Evaluation de l’activité des feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur des bactéries multirésistantes et criblage phytochimique

Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) est une plante de la flore ivoirienne couramment utilisée en médecine traditionnelle dans le traitement de plusieurs pathologies telles que : la diarrhée, les infections urinaires, les plaies chroniques, l’ulcère de Burili... La complexité curative de certaines maladies associées à la résistance bactérienne, a mis en évidence l’inefficacité de certains antibiotiques conventionnels. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’activité antibactérienne des extraits bruts hexanique, hydro-méthanolique et aqueux des feuilles de cette plante sur des bactéries multirésistantes et de caractériser les composés chimiques présents dans l’extrait le plus efficace. La méthode de dilution en milieu liquide utilisant la gélose Muller-Hinton® a permis d’évaluer l’activité antibactérienne de l’extrait. Pour le criblage phytochimique, la méthode de caractérisation par chromatographie sur couche mince a été utilisée. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les extraits aqueux et hydro-alcooliques ont été actifs sur toutes les souches étudiées et sont bactéricides sur la majorité. Le criblage phytochimique a mis en évidence une richesse en métabolites secondaires tels que: les saponosides, les tanins, les flavonoïdes, lactones sesquiterpèniques, les polyphénols, les alcaloïdes, les coumarines pouvant être bénéfiques dans la prise en charge de nombreuses pathologies dont celles causées par les bactéries étudiées. Ce travail a permis de donner un fondement scientifique à l’utilisation de Mallotus oppositifolius dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle notamment dans le traitement des pathologies bactériennes.Mots clés: Antibactérienne, plantes médicinales, flore ivoirienne, extraits bruts, Mallotus oppositifolius

Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with five years of the ANTARES detector data

[EN] A search for magnetic monopoles using five years of data recorded with the ANTARES neutrino telescope from January 2008 to December 2012 with a total live time of 1121 days is presented. The analysis is carried out in the range b>0.6 of magnetic monopole velocities using a strategy based on run-by-run Monte Carlo simulations. No signal above the background expectation from atmospheric muons and atmospheric neutrinos is observed, and upper limits are set on the magnetic monopole flux ranging from 5.7x10-16 to 1.5x10-18 cm-2 . s-1.sr-1.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilitiesAlbert, A.; Andre, M.; Anghinolfi, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Avgitas, T.... (2017). Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with five years of the ANTARES detector data. Journal of High Energy Physics (Online). (7):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2017)054S1167P.A.M. Dirac, Quantized Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 133 (1931) 60 [ INSPIRE ].G. ’t Hooft, Magnetic Monopoles in Unified Gauge Theories, Nucl. Phys. B 79 (1974) 276 [ INSPIRE ].A.M. 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J 160 (1970) 383.ANTARES collaboration, M. Ageron et al., ANTARES: the first undersea neutrino telescope, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 656 (2011) 11 [ arXiv:1104.1607 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, S. Adrian-Martinez et al., Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, Astropart. Phys. 35 (2012) 634 [ arXiv:1110.2656 ] [ INSPIRE ].IceCube collaboration, M.G. Aartsen et al., Searches for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles in IceCube, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 133 [ arXiv:1511.01350 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, J.A. Aguilar et al., The data acquisition system for the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 570 (2007) 107 [ astro-ph/0610029 ] [INSPIRE].D.R. Tompkins, Total energy loss and Čerenkov emission from monopoles, Phys. Rev. 138 (1965) B248.Y. Kazama, C.N. Yang and A.S. Goldhaber, Scattering of a Dirac Particle with Charge Ze by a Fixed Magnetic Monopole, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 2287 [ INSPIRE ].S.P. Ahlen, Monopole Track Characteristics in Plastic Detectors, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 2935 [ INSPIRE ].S.P. Ahlen, Stopping Power Formula for Magnetic Monopoles, Phys. Rev. D 17 (1978) 229 [ INSPIRE ].J. Derkaoui et al., Energy losses of magnetic monopoles and of dyons in the earth, Astropart. Phys. 9 (1998) 173 [ INSPIRE ].CERN Application Software Group, GEANT 3.21 Detector Description and Simulation Tool, CERN Program Library Long Writeup W5013 (1993).G. Carminati, A. Margiotta and M. Spurio, Atmospheric MUons from PArametric formulas: A fast GEnerator for neutrino telescopes (MUPAGE), Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 (2008) 915 [ arXiv:0802.0562 ] [INSPIRE].Y. Becherini, A. Margiotta, M. Sioli and M. Spurio, A parameterisation of single and multiple muons in the deep water or ice, Astropart. Phys. 25 (2006) 1 [ hep-ph/0507228 ] [INSPIRE].J. Brunner, ANTARES simulation tools, in proceedings of The VLVnT workshop, Amsterdam (2003), http://www.vlvnt.nl/proceedings.pdf .ANTARES collaboration, A. Margiotta, Common simulation tools for large volume neutrino detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 725 (2013) 98 [ INSPIRE ].V. Agrawal, T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari and T. Stanev, Atmospheric neutrino flux above 1-GeV, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 1314 [ hep-ph/9509423 ] [INSPIRE].G.D. Barr, T.K. Gaisser, S. Robbins and T. Stanev, Uncertainties in Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 094009 [ astro-ph/0611266 ] [INSPIRE].L. Fusco and A. Margiotta, The Run-by-Run Monte Carlo simulation for the ANTARES experiment, EPJ Web Conf. 116 (2016) 02002.ANTARES collaboration, J.A. Aguilar et al., A fast algorithm for muon track reconstruction and its application to the ANTARES neutrino telescope, Astropart. Phys. 34 (2011) 652 [ arXiv:1105.4116 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, S. 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C 73 (2013) 2606 [ arXiv:1308.1599 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, S. Adrian-Martinez et al., First Search for Point Sources of High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, Astrophys. J. 743 (2011) L14 [ arXiv:1108.0292 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, P. Amram et al., The ANTARES optical module, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 484 (2002) 369 [ astro-ph/0112172 ] [INSPIRE].ANTARES collaboration, J.A. Aguilar et al., Transmission of light in deep sea water at the site of the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope, Astropart. Phys. 23 (2005) 131 [ astro-ph/0412126 ] [ INSPIRE ].MACRO collaboration, M. Ambrosio et al., Final results of magnetic monopole searches with the MACRO experiment, Eur. Phys. J. C 25 (2002) 511 [ hep-ex/0207020 ] [INSPIRE].BAIKAL collaboration, K. Antipin et al., Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the Baikal Neutrino Telescope, Astropart. Phys. 29 (2008) 366 [ INSPIRE ].KM3Net collaboration, S. Adrian-Martinez et al., Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0, J. Phys. G 43 (2016) 084001 [ arXiv:1601.07459 ] [INSPIRE]

