The post-dictatorship memory politics in Portugal that erased political violence from the collective memory

UID/HIS/04209/2013Former clandestine militants’ voices and stories have been recurrently silenced in the Portuguese “battle over memory”, because their activities were linked to events, such as the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which have themselves been politically and socially depreciated in mainstream political narratives. Only recently did the traditional political narratives start to be questioned and debated by Portuguese scholars. Such political narratives took root in the country in the decades that followed the April Revolution, with various scholars and politicians denying the fascist categorisation of Estado Novo and adopting an authoritarian, non-totalitarian and non-fascist perspective, while recurrently depicting the Revolution as highly negative (namely as the source of the economic troubles of the country). Thus, for a long time, Portuguese conservatives opted to avoid debates on the 48 years of the Estado Novo’s regime which, among other things, maintained a very repressive and violent political police force, a camp of forced labour in Cape Vert known as Tarrafal, and a Colonial War on three African fronts. This article examines the existent academic publications which counter such oblivion of memory regarding armed struggle in Portugal. It also explores the reasons behind, on the one hand, the whitewashing of Estado Novo and the historical revisionism typical of the 1970s and 1980s, and, on the other hand, the “rebellion of memory” which emerged in the 1990s.authorsversionpublishe

The Narrative Restraints to Lethal Violence among Radical Left Organisations in Portugal

UIDB/04209/2020 UIDP/04209/2020This article presents a historical case study of three armed organisations that operated in Portugal before and after the April Revolution of 1974. This event put an end to Estado Novo’s authoritarian regime, starting a period of transition to democracy. The armed organisations operating during Estado Novo sought, essentially, to combat the dictatorship and the Colonial War. These organisations channelled their actions towards the destruction of the regime’s repressive and colonial apparatus, but refused to use lethal violence. During the transition to democracy, disillusionment caused by the negative outcome of the revolutionary process and the end of the utopia of the socialist revolution led some sectors of the radical left to return to armed struggle. This time, such actors targeted both property and human beings but were highly selective in their targeting. We analyse the narratives of restraint of former militants from across these groups, and consider how they were shaped by the evolving socio-political context. In the case of the pre-revolution organisations, we found two collectively accepted narratives inscribed in their genesis: lethal violence as counterproductive and lethal violence as philosophically and ideologically problematic. In the case of the post-revolution organisation we found one restraint narrative shared by the collective: indiscriminate lethal violence is counterproductive. Some militants also developed a restraint narrative that centred on disappointment with the organisation for its perceived operational failures. This study is based on a narrative analysis of data dispersed across personal and public archives, writings, and memoirs of individuals directly and indirectly involved in the armed struggle, with data collected through interviews with former politically violent militantspublishersversionpublishe

Sentido de coerência e adesão ao regime terapêutico: um estudo de associação em pessoas com hipertensão arterial com assistência de saúde em cuidados de saúde primários

