The Investigation of 11th Grade Students' Contruction Processes of Ellipse, Parabola and Hyperbola Concepts

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gerçekçi Matematik Eğitimi (GME) yaklaşımına dayalı olarak planlanmış ve yürütülmüş öğretim ortamında 11.sınıf öğrencilerinin elips, parabol ve hiperbol kavramlarını oluşturma sürecinin incelenmesidir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin öğretime yönelik görüşleri de incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Marmara Bölgesinde yer alan bir ilin Anadolu Lisesi’ne devam eden 25 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiş bu araştırmanın verileri öğretim sürecinin video kayıtları, gözlemci notları ve derslerden sonra öğrenciler ile yapılan görüşmeler yolu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin bağlam problemleri ile uğraşırken; durumsal, modelin temsili, genel ve formal aşamaların her birini hemen hemen gerçekleştirdikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin GME tabanlı derslere ilişkin görüşlerinin genel olarak olumlu olduğu görülmek ile birlikte olumsuz görüş ifade eden öğrenciler de olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, koni kesitlerinin öğretiminde geleneksel ve bilgisayar destekli öğretimin yanı sıra bu kavramlar ile ilgili gerçekçi matematik eğitimi yaklaşımına dayalı bir öğretimin de anlamlı öğrenme için alternatif bir yöntem olabileceği söylenebilir.The aim of this study is to examine the contruction processes of ellipses, parabolas and hyperbola concepts of the 11th grade students in a planned and conducted teaching environment based on the Realistic Mathematics Education approach. In addition, the students' views on teaching were also examined. The study group consists of 25 students of an Anatolian High School in Marmara Region. The data of this study, which was designed as a case study, were collected through video recordings of the teaching process, observer notes and interviews with the students after the lessons. As a result of data analysis, it has been seen that while the students are dealing with context problems, they perform almost all of the situational, representative of the model, general and formal stages. It has also been seen that students' views on GME-based lectures are generally positive, there are also students who express negative views. As a result, it can be said that teaching based on a realistic mathematics education approach to these concepts as well as traditional and computer based teaching in the teaching of cone sections may be an alternative method for a meaningful learning

Faktör Çıkarma Yöntemlerinin Paralel Analiz Sonuçlarına Etkisi

DergiPark: 747075tredAçımlayıcı faktör analizinden en önemli kararlardan biri faktör sayısını belirlemektir. Bunun için birçok yöntem geliştirilmiş olsa da paralel analiz, hala en çok önerilen ve kullanılan yöntemler arasında yer almaktadır. Sıklıkla kullanılması birçok modifikasyonun yapılmasına ve analizle ilgili araştırmaların yoğunlaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada açımlayıcı faktör analizinde kullanılan faktör çıkarma yöntemlerinin paralel analiz sonuçlarına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmış ve Monte Carlo simülasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki kategorili veri setleriyle gerçekleştirilen simülasyon çalışmasında ortalama faktör yükü, madde sayısı, ölçme modeli, örneklem büyüklüğü ve kullanılan korelasyon matrisi koşulları manipüle edilmiştir. Paralel analizde uygulanan en küçük kalıntı, temel bileşenler, temel eksenler, en çok olabilirlik, ağırlıklandırılmamış en küçük kareler, en küçük ki-kare ve optimal paralel analizde uygulanan en küçük rank faktör çıkarma yöntemleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tetrakorik korelasyon matrisiyle gerçekleştirilen optimal paralel analiz yönteminin uygulandığı en küçük rank yönteminin en iyi sonucu verdiği gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte ortalama faktör yükü .70 olan koşullarda Pearson korelasyon matrisiyle gerçekleştirilen analizlerde tüm yöntemler yeterli performans gösterirken tetrakorik korelasyon matrisinin kullanılmasıyla paralel analiz uygulanan temel bileşenler ve optimal paralel analiz uygulanan en küçük rank yöntemleri hariç diğer yöntemlerin aşırı faktör çıkardığı söylenebilir. Araştırma bulgularına göre tetrakorik (polikorik) korelasyon matrisiyle en küçük rank yöntemiyle optimal paralel analizin kullanılması önerilmektedi

Shear Bond Strength Evaluation of Different Composites Used As Lingual Retainer Adhesives

The aim of this study was to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) levels and fracture modes of different composites used as lingual retainer adhesives. Sixty human mandibular incisors were used, that mounted in acrylic resin leaving the buccal surface of the crowns parallel to the base of the moulds. Randomly three groups were constructed, each containing 20 teeth. Transbond-LR (3M-Uni-tek), Transbond-XT (3M-Unitek) and Venus Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) were tested. Materials were applied to the teeth surface by packing the material into the cylindrical plastic matrices with a 2.34 mm internal diameter and a 3 mm height (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding. For SBS testing, the specimens were mounted in a universal testing machine, and an apparatus (Ultradent) attached to a compression load cell was applied to each of the specimen until the failure occurred. The SBS data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests, and chi-square test was used to analyze the fracture modes. The statistical tests indicated that Transbond-LR shows statistically significant higher SBS (24.7±9.25 MPa) then Transbond-XT (12.01±4.98 MPa) and Venus Flow (14.07±5.25 MPa) (P<0.001) whereas the difference between Transbond-XT and Venus Flow was not significant. In general, a greater percentage of the fractures were adhesive at the tooth-composite interface (60%% for Transbond-LR and Venus Flow and 90°% for Transbond-XT) and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. According to the results of this study, Transbond LR was found to be most appropriate material for the tested specification

