Usages et représentations de la punition : étude de cas au sein d’un lycée général et technologique de la proche banlieue toulousaine

La question que nous nous posons, de manière primordiale, est celle des finalités de la punition et du rapport aux normes scolaires entretenu par les enseignants. Quelles sont les stratégies mises en place pour punir moins ? Pour punir mieux ? Pour éviter de punir ? Et plus globalement : comment la punition s’inscrit-elle dans le cadre de la gestion de la classe par l’enseignant ?Pour répondre à ces questions le choix a été fait de privilégier une approche dite «pragmatique» en sociologie.Afin de mieux saisir les fonctions et finalités des punitions dans les lycées aujourd’hui et pour mieux cerner les différentes configurations d’assujettissement pensées par les enseignants, nous allons nous pencher sur la gestion de classe dans le cadre d’un style d’enseignement particulier, sur les modalités d’intervention qui sont privilégiées par les acteurs, puis dans un second temps il sera question de la punition telle que se la représentent les enquêtés, en pointant aussi ses limites et son caractère potentiellement contre-productif

Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: a review of fiber size toxicity.

International audienceThe fibrogenicity and carcinogenicity of asbestos fibers are dependent on several fiber parameters including fiber dimensions. Based on the WHO (World Health Organization) definition, the current regulations focalise on long asbestos fibers (LAF) (Length: L ≥ 5 μm, Diameter: D  3). However air samples contain short asbestos fibers (SAF) (L < 5 μm). In a recent study we found that several air samples collected in buildings with asbestos containing materials (ACM) were composed only of SAF, sometimes in a concentration of ≥10 fibers.L-1. This exhaustive review focuses on available information from peer-review publications on the size-dependent pathogenetic effects of asbestos fibers reported in experimental in vivo and in vitro studies. In the literature, the findings that SAF are less pathogenic than LAF are based on experiments where a cut-off of 5 μm was generally made to differentiate short from long asbestos fibers. Nevertheless, the value of 5 μm as the limit for length is not based on scientific evidence, but is a limit for comparative analyses. From this review, it is clear that the pathogenicity of SAF cannot be completely ruled out, especially in high exposure situations. Therefore, the presence of SAF in air samples appears as an indicator of the degradation of ACM and inclusion of their systematic search should be considered in the regulation. Measurement of these fibers in air samples will then make it possible to identify pollution and anticipate health risk

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Le gouvernement de la santé (l'exemple du cancer)

À partir de la généalogie de l objet médical cancer , nous explorons à l aide des outils conceptuels et théoriques de Michel Foucault les différents champs touchés par la maladie, comprise comme fait total. À partir de là, il nous paraît intéressant d explorer les dimensions politiques, sociales, symboliques, psychologiques et culturelles de la maladie. Nous partons du cancer comme produit du savoir médical pour tenter de comprendre par la suite en quoi celui-ci échappe à la médecine pour devenir un objet de souci politique des populations. La perspective biopolitique est essentielle dans notre démarche, et c est en passant par ce prisme que nous pouvons ensuite aborder les questions des structures politiques incorporées, et des rapports du corps à l institution, avant d insister sur la question des modes de subjectivation, ou comment le cancer apparaît comme objet d une remise en question de l individu porteur de sens. Vivre avec la maladie nécessite de mettre en cohérence tous les pans de son existence en passant par le récit de soi ainsi qu en intégrant tout un discours normatif de la part d experts en subjectivité. Nous trouvons donc imbriquées un certain nombre de dimensions d un même souci de la santé, qui se retrouve agencé sous la forme du gouvernement : la santé comme objet politique qui nécessite des actions particulières, la santé comme production de dispositifs sociaux, de rapports de pouvoir, et la santé comme objet d un rapport à soi. Ce qui nous intéresse tout particulièrement, c est de tenter de démontrer en quoi le travail politique autour de ces enjeux de santé influe très nettement sur la vie psychique, et même intime, des individus, malades ou non.Starting from the genealogy of cancer as a medical object, we explore all experience fields affected by this disease using Michel Foucault s theoretical and conceptual toolbox. We chose to consider the disease as a total fact. Then it appeared interesting to explore the social, political, anthropological, psychological and cultural dimensions of the disease. Medical knowledge produced cancer as a united reality although it escaped medicine to become an object of the political care of population. A biopolitic perspective is fundamental in our approach as it is the mean by which we may be able to address the matter of incorporated political structures, of relations from the body to institution, and to insist on the forms of subjectification issue. Cancer serves as a mediation for calling into question the individual weltanschauung (conception of life). Living with the disease forces oneself to rebuild a coherent self unificating the various experiences and events he went through using self-related narratives and internalizing a normative speech held by subjectivity experts. All dimensions of the human life imbricate within the care of health. It can be understood in a governmental form, for health is a political object that needs peculiar actions to be encouraged or protected. Health, therefore, can be seen as a product of social apparatuses, power relations, and relations to oneself. What sparks us particularly is to demonstrate how the political work about health stakes has a great influence on the psychic life, and even the intimate life, of individuals, sick or not.NICE-BU Lettres Arts Sci.Hum. (060882104) / SudocSudocFranceF

OPTIMISATION COMBINATOIRE PAR ENTROPIE CROISÉE : APPLICATION À DES PROBLÈMES DE GRANDES TAILLES DANS LES ENTREPÔTS LOGISTIQUES

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceL’objectif de cette étude est de présenter la méthode de l’entropie croisée pour trouver un placement des produits performant pour un système de préparation de commandes. Ce type de problème intitulé SAP ou SLAP pour Storage Assignment Problem ou Storage Location Assignment Problem consiste à définir l’affectation des produits dans les diff _erentes emplacements de picking du système de préparation de commandes, sous un certain nombre de contraintes (type de support de stockage, contraintes capacitaires, foisonnement lors de la préparation, ...). Nous allons montrer que la méthode de l’entropie croisée est facilement et efficacement applicable à un tel problème puis nous allons d _evelopper cette méthode sur un exemple concret pour en montrer les performances