SMART MOBILITY IN SMART CITIES

[EN] Cities are currently undergoing a transformation into the Smart concept, like Smartphones or SmartTV. Many initiatives are being developed in the framework of the Smart Cities projects, however, there is a lack of consistent indicators and methodologies to assess, finance, prioritize and implement this kind of projects. Smart Cities projects are classified according to six axes: Government, Mobility, Environment, Economy, People and Living. (Giffinger, 2007) The main objective of this research is to develop an evaluation model in relation to the mobility concept as one of the six axes of the Smart City classification and apply it to the Spanish cities. The evaluation was carried out in the 62 cities that made up in September 2015 the Spanish Network of Smart Cities (RECI- Red Española de Ciudades Inteligentes). This research is part of a larger project about Smart Cities’ evaluation (+CITIES), the project evaluates RECI’s cities in all the axes. The analysis was carried out taking into account sociodemographic indicators such as the size of the city or the municipal budget per inhabitant. The mobility’s evaluation in those cities has been focused in: sustainability mobility urban plans and measures to reduce the number of vehicles. The 62 cities from the RECI have been evaluated according to their degree of progress in several Smart Cities’ initiatives related to smart mobility. The applied methodology has been specifically made for this project. The grading scale has different ranks depending on the deployment level of smart cities’ initiatives.Moreno Alonso, C.; Baucells Aletà, N.; Arce Ruiz, RM. (2016). SMART MOBILITY IN SMART CITIES. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1209-1219. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3485OCS1209121

Green façades and in situ measurements of outdoor building thermal behaviour

Using green façades in large cities with hot climates has been introduced in the search for more sustainable solutions for urban development. This paper presents the data collected in situ and quantifies the thermal external behaviour of a green wall and a bare one in the same surrounding environment in the city centre of Madrid, Spain. The methodological approach helps to assess the impacts of both walls on the variation of the urban temperature range at the microclimate scale in accordance with environmental physical data at different seasons and times of the day. In the summer campaign, the maximum values of air temperature reduction as measured in situ range between 2.5 °C and 2.9 °C which confirmed the values of various other studies using similar measurements. In the autumn campaign, the maximum values were half of the ones obtained for the summer, not exceeding 1.5 °C. However, these values increased after calculating similar conditions of sunlight in both façades. This comparative analysis of the experimental results on a green wall and a bare wall demonstrates that green façades can have a significant temperature reduction potential in the surrounding microclimate.The authors are grateful to the European Union Erasmusþ Program for funding the Portuguese researchers' trips and visits to Madrid

Propuesta de indicadores para la sostenibilidad de las infraestructuras

El nuevo paradigma de la sostenibilidad, enmarcando el desarrollo en su triple dimensión, económica, social y ambiental, exige aunar esfuerzos en la planificación, construcción y gestión de las infraestructuras del transporte para intentar mejorar su sostenibilidad. En todas las fases de la cascada de decisiones, desde la planificación, en un nivel macro (territorial), hasta la construcción y la gestión en un nivel micro (proyecto concreto, empresa), es necesario definir indicadores que permitan medir las tendencias y los logros en el camino hacia la sostenibilidad. Esta definición es esencial, también, para establecer objetivos e introducir racionalidad en los procesos de decisión. En los niveles macro, los indicadores de sostenibilidad contribuirán, de alguna forma, a facilitar la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE), integrando las consideraciones de sostenibilidad en la evaluación de Planes y Programas, mientras los niveles de medición de la sostenibilidad de proyectos (más “micro”), se hallan cercanos a la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de proyectos. Se presenta en esta investigación una propuesta de indicadores de sostenibilidad que permiten evaluar una infraestructura genérica, tanto para ser utilizados en una valoración de nivel estratégico, como para valorar una infraestructura concreta, en un nivel más local

El medio ambiente y la sostenibilidad en las escuelas de ingeniería civil

El término “desarrollo sostenible”, acuñado, como es bien sabido, por el informe Brundtland en 1987, sobre la base de que "el uso actual de un recurso no debe comprometer su uso para las generaciones futuras", fue asumido por la Declaración de Río, en 1992, como el principio que debía presidir las actuaciones de desarrollo de los años sucesivos. Hoy muchos países han definido ya sus Estrategias Nacionales de Desarrollo Sostenible, y la Unión Europea ha publicado la Estrategia Europea de Desarrollo Sostenible, sentando los principios que deben presidir las actuaciones de desarrollo. Las nuevas preocupaciones sobre la sostenibilidad plantean también nuevos retos a los ingenieros civiles, cuya tarea está fuertemente ligada a la sostenibilidad. Retos para los que, en muchos casos, no están preparados. Esta comunicación analiza los puntos débiles y fuertes de la formación del ingeniero de caminos en relación con el nuevo paradigma de la sostenibilidad, teniendo en cuenta los cambios que se aproximan derivados de la Declaración de Bolonia

Dengue y leptospirosis compartiendo el mismo nicho ecológico en la localidad ribereña de Carmen del Paraná (Itapúa)

Para conocer la prevalencia de dengue y leptospirosis en pobladores de Carmen del Paraná (Itapúa) realizamos un estudio transversal descriptivo. Aplicamos un cuestionario y toma de muestras sanguíneas, mediante un muestreo por hogares. Los jefes de familia fueron informados sobre la metodología, beneficios, posibles riesgos a fin de decidir su participación o de sus familiares en el estudio. Por el método de ELISA determinamos la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-leptospira en 211 mujeres y 107 varones, contra el virus del dengue en 255 mujeres y 142 varones. Hallamos una seroprevalencia de dengue de 25% (IC 95%:20,7-29,4), no habiendo diferencia entre varones y mujeres. La prevalencia de leptospirosis fue de 24,1% (IC95%:19,6-29,2), siendo mayor en mujeres que en varones (28,4% vs 15,9%; p <0,05). La seroprevalencia de dengue fue más alta en los mayores de 35 años (36% vs 17%, p<0,001), mientras que la leptospirosis lo fue en menores de 15 años (48% vs 21,6%, p<0,001). El 8% de los individuos tenía serología positiva tanto para leptospira como para dengue. En esta comunidad, un importante número de individuos tiene riesgo de desarrollar dengue hemorrágico. La coexistencia de dengue y leptospirosis en el mismo nicho ecológico es importante porque al presentar características clínicas semejantes, implican un problema para el médico al momento de establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento apropiado, entonces sería importante el desarrollo de estrategias integrales de vigilancia epidemiológica, prevención y control de estas enfermedades que se basen en la participación conjunta del personal de salud, autoridades y comunidad

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30