Dissertação de mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária apresentada na Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloA hipertensão arterial constitui-se como uma doença crónica e um fator de risco para o aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares, impondo-se como um relevante problema de saúde pública. O diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial leva à drástica alteração no estilo de vida das pessoas, exigindo a cooperação das mesmas, sendo de extrema importância o planeamento de estratégias preventivas e de promoção da saúde eficazes. Neste sentido, consideramos que urge desenvolver intervenções de promoção da saúde para garantir a adesão ao regime terapêutico, na qual a integração do conceito de sentido de coerência constitui um fator inovador nas políticas de saúde e um aliado para a prestação de cuidados personalizados a cada indivíduo/família. Neste estudo temos como objetivo analisar a relação entre o sentido de coerência e a adesão ao regime terapêutico, nas pessoas com hipertensão arterial, com vigilância de saúde em Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Para tal, desenvolvemos um estudo do tipo descritivo – correlacional, observacional e transversal, com uma amostra de 332 pessoas com hipertensão arterial, com assistência de saúde em Cuidados de Saúde Primários. A recolha de dados decorreu de 6 de fevereiro a 31 de março de 2014, através de um questionário de caracterização pessoal, escala de Graffar adaptada, teste de medida de adesão aos tratamentos, questionário IPAQ – versão curta, questionário de cuidados dietéticos e questionário “Orientação para viver”. A população é, maioritariamente, do sexo feminino, casados ou a viver em união de facto, da classe média baixa, sendo o grupo etário mais representado o de 64 ou menos anos. A maioria revelou excesso de peso (46,3% dos homens e 38,6% das mulheres) ou obesidade classe I (29,6% dos homens e 29,9% das mulheres), perímetro abdominal elevado (22,3% dos homens e 44,3% das mulheres), aspetos que se constituem como fatores de risco para o aparecimento de complicações cardiovasculares. Constatámos o predomínio de pessoas com valores tensionais elevados (60,8%) e que os fármacos mais utilizados foram os diuréticos (59,5%). Os valores do sentido de coerência para cada uma das dimensões encontram-se próximos dos valores médios dos itens (4,5), o que não revela um elevado sentido de coerência. Pudemos ainda observar que a adesão ao regime terapêutico revelou-se elevada na adesão medicamentosa (média de 5,63 ± 0,46), fraca na adesão à atividade física, visto que 47,0% refere atividade física baixa e boa na adesão aos cuidados dietéticos.Constatámos que o consumo de álcool era elevado. O consumo de tabaco revelou-se baixo e é exclusivo dos homens, perdurando no tempo (média de 39,82 ± 22,21 anos). As correlações entre o sentido de coerência e a adesão medicamentosa, o consumo de gorduras e consumo de carnes gordas são muito baixas. O mesmo não podemos dizer quando relacionamos sentido de coerência e o consumo de fritos onde verificámos que é baixa, o que poderá sugerir que outros fatores influenciam a adesão ao regime terapêutico. A consulta de enfermagem constitui uma ferramenta útil para a capacitação da pessoa com hipertensão arterial, possibilitando uma promoção de saúde personalizada, visando melhorar a adesão ao regime terapêutico.Hypertension has been established as a chronic disease and a major risk factor for the onset of cardiovascular disease, imposing itself as a relevant public health problem. Its diagnosis leads to a drastic change in people´s lifestyle, requiring their cooperation, which is extremely important for planning preventive and effective health promotion strategies. We consider that it is urgent to develop health promotion interventions to ensure adherence to the therapeutic regimen, in which the integration of the concept of sense of coherence is an innovative factor in health policy and an ally to providing personalized care to each individual/family. In this study we aim to analyze the relationship between sense of coherence and adherence to therapeutic regimen in persons with hypertension, being followed in Primary Health Care. Therefore, we developed a descriptive-correlational, observational and cross-sectional study, with a sample of 332 people with hypertension, followed in Primary Health Care. Data collection took place from February 6 to March 31, 2014, through a questionnaire of personal characterization, adapted Graffar scale, measuring test for treatment adherence, IPAQ - short version and the dietetic care questionnaire "Orientation to live". Population is mostly female, married or living in a consensual union, from lower middle class, being the most represented age group of 64 or less years. Mostly revealed overweight (46.3% of men and 38.6% of women) or obesity type 1 (29.6% men and 29.9% women) and large waist (22.3% men and 44.3% women), all these aspects constitute a greater risk for cardiovascular complications. People with high blood pressure levels (60.8%) and the use of diuretics (59.5%), appeared as most prevalent. The values of the sense of coherence for each of the dimensions are close to the average values of items (4.5), which does not reveal a high sense of coherence. We could also observe that the adherence to the therapeutic regimen proved to be high on medication adherence, low on adherence to physical activity (mean 5.63 ± 0.46), where as 47.0% report low physical activity and good adherence to dietetic care. We also found high use of alcohol, but use of Tobacco proved to be low and exclusive of men, lasting in time (mean de 39, 82 ± 22.21 years). Correlations between sense of coherence and medication adherence, consumption of fats and consumption of fatty meat is very low. The same cannot be said when we relate sense of coherence and the consumption of fried, which may suggest that other factors influence adherence to treatment regimen. The nursing appointment is a useful tool to empower people with hypertension, enabling a personalized health promotion aiming to improve adherence to treatment regimen

