriminating capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Positive Candida albicans germ tube antibody and (1 → 3)-ß-D-glucan in a single blood sample or (1 → 3)-ß-D-glucan positivity in two consecutive blood samples allowed discriminating invasive candidiasis from Candida spp. colonization in critically ill patients with severe abdominal conditions. These findings may be helpful to tailor empirical antifungal therapy in this patient population