Relations école-familles immigrantes à l’école franco-albertaine : perspectives des travailleurs en établissement en école

Depuis ces dernières années, les écoles francophones en Alberta, province de l’ouest canadien, sont marquées par une diversification ethnoculturelle importante de leur population scolaire, reflétant ainsi les changements migratoires récents au Canada. La population scolaire d’un conseil scolaire francophone situé dans une agglomération de l’Alberta reflète ces nouvelles tendances migratoires, puisqu’un portrait ethno-démographique partiel réalisé en 2003 dans six de ses écoles signale que 50 % des élèves sont issus de l’immigration et proviennent de 23 pays différents ; majoritairement des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Cette réalité démographique, qui se confirme plus d’une décennie plus tard, représente un changement structurel majeur pour les écoles francophones. En Alberta, comme dans d’autres provinces canadiennes, l’inclusion est au cœur du discours et des pratiques éducatives. À visée transformative, elle entend favoriser la prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle en salle de classe et l’égalité des chances par le biais de pratiques scolaires d’équité. Cet article se concentre sur la mise en place, en milieu francophone minoritaire, du dispositif des travailleurs en établissement en école (TEE) dans les établissements chargés de faire le lien entre les cultures familiales, communautaires et scolaires. L’analyse des entrevues de quatre de ces travailleurs éclaire, de leurs perspectives, les défis rencontrés par les élèves et les familles immigrantes dans leur processus d’adaptation à l’école franco-albertaine, ainsi que les stratégies de soutien qui leur sont apportées pour les relever.In recent years, Francophone schools in Alberta, a province in western Canada, have seen significant ethno-cultural diversification of their school population, thus reflecting recent migratory changes in Canada. The school population of a Francophone school board located in an agglomeration of Alberta reflects these new migratory trends. A partial ethno-demographic portrait carried out in 2003 in six of its schools indicates that 50% of the pupils come from an immigrant background and come from 23 different countries; mostly from sub-Saharan African countries. This demographic reality, confirmed more than a decade later, represents a major structural change for Francophone schools. In Alberta, as in other Canadian provinces, inclusion is at the heart of discourse and educational practices. With a transformative aim, it intends to promote ethno-cultural diversity in the classroom and equal opportunities through school equity practices. This article focuses on the Settlement workers in schools responsible for bridging family, community and school cultures. The analysis of the interviews of the four workers sheds light on and questions both the institutional practices and the personal strategies put in place to face the challenges encountered in this tripartite collaboration

Structure-based virtual screening to get new scaffold inhibitors of the Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB from mycobacterium tuberculosis

In search of new inhibitors of the Ser/Thr protein kinase PknB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis we carried out a structure-based virtual screening study to identify ATP-competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. These studies point out that N-phenylmethylindole-2-carboxamide is a promising scaffold for the development of new PknB inhibitors. We synthesized a small set of analogue compounds to assess the pharmacophore structural requirements and to optimize the inhibitory activity against PknB. This strategy led to the identification of compound 3, endowed with an IC50 of 20 μM, which provides a novel scaffold for further improvement of PknB inhibitors

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Towards the structural screening of mircobial ecosystems

International audienc

Activation profiling of PknB, an essential Ser/Thr Protein Kinase from<em> mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>

National audienc

Modélisation des protéines

Connaître les bases de la modélisation moléculaire : modélisation par homologie, arrimage (docking) de ligands, mutations in silico. Une demi-journée dédiée à la modélisation de vos protéines d'intérêts

Biochemical and structural organization of the unique phosphatase of Orf virus

International audienc

Overview of selected projects in 3D modelling

National audienc