Evaluation of Fit between Tooth and Band Surfaces when Different Orthodontic Cements are Used

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare three orthodontic band cements for gaps remained between tooth and band surfaces, at the cervical margin, which possibly caused after banding procedure. Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Micro-etched molar bands were cemented to the teeth using each of the orthodontic band cements (Ketac Cem®, 3M Multi-Cure® and Transbond Plus®). The teeth were placed in preformed boxes (2.5X2.5X2.5 cm); crowns were on the bottom and perpendicular to the ground. Samples were capped with black colored plaster on a vibration machine. After hardening of the plasters, samples were removed from the boxes and were trimmed in the bucco-lingual dimension for evaluation. The mean of four parallel sections examined under a stere-omicroscope was noted as the score of that sample, for buccal and lingual sides, separately. Statistically analyses were performed by using analysis of variance and paired-samples t-test. When buccal and lingual gap formations were compared, Transbond Plus® and Ketac Cem® groups were found to have larger gaps in the lingual side than buccal at p<0.05 and p<0.01 level, respectively. Thus, buccal and lingual gaps of three cements were compared separately, and no statistically significant difference was determined among three investigated cement types at buccal and lingual sides. However no differences were found among different types of band cements, it is clear that large gaps were observed under molar bands at cervical margin; where it is not easily possible to clean. Further studies should be conducted to determine a favorable strategy to eliminate these gaps and maintain a gap-free adaptation and cementation between band and tooth structure

Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a 2 Month-Old Infant: A Severe Form of Hypocalcemia With Vitamin D Deficient Rickets

Dilated cardiomyopathy, which mostly has an idiopathic etiology or is caused by genetic inheritance or infection, can cause irreversible congestive heart failure. Hypocalcemia is a rare etiology of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we report the case of a two-month-old girl with congestive heart failure who was diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to hypocalcemia. After calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy, the patient showed a rapid reduction in hypocalcemic tetany and a rapid recovery of left ventricular function. The cause of the hypocalcemia was vitamin D deficient rickets. She was exclusively breast-fed as an infant, and her mother had a vitamin D deficiency and was diagnosed with osteomalacia

Effects of high-intensity interval training program on pituartry function in basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

The aim of the study was to determine how the short high-interval training program affects cortisol levels in basketball players. A total of 27 male basketball players volunteered for the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control Group (CG) (n = 13, mean age; 20,56 ± 1,45 years, mean height; 184,53 ± 6,65 cm) and Experimental Group (EG) (n = 14, mean age; 20,71 ± 2,12 years, mean height; 86,51 ± 8,21 cm). The experimental group received a 7-week interval training program. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Triiodothyronine, Tetraiodothyronine, Parathyroid Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Insulin, and Glucose levels were measured of the EG and CG. To test the differences between groups and compare the effects of pre and post-intervention, a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used. Consequently, the post-test levels of TSH, PTH, and ACTH in the exercise group showed a significant difference when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Moreover, the post-test levels of Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, and Mg in the exercise group showed statistical significance when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Significant differences were seen in the post-test PTH and ACTH levels of the control group when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Furthermore, the exercise group showed significant differences in post-test values for HDL and Cholesterol compared to the pre-test (p = 0.000). In addition, when comparing the post-test values and pre-test values of both the exercise group and the control group, it was found that all parameters, with the exception of Ca, exhibited substantial differences in favor of the exercise group. It may be claimed that the implementation of interval training has favorable outcomes on pituitary function parameters. Additionally, the regulation of energy consumption during exercise is favourably influenced, along with the reduction of physiological stress resulting from prolonged exercise

Self-reported antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures from 57 intensive care units: An international ID-IRI survey

We explored the self-reported antibiotic stewardship (AS), and infection prevention and control (IPC) activities in intensive care units (ICUs) of different income settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect data about IPC and AS measures in participating ICUs. The study participants were Infectious Diseases-International Research Initiative (IDI-IR) members, committed as per their institutional agreement form. We analyzed responses from 57 ICUs in 24 countries (Lower-middle income (LMI), n = 13; Upper-middle income (UMI), n = 33; High-income (HI), n = 11). This represented (similar to 5%) of centers represented in the ID-IRI. Surveillance programs were implemented in (76.9%-90.9%) of ICUs with fewer contact precaution measures in LMI ones (p = 0.02); (LMI:69.2%, UMI:97%, HI:100%). Participation in regional antimicrobial resistance programs was more significantly applied in HI (p = 0.02) (LMI:38.4%,UMI:81.8%,HI:72.2%). AS programs are implemented in 77.2% of institutions with AS champions in 66.7%. Infectious diseases physicians and microbiologists are members of many AS teams (59%&amp;50%) respectively. Unqualified healthcare professionals(42.1%), and deficient incentives(28.1%) are the main barriers to implementing AS. We underscore the existing differences in IPC and AS programs' implementation, team composition, and faced barriers. Continuous collaboration and sharing best practices on APM is needed. The role of regional and international organizations should be encouraged. Global support for capacity building of healthcare practitioners is warranted. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised