\u3ci\u3eAmerican Express\u3c/i\u3e, the Rule of Reason, and the Goals of Antitrust

I. Introduction II. The Debate over the Consumer Welfare Standard III. Applying the Rule of Reason ... A. The General Framework ... B. Step One ... C. Muddying the Waters ... D. The Bottom Line: An Analytical Mess IV. The Rule of Reason and Multi-Sided Platforms V. Missing in Action: The Consumer Welfare Standard VI. Conclusio

The Mozambican Miner: A study in the export of labour

Marc Wuyts' copy of the Mozambican Miner report. A report on Mozambican miners produced by the Centro de Estudos Africanos at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, 1977. The research was directed by Ruth First and conducted by up to 40 other researchers and activists

General Bilinear Forms

We introduce the new notion of general bilinear forms (generalizing sesquilinear forms) and prove that for every ring $R$ (not necessarily commutative, possibly without involution) and every right $R$-module $M$ which is a generator (i.e. $R_R$ is a summand of $M^n$ for some $n\in\N$), there is a one-to-one correspondence between the anti-automorphisms of \End(M) and the general regular bilinear forms on $M$, considered up to similarity. This generalizes a well-known similar correspondence in the case $R$ is a field. We also demonstrate that there is no such correspondence for arbitrary $R$-modules. We use the generalized correspondence to show that there is a canonical set isomorphism between the orbits of the left action of \Inn(R) on the anti-automorphisms of $R$ and the orbits of the left action of \Inn(M_n(R)) on the anti-automorphisms of $M_n(R)$, provided $R_R$ is the only right $R$-module $N$ satisfying $N^n\cong R^n$. We also prove a variant of a theorem of Osborn. Namely, we classify all semisimple rings with involution admitting no non-trivial idempotents that are invariant under the involution.Comment: 26 page