2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: executive summary.

S

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics.

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of probiotic supplementation to optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows: 1)Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO/WHO).2)Probiotic administration has been linked to a multitude of health benefits, with gut and immune health being the most researched applications.3)Despite the existence of shared, core mechanisms for probiotic function, health benefits of probiotics are strain- and dose-dependent.4)Athletes have varying gut microbiota compositions that appear to reflect the activity level of the host in comparison to sedentary people, with the differences linked primarily to the volume of exercise and amount of protein consumption. Whether differences in gut microbiota composition affect probiotic efficacy is unknown.5)The main function of the gut is to digest food and absorb nutrients. In athletic populations, certain probiotics strains can increase absorption of key nutrients such as amino acids from protein, and affect the pharmacology and physiological properties of multiple food components.6)Immune depression in athletes worsens with excessive training load, psychological stress, disturbed sleep, and environmental extremes, all of which can contribute to an increased risk of respiratory tract infections. In certain situations, including exposure to crowds, foreign travel and poor hygiene at home, and training or competition venues, athletes' exposure to pathogens may be elevated leading to increased rates of infections. Approximately 70% of the immune system is located in the gut and probiotic supplementation has been shown to promote a healthy immune response. In an athletic population, specific probiotic strains can reduce the number of episodes, severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections.7)Intense, prolonged exercise, especially in the heat, has been shown to increase gut permeability which potentially can result in systemic toxemia. Specific probiotic strains can improve the integrity of the gut-barrier function in athletes.8)Administration of selected anti-inflammatory probiotic strains have been linked to improved recovery from muscle-damaging exercise.9)The minimal effective dose and method of administration (potency per serving, single vs. split dose, delivery form) of a specific probiotic strain depends on validation studies for this particular strain. Products that contain probiotics must include the genus, species, and strain of each live microorganism on its label as well as the total estimated quantity of each probiotic strain at the end of the product's shelf life, as measured by colony forming units (CFU) or live cells.10)Preclinical and early human research has shown potential probiotic benefits relevant to an athletic population that include improved body composition and lean body mass, normalizing age-related declines in testosterone levels, reductions in cortisol levels indicating improved responses to a physical or mental stressor, reduction of exercise-induced lactate, and increased neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition and mood. However, these potential benefits require validation in more rigorous human studies and in an athletic population