9 research outputs found

    Theoretical study of a π-stacking interaction in carbonic anhydrase

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    Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) catalyses the reversible hydration of CO2. In this enzyme, the imidazole ring of histidine at position 64 (His64) functions to transfer the productive proton from the zinc-bound water to the buffer molecule in bulk-water. X-ray data of HCA II show that His64 has two types of side chain orientations, ”in” and ”out”, representing the direction of the imidazole ring toward and away from the active site, respectively. Maupin et al. reported that the imidazole of His64 can be rotated in a model system of the active site to clarify the proton transfer of catalytic mechanism. However, the indole ring of tryptophan at position 5 (Trp5) that is located near the ”out” of the imidazole ring of His64 was not considered in the model system. In this study, in order to estimate detailed rotational properties of His64, we constructed two His64-containing models with and without Trp5, and then simulate the constructed structures by using MP2 method and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. This allows us to tentatively determine the potential energies of the π-stacking interaction of the imidazole with the indole in relation to the side chain rotation of His64. The result indicates that the π-stacking interaction causes an increase of the energy barrier between ”in” and ”out” conformations, implying that the rotational motion of His64 is not relevant to explain the proton transfer during catalysis. Alternatively, a steady position of His64 would be needed in the proton transfer in catalytic mechanism of HCA II

    A clinical educational research on student's career choice (2) : Turning points and gender

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    本研究は、ある商業高校での進路選択支援活動の事例から、生徒の進路選択におけるジェンダー要因の影響について新たな知見を導こうとするものである。支援活動の経過から我々は、支援を通じ生徒の進路意識が大きく変化する、いわゆる「転機」が見られたのは女子生徒だけであることを見いだした。本研究は、この転機の事例分析を通じて、進路多様校における女子生徒は2重の意味で「大学に行っても仕方がない存在」として価値剥奪されており、支援を通じて、彼女たちが被差別者の「アイデンティティ問題」として大学進学に取り組むようになることを明らかにした。反対に、男子生徒は「男は大学進学」という世間的な価値観に呪縛される中で学校を特に選ばなければ進学できるという状況に沿って進学していく。教育におけるジェンダー要因が差別問題として把握すべき側面を有していることが伺えるのである

    Ceramics and ceramic coatings in orthopaedics

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