Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders

Neuroimaging studies have gained increasing importance in validating neurobiological network hypotheses for anxiety disorders. Functional imaging procedures and radioligand binding studies in healthy subjects and in patients with anxiety disorders provide growing evidence of the existence of a complex anxiety network, including limbic, brainstem, temporal, and prefrontal cortical regions. Obviously, “normal anxiety” does not equal “pathological anxiety” although many phenomena are evident in healthy subjects, however to a lower extent. Differential effects of distinct brain regions and lateralization phenomena in different anxiety disorders are mentioned. An overview of neuroimaging investigations in anxiety disorders is given after a brief summary of results from healthy volunteers. Concluding implications for future research are made by the authors

Sex differences modulating serotonergic polymorphisms implicated in the mechanistic pathways of risk for depression and related disorders:

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137310/1/jnr23877.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137310/2/jnr23877_am.pd

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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L'insegnamento della lingua italiana all'estero. Francia, Gran Bretagna, Germania, Spagna, Canada, Stati Uniti, Argentina, Brasile, Australia

Vasta rassegna sull'insegnamento dell'italiano nei maggiori paesi europei ed extraeuropei.- Indice #9- Presentazione #17- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Francia, Adelin Fiorato, Patrick Mariani, Frédéric Vinson #21- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Gran Bretagna, Laura Lepschy, Brian Richardson, Edward J. T. Williams, Ann Vroudfoof #57- L’insegnamento dell’italiano nella Repubblica federale tedesca, Hermann Neumeister #87- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Spagna, Bernardo Fáñez Pérez #139- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Canada, Anthony Mollica #181- L’insegnamento dell’italiano negli Stati Uniti, Edoardo A. Lebano #213- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Argentina, Carlos Martin Calcopietro, Marta Gabriela Michetti #243- Recenti riforme legislative sull’insegnamento dell’italiano in Argentina e iniziative per la formazione dei docenti, Dea Pellegrini #269- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Brasile, Euclides Antônio Lazzarotto #303- L’insegnamento dell’italiano in Australia, Camilla Bettoni, Bruno Di Biase #333- Bibliografia #36

Association between subcortical volumes and verbal memory in unmedicated depressed patients and healthy controls

Research has shown poor performance on verbal memory tasks in patients with major depressive disorder relative to healthy controls, as well as structural abnormalities in the subcortical structures that form the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuitry. Few studies, however, have attempted to link the impairments in learning and memory in depression with these structural abnormalities, and of those which have done so, most have included patients medicated with psychotropic agents likely to influence cognitive performance. This study thus examines the relationship between subcortical structural abnormalities and verbal memory using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) in unmedicated depressed patients. A T1 weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan and the CVLT were obtained on 45 subjects with major depressive disorder and 44 healthy controls. Using the FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) volumes of selected subcortical structures were segmented and correlated with CVLT performance. Depressed participants showed significantly smaller right thalamus and right hippocampus volumes than healthy controls. Depressed participants also showed impaired performance on global verbal learning ability, and appeared to depend upon an inferior memory strategy (serial clustering). Measures of serial clustering were correlated significantly with right hippocampal volumes in depressed participants. Our findings indicate that depressed participants and healthy controls differ in the memory strategies they employ, and that while depressed participants had a smaller hippocampal volume, there was a positive correlation between volume and use of an inferior memory strategy. This suggests that larger hippocampal volume is related to better memory recall in depression, but specifically with regard to utilizing an inferior memory strategy