Imaging findings at the quadrangular joint in carpal boss

A carpal boss was initially described as a bony, sometimes painful mass at the quadrangular joint. Clinical examination and plain radiography will usually reveal the diagnosis. US and CT may add information. MRI may illustrate a variable bony morphology and additional bony and soft tissue pathologies. Bone marrow edema shows a significant correlation with a painful carpal boss. Hence, MRI may be of additional diagnostic value in patients with persistent pain and preoperatively. This paper presents a review of the anatomy and pathology in carpal boss. The merit of each imaging modality – in particular MRI – is mentioned

Management Styles - Management Combines

A manager who wants to be a good manager must choose a management style that suits him and the atmosphere that surrounds him so that he can match the situation. A good manager is a manager who handles the design and construction of the team that surrounds him, and he must also handle his organizational processes in order to achieve the desired goals. The characteristics of the manager that he must know how to produce a group atmosphere and cooperation. Also he should have a balanced self-vision. (Management of inadequate reasons and treatment, Edges, 1979). A good manager should be interested in having his organization run in a way that allows him the cooperation and the teamwork and it is important that the manager should be one of the team members. Research Question: How do care managers to combines people and tasks in different Organizations? The good and effective manager is the one who can manage his organization in cooperation between the employees and he needs to have an interrelationship between them and that he believes in his team, he must also provide them with the best professional conditions for the success of the organization and the tasks. Therefore, an effective and integrated manager will have the ability to cooperate and be able to lead people and motivate them instead of managing them and imposing tasks on them and carrying out the tasks out of subordination and fear

War Narratives Through The Eyes/I´S of Women in Iman Humaydan Younes’ B As In Beirut

Lebanese author and journalist Iman Humaydan Younes published her debut novel B as in Beirut in Arabic in 1997 while the English translation didn’t appear until 2007. The novel is divided into four narratives told by Lillian, Warda, Camilia, and Maha who live in the same apartment building in Beirut during the Lebanese civil war that extended from 1975 till 1990. Younes chooses to present personal narratives that reflect the emotional states of these women rather than describe the violent occurrences of the actual war. In this sense she tells of the repercussions of the war on her female narrators, and the coping mechanisms that each adopts away from the violence, destruction and absurdity that have been the main foci of most Lebanese war novels. My paper affects a close reading of these interlocked narratives and investigates the female voices behind them: who they are, what they are going through, and what they do in order to survive the state of inertia and loss during the civil war. My contention is that Younes’s novel is one of the very few that succeeds in conveying the female experience during the civil war and paves the way for a Feminist attitude towards gender roles in a war- torn nation, and towards an understanding of the place of the woman in an overly maleoriented and maneuvered dominion

Antitrust Goals in Developing Countries: Policy Alternatives and Normative Choices

This Article outlines the different policy alternatives that could guide antitrust enforcement in developing countries. These include efficiency- based goals (allocative, productive, economic, and dynamic efficiency) and non-efficiency-based goals (protecting small businesses; achieving international competitiveness; eradicating poverty; and promoting fairness, equality, and justice). The actual antitrust goals selected by fifty developing countries are then presented. Finally, a proposal is made with regards to what developing countries should aim at achieving with their antitrust law enforcement. This normative take is geared towards realizing dynamic efficiencies or technological progress, coupled with redistribution through antitrust rules, as the accelerators of growth and development. Promoting growth through innovation, as an antitrust objective, corresponds to a desire to incorporate antitrust policy within a broader development agenda that is more suitable to developing countries than static efficiency-based goals

Risk factors for asthma and allergic diseases in school children across Lebanon

Mirna Waked1, Pascale Salameh21Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; 2Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section II, Fanar, LebanonIntroduction: Childhood asthma is one of important diseases of childhood. There is no known prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in Lebanon. This study was conducted with a secondary objective of finding the odds of exposure to asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema potential risk factors in Lebanese children.Material and methods: It is a cross-sectional study on children in public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. 5–12 year old students completed the questionnaires at home, while 13–14 year old students filled it in class.Results: 5522 children were evaluated for asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema prevalence and their associated factors. These diseases seem to be similarly affected by parental respiratory problems, parental smoking, infancy gastroesophageal reflux, recurrent otitis, and previous pertussis. Humidity on the bedroom walls is associated with both asthma and allergic rhinitis, a spongy pillow with both allergic rhinitis and eczema, animal possession with asthma, and noncotton mattress with atopic eczema. The adjusted odds ratios for significant associations varied between 1.25 and 3 (0.0001 < p-value < 0.01).Conclusion: These factors are preventable, thus permitting a possible reduction of the prevalence of these diseases.Keywords: asthma, eczema, rhinitis, allergic disease, risk factor

MRI diagnosis of carpal boss and comparison with radiography

Background: A carpal boss is a potentially painful bony mass in the region of the second or third carpometacarpal joint. The combination of clinical examination and radiography is usually sufficient for the diagnosis. Purpose: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the quadrangular joint can assist the diagnosis of persistent pain near a carpal boss. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with a carpal boss were retrospectively reviewed using MRI and conventional radiographs and compared to an asymptomatic control group. Results: MRI demonstrated a variable morphology and a variety of bone and soft tissue abnormalities associated with carpal boss. Bone marrow edema around the quadrangular joint shows a significant correlation (Fisher's exact test: P< 0.001) and a positive correlation (Pearson's test r = 0.632, significant at the 0.01 level [two-tailed]) with a painful carpal boss. Conclusion: MRI offers detailed examination of bone and soft tissue abnormalities associated with a carpal boss. Local bone marrow edema strongly correlates with a painful carpal boss

The lived experience of becoming accounting partners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : a phenomenological study

The accounting profession in Saudi Arabia has developed greatly. However, little is known about the making of a partner in accounting firms in Saudi Arabia, which is the central issue of this research. This qualitative study aims at describing the essence of experiences of becoming accounting partners in Saudi Arabia. The researcher employs phenomenology approach to understand the lived experience of accounting partners and how would such experience affect their career. It mainly aims to describe the different experiences of fifteen (15) Saudi partners working in various accounting companies in Saudi Arabia. The researcher conducted interviews to explore the most important challenges of the accountants to become a partner. The interviews were transcribed and analysed. Based on the analysis, there is essence of experiences of the partners; such skills enable new accountants, especially those who desire to join the accounting profession, were described. The findings revealed the need to have good mentors, being professionally qualified, i.e. having the SOCPA certification, and capability to deal with work environment as essence of the 15 experiences that were interviewed. The researcher also found that there are different skills that the partner must have include responsible leadership, professional communication, good marketing skills and excellent command of English. The findings of this study could be useful to Saudi accountants where the challenges and difficulties that they may face during their journey to become partners, could encourage them to go through the partnership journey and eliminate many of unreal thoughts about this journey. In addition, the findings of the current study could be useful to the official parties that organizing the accounting profession in Saudi Arabia, such as SOCPA, by highlighting the issues that impede the Saudi accountants to become partners, which may lead to mitigation of professional requirements by the SOCPA