O trabalho autobiográfico de Louise Bourgeois e o discurso autobiográfico filosófico

O trabalho denominado como autobiográfico é diverso na sua forma, podendo ser uma manifestação de cariz artístico, literário ou filosófico. A presente dissertação procura investigar as particularidades da forma autobiográfica, os objectivos do autor perante a sua obra e a sua recepção no campo público. Para tal, traz-se para análise: a obra escultórica de Louise Bourgeois para chegar a um entendimento sobre a forma artística da autobiografia; os Cadernos do Subterrâneo de Fiódor Dostoiévski que é exemplo controverso de uma obra autobiográfica literária; e as Confissões de Jean- Jacques Rousseau e Santo Agostinho que nos permitem experienciar uma obra autobiográfica com preocupações características de uma investigação filosófica. Pretende-se compreender a autobiografia na sua generalidade, tanto do ponto de vista do autor como do seu receptor

Adolescentes com DM1: conhecimento acerca da doença e dificuldades no autocuidado

Background: type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease increasingly prevalent in children, thus it is essential to encourage adherence to self-care and minimize the difficulties experienced. Objectives: characterize the knowledge of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus about their disease and identify their difficulties in self-care. Methodology: quantitative, simple descriptive study. Application of Knowledge Test of Adolescents with DM1 about the disease and the Inventory of Difficulties in Self-Care Roles by Flora & Gameiro (2016). Data collected between june and november 2021 at Diabetes Consultation of a Hospital in the central region of Portugal. Sample of 34 diabetic adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 (±2.3) years. Results: in overall knowledge, adolescents show a level of knowledge between reasonable and good, and it is in domain 1 (Nature of the disease/physiopathology) where they show the best level of knowledge. In the difficulties in the self-care roles, they show higher percentages of difficulty in maintaining a balanced diet, fighting stress and interventions when facing hypoglycemia. Conclusion: adolescents have difficulties in self-care roles, and the nurses\u27 intervention in the implementation of adjusted therapeutic plans is essential to overcome the knowledge gaps and reduce the identified difficultiesMarco Contextual: la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica cada vez más prevalente en niños, por lo que es fundamental fomentar la adherencia al autocuidado y minimizar las dificultades que experimentan. Objetivos: caracterizar el conocimiento de los adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 sobre su enfermedad e identificar sus dificultades en el autocuidado. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples. Aplicação de Test de Conocimientos de Adolescentes con DM1 sobre la enfermedad y el Inventario de Dificultades en los Roles de Autocuidado de Flora & Gameiro (2016). Datos recogidos entre junio y noviembre de 2021 en la Consulta de Diabetes de un Hospital de la región central de Portugal. Muestra de 34 adolescentes diabéticos con edad media de 14,9 (±2,3) años. Resultados: en el conocimiento global, los adolescentes muestran un nivel de conocimiento entre razonable y bueno, y es en el dominio 1 (Naturaleza de la enfermedad/fisiopatología) donde muestran el mejor nivel de conocimiento. En cuanto a las dificultades en las funciones de autocuidado, estos pacientes mostraron mayores porcentajes de dificultad para mantener una dieta equilibrada, combatir el estrés e intervenir ante una hipoglucemia. Conclusión: adolescentes tienen una dificultad para los en los roles de autocuidado, siendo fundamental la intervención del enfermero en la implementación de planes terapéuticos ajustados, con el fin de llenar los vacíos de conocimiento y reducir las dificultades identificadas.Enquadramento: a Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 enquanto doença crónica é, cada vez mais prevalente, em idade pediátrica, sendo fundamental o incentivo de adesão ao autocuidado e a minimização das dificuldades sentidas. Objetivos: caracterizar o conhecimento de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 acerca da sua doença e identificar as suas dificuldades no autocuidado. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples. Aplicação do Teste de Conhecimento dos Adolescentes com DM1 acerca da doença e o Inventário de Dificuldades nos Papéis de Autocuidado de Flora & Gameiro (2016). Recolha de dados de junho a novembro de 2021, na Consulta de Diabetes de um Hospital da região centro de Portugal. Amostra de 34 adolescentes com média de idades de 14.9 (±2.3) anos. Resultados: no conhecimento global, os adolescentes apresentam um nível de conhecimento entre o razoável e bom, sendo o domínio 1 (Natureza da doença/fisiopatologia) onde estes apresentam melhor nível de conhecimento. Nas dificuldades nos papéis de autocuidado, apresentam maior dificuldade na manutenção de uma alimentação equilibrada, combate ao stress e intervenções numa hipoglicemia. Conclusão: verifica-se dificuldade destes nos papeis de autocuidado, sendo fundamental a intervenção dos enfermeiros na implementação de planos terapêuticos ajustados, no sentido de colmatar falhas de conhecimento e dificuldades identificadas

