Stress organizacional: estudo de caso numa Instituição particular do Ensino Básico

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos del estrés en los empleados de una Escuela privada de Educación Básica. Se pretende analizar las características profesionales e individuales de los maestros y de los empleados para encontrar sus consecuencias en la auto percepción del estrés. La muestra está compuesta por el número total de profesores y empleados de la escuela. El cuestionario sobre "El estrés en un lugar de trabajo" (Karasek, 1985) se utilizó como un instrumento de medida. Este presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas tanto para la escala global, como para las cinco subescalas: requisitos de trabajo, toma de decisiones de la autoridad, condiciones y apoyo el empleo por los jefes y por los compañeros de trabajo. Se encontró que las principales fuentes que generan estrés en los colaboradores de la institución analizada son: Hipótesis 1: encuentra apoyo empírico sólo en la subescala de condiciones de empleo: las mujeres muestran un mayor grado de estrés que los colaboradores masculinos. Hipótesis 2: verfica los requisitos de trabajo y el apoyo de los jefes y compañeros de trabajo, apuntando a los niveles más bajos en los trabajadores con más años de experiencia. Hipótesis 3, en relación con el efecto de la edad, no mostró apoyo empírico.The present research aims to analyze the effects of stress on the employees of a private school of basic education. We intend to analyze both the professional and individual characteristics of the teachers and of the employees and to find its consequences on self perceived stress. The sample is composed by the total number of teachers and employees of the school. The questionnaire about “Stress in a Work Place” (Karasek, 1985) was used as a measure instrument. It presented adequate psychometric properties for the global scale as well as for the five subscales: “Work Requirements, Decision-making Authority, Employment Conditions and Support by Heads and Coworkers”. We found that the main sources that generate stress on collaborators of the reporting institution are in employment conditions. “Hypothesis 1” found empirical support only to the subscale employment conditions: women show a higher degree of stress than male collaborators. “Hypothesis 2” was verified for the work requirements and for the support by heads and coworkers, pointing to lower levels in workers with more years of experience. “Hypothesis 3”, concerning the effect of the age, didn’t show empirical support.A presente investigação tem como objectivo principal estudar o stress nos colaboradores de uma instituição particular de Ensino Básico. Procurou-se analisar as características profissionais e individuais do pessoal docente e não docente e averiguar as suas repercussões no stress autopercebido. A amostra é composta pela totalidade dos docentes e não docentes da instituição. Como instrumento de medida foi utilizado o “Questionário sobre o Stress no Local de Trabalho” (Karasek, 1985), tendo apresentado adequadas propriedades psicométricas, tanto para a escala global como para as cinco subescalas constituintes: “Requisitos do trabalho, Autoridade decisória, Discriminação de tarefas, Condições de emprego e Apoio dos chefes e colegas”. Verificámos que as principais fontes geradoras de stress dos colaboradores da instituição residem nas “Condições de emprego”. A “Hipótese 1” encontrou suporte empírico apenas para a subescala “Condições de emprego”: as mulheres apresentam um grau superior de stress comparativamente aos colaboradores do sexo masculino. A “Hipótese 2” verificou-se para os “Requisitos do trabalho” e para o “Apoio dos chefes e colegas”, apontando para níveis inferiores nos trabalhadores com mais anos de experiência. A “Hipótese 3”, referente ao efeito da idade, não encontrou suporte empírico.peerReviewe

Emotional intelligence and the protection of organizational stress

En el presente documento tratamos de lograr comprender los agentes inductores del estrés y sus efectos sobre los empleados de las organizaciones nacionales, analizando hasta qué punto la inteligencia emocional puede funcionar como factor de protección frente al mismo. La muestra está compuesta por 301 empleados, hombres y mujeres, de organizaciones nacionales, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 67 años y con diversas calificaciones académicas y funciones organizacionales. Como medidas, diseñamos una medida de estrés organizacional y utilizamos la escala de inteligencia emocional (Rego et al., 2007). Analizamos la construcción de la inteligencia emocional como un repertorio de habilidades psicológicas adquiridas y exploramos sus contribuciones frente a los desafíos en el campo organizacional. Encontramos apoyo empírico a la hipótesis de que el estrés organizacional se correlaciona negativamente con la inteligencia emocional, que actúa como un factor de protección frente al mismo. Los resultados se discutieron considerando las principales fuentes generadoras de estrés organizacional y la forma en que la inteligencia emocional puede constituir factores de protección en los empleados.In the present paper we tried to achieve an understanding about the inducing agents of Stress and their effects on the employees of national organizations, analyzing the extent to which Emotional Intelligence can function as a protection factor of Organizational Stress. The sample is composed of 301 employees, male and female of national organizations, aged between 18 and 67 and with diverse academic qualifications and organizational functions. As measures we built a measure of Organizational Stress and we used the Emotional Intelligence scale (Rego et al., 2007). We analyzed the construct of Emotional Intelligence as a repertoire of acquired psychological skills and we explored its contributions facing the challenges in the organizational field. We found empirical support to the hypothesis that Organizational Stress correlates negatively with Emotional Intelligence, which acts as a protection factor of Organizational Stress. The results were discussed considering the main generating sources of Organizational Stress and the way as Emotional Intelligence may constitute protection factors of the referred stress in employees.peerReviewe

Bem-Estar Subjetivo de idosos; Lar de 3ª idade; Serviço de apoio ao domicílio

Introducción: El bienestar subjetivo ha sido abordado en el desarrollo del adulto y relacionado con la salud mental, aunque existe la necesidad de evaluar el impacto de las respuestas sociales a disposición de las personas mayores en el bienestar. Objetivos: El objetivo es evaluar y comparar la percepción de bienestar subjetivo en las respuestas sociales en los hogares de la 3ª edad y el servicio de apoyo domiciliario. Se analizan los efectos de la edad, el estado de salud, el sexo, el estado civil y la inclusión (o no) en las actividades de ocio en la autopercepción del bienestar subjetivo de las personas mayores. Desarrollo / Método: Se aplicó la revisada Escala del Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGCMS-R) a una muestra de ancianos institucionalizados, enun Hogar de la 3ª edad, a una de no institucionalizados y a los usuarios del Servicio a domicilio. Los resultados mostraron una superioridad en la percepción de bienestar subjetivo de los ancianos no institucionalizados en comparación con los institucionalizados, y los hombres sobre las mujeres. No hubo efecto en relación a la edad. Las personas mayores no casadas o divorciados tienen una mejor percepción del bienestar subjetivo, seguido de los casados y viudos. El número de enfermedades marcadas se correlacionó negativamente con el estado de salud. Por último, la tercera edad activa que se inserta en las actividades culturales tienen una mejor sensación de bienestar subjetivo en comparación con aquellos que desarrollaron actividades pasivas. Conclusión: Se encontró que hay factores en el bienestar subjetivo asociados a la institucionalización, como la dependencia física, la vejez y viudez. El vivir en la comunidad está asociado a los más jóvenes, los niveles más altos de autonomía física, excepto los viudos, y por lo tanto con una mejor comprensión del bienestar subjetivo.Introduction: Subjective well-being has been addressed in adult development and related to mental health, although there is a need to assess the impact of social responses available to the elderly in welfare. Objectives: The objective is to evaluate and compare the perception of subjective well-being in social responses in the 3rd age homes and home support services. the effects of age, health status, sex, marital status and inclusion (not) in leisure activities in the self-perception of subjective well-being of the elderly. Development / Method: The revised scale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGCMS-R) to a sample of institutionalized elderly, home of the 3rd age, noninstitutionalized and users of the Service Delivery was applied. The results showed a superiority in the perception of subjective well-being of the non-institutionalized elderly compared to institutionalized, and men over women.There was no effect in relation to age. Older unmarried or divorced people have a better perception of subjective well-being, followed by married and widowed. The number of labeled diseases is negatively correlated with health status. Finally, active seniors and inserted in cultural activities have a better sense of subjective well-being compared with those who developed passive activities. Conclusion: We found that there are factors in subjective well-being associated with institutionalization, such as physical dependence, old age and widowed. Living in the community it is associated with younger, higher levels of physical, less widowhood and therefore a better understanding of subjective well-being.Introdução: O Bem-Estar subjetivo tem sido abordado no âmbito do desenvolvimento do adulto e relacionado com a saúde mental, embora se verifique a necessidade de avaliar as repercussões das respostas sociais disponíveis ao idoso no referido bem-estar. Objetivos: Pretende-se avaliar e comparar a percepção do bem-estar subjetivo nas respostas sociais Lar de 3ª Idade e Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário. Analisam-se os efeitos das variáveis idade, estado de saúde, género, estado civil e (não)inserção em atividades de lazer na autopercepção do bem-estar subjetivo dos idosos. Desenvolvimento/Método: Aplicouse a Revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Scale (PGCMS-R) a uma amostra de idosos institucionalizados, em lar de 3ª idade, e não institucionalizados, utentes do Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário. Os resultados evidenciaram uma superioridade na percepção do bem-estar subjetivo dos idosos não institucionalizados comparativamente aos institucionalizados, bem como dos homens em relação às mulheres. Não se registou qualquer efeito da idade. Os idosos solteiros ou divorciados apresentaram uma melhor percepção do bem-estar subjetivo, seguindose os casados e os viúvos. O número de doenças assinalado mostrou-se negativamente correlacionado com o estado de saúde. Por último, os idosos ativos e inseridos em atividades culturais apresentaram uma melhor percepção do bem-estar subjetivo comparativamente aqueles que desenvolveram atividades passivas. Conclusão: Verificou-se que existem fatores no bem-estar subjetivo associados à institucionalização, tais como a dependência física, idade avançada e viuvez. O residir na comunidade está asociado a menos idade, maiores índices de autonomia física, menos viuvez e consequentemente a uma melhor percepção do Bem-Estar Subjetivo.peerReviewe