Morphological and Postural changes in the foot during pregnancy and puerperium : a longitudinal study

The aim of this study is to observe the morphological and postural changes to the foot that take place during pregnancy and the puerperium. Method: In this descriptive, observational, longitudinal study, we analysed 23 pregnant women, with particular attention to morphological and postural aspects of the foot, at three time points during and after pregnancy: in weeks 9-13 of gestation, weeks 32-35 of gestation and weeks 4-6 after delivery. The parameters considered were changes in foot length, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Hernández Corvo Index, which were analysed using a pedigraph and taking into account the Body Mass Index (BMI). The same procedure was conducted in each review. Results: The statistical analyses obtained for each foot did not differ significantly between the three measurement times. A pronator-type footprint was most frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy; it was predominantly neutral during the postpartum period. Statistically significant differences between the measurement times were obtained in the right foot for cavus vs. neutral foot type (between the first and third trimesters and also between the first trimester and the puerperium) (in both cases, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Foot length increases in the third trimester and returns to normal in the puerperium. According to FPI findings, the third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by pronation, while the posture returns to neutrality during the postpartum period. During pregnancy, the plantar arch flattens, and this persists during the puerperium. The incidence of cavus foot increases significantly in the third trimester and in the puerperium

Temas de investigação em direitos humanos para o século XXI

Edição comemorativa do 10.º aniversário do Mestrado em Direitos Humanos da Universidade do Minho.Este livro é uma celebração do ensino e da investigação em direitos humanos que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos, na Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho, há já mais de uma década. A sua publicação num momento em que se avolumam os riscos para valores fundamentais subjacentes à proteção dos direitos humanos – como a igualdade e a não discriminação, a proibição da escravatura e de tratamentos cruéis, desumanos e degradantes, a liberdade de religião ou crença, entre muitos outros –, torna-o especialmente oportuno. Os sinais de aparente retrocesso no consenso das nossas sociedades a respeito desses valores – visíveis no triunfo político de discursos abertamente racistas, xenófobos, sexistas, etc. – recordam-nos que, também no mundo ocidental, os direitos humanos são um work in progress, não um dado adquirido. Os novos riscos para a dignidade da pessoa humana associados aos avanços tecnológicos andam de par com velhas formas de subalternização e de opressão. O campo para a reflexão crítica é muito vasto. Os temas que hoje (pre)ocupam académicos, decisores políticos e ativistas de direitos humanos são também aqueles que estruturam o plano de estudos do Mestrado em Direitos Humanos da Universidade do Minho. Todos estes temas surgem ao longo do presente livro, que reúne contributos de muitos dos membros da comunidade científica e académica que o Mestrado em Direitos Humanos mobilizou e ajudou a dinamizar ao longo da última década, entre docentes do Mestrado, colaboradores em júris de provas públicas e/ou na orientação de mestrandos, oradores convidados e estudantes. Os textos aqui reunidos refletem bem as sinergias interdisciplinares, interinstitucionais e inter-nacionais que o Mestrado em Direitos Humanos foi capaz de criar, não apenas pela variedade de campos disciplinares representados – Direito, Filosofia, Relações Internacionais, Antropologia –, mas também pela participação de autores que são docentes e/ou investigadores em diversas instituições nacionais e estrangeiras, como a Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Porto, a Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, a Universidade Federal da Paraíba e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030