Capital psicológico dos indivíduos: quais contribuições para as organizações?

The research about positive psychology establishes a link between high levels of optimism and hope with the physiological state and psychological well-being of individuals. The present article analyses the Psychological Capital and its pertinence in the current contextualization of organizations. The following are considered POB (Positive Organizational Behaviour) states: hope, resilience, trust and optimism. The sample is composed by 301 employees from Portuguese organizations, aged between 18 and 67 and with diverse academic qualifications and organizational functions. We applied the PsyCap Questionnaire (Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio, 2007), comprising four factors: Hope, Resilience, Optimism, and Self efficiency. The results indicate that the highest score corresponds to Self-efficiency, followed by Hope, Resilience and, lastly, Optimism. The psychological capital is analyzed according to personal data (gender, age, and academic qualifications), information concerning professional status (professional situation, time of work in the organization, managerial duties performance, and liquid monthly salary), and the organizational variables (size of the organization). The results are discussed taking into account the contributions of positive psychological capital, and the impact of current crisis scenario in lower levels of optimism.A investigação sobre psicologia positiva estabelece uma relação entre níveis elevados de otimismo e de esperança com estados fisiológicos e psicológicos de bem-estar dos indivíduos. O presenta artigo abordada o Capital Psicológico e a sua pertinência na contextualização atual das organizações. Consideram-se como estados POB (Positive Organizational Behavior) a esperança, a resiliência, a confiança e o otimismo. A amostra é composta por 301 colaboradores de organizações portuguesas, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 67 anos e com diversas habilitações académicas e funções organizacionais. Aplicámos o PsyCap Questionnaire (Luthans, Youssef, y Avolio, 2007), composto por quatro fatores: Esperança, Resiliência, Otimismo e Autoeficácia. Os resultados indicam que a pontuação mais elevada corresponde à Autoeficácia, seguindo-se a Esperança, a Resiliência e, por último, o Otimismo. O capital psicológico é analisado em função de dados pessoais (género, idade e habilitações literárias), de informações referentes à condição profissional (situação profissional, tempo de trabalho na organização, desempenho de funções de chefia e vencimento líquido mensal) e a variáveis organizacionais (dimensão da organização). Os resultados são discutidos atendendo aos contributos do capital psicológico positivo e ao cenário de crise atual se repercutir em níveis menores de otimismo

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe