On localised vibrations in incompressible pre-stressed transversely isotropic elastic solids

This paper is concerned with 2D localised vibration in incompressible pre-stressed fibre-reinforced elastic solids and the closely related problem of surface wave propagation in such materials. An appropriate constitutive model is derived and its stability discussed within the context of the strong ellipticity condition. Surface wave propagation in an associated half-space is considered, with the particular cases of propagation along a principal direction of primary deformation and that of almost inextensible fibres also investigated. The problems of free and forced edge vibration of a semi-infinite strip are analysed, revealing a link between the natural edge frequencies and the associated Rayleigh surface wave speed

Conservation tourism and the citizen scientist

Parallel paper session 1- Theme: Hospitality, Tourism and Sustainability program, http://eurochriebudapest2016.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Parallel1.pdfThis paper shares findings from an ongoing ethnography of an Australian conservation organisation that manages volunteers in a number of settings. It explores a program of volunteer tourism operated in a single publically owned park and draws on the idea of citizen science to conceptualise the tourists’ activities there. Initial findings suggest that this citizen research is seen as relatively effective by management, employees and volunteers (tourists) alike, though a number of challenges have been identified, not least associated with differing perceptions and expectations of the tour ‘breaks’ offered by the organisation.Peter John Sandifor

Emotion in organisations: working in British pubs

Research into emotions in organisations has grown considerably in recent years, inspiring both academic and practitioner interest. This thesis reviews the growing literature on the subject, especially considering Hochschild's (1983) concept of emotional labour and the possible emotional demands and impacts of service work. Concepts such as emotional exhaustion, burnout and desensitisation are often referred to in the literature although relatively few researchers draw attention to any more positive effects. This project sought to widen the study of the emotional implications of service work to include the large, but under researched public house sector of Britain's hospitality industry. This thesis investigates the nature of emotion rules in public houses, how such rules are learnt and identifies a variety of both negative and positive emotional demands of pub work and how workers react to these. A single ethnographic study was undertaken within a large chain of public houses. A mixture of participant observation and in-depth interviews provided a rich variety of data resulting in a broad picture of the nature of the emotions within a number of individual public houses within the chain, with the fieldworker taking on the role of an employee in five such units. When discussing the emotional demands of their work, there was a common assertion among study participants that pubs were rather different to other types of hospitality outlet. This was seen as particularly relevant to the nature of emotion rules, which were influenced by a variety of stakeholders, including management, colleagues, customers and self. The idea that bar staff need to be and be seen to be genuine with customers was often stressed. Although all were able to recall some specific incidents when some surface and deep acting was called for, these were perceived to be exceptions rather than the norm. Some negative emotional aspects were raised by participants, especially relating to dealing with unpleasant customers or situations. More positive 'effects' of emotional labour were also alluded to, with bar staff claiming to enjoy much of their work dealing with customers They described pleasure from satisfying customers and even 'enjoying' dealing with less pleasant ones when they felt they could maintain an element of control over potentially damaging situations. The thesis takes a reflexive approach to the topic being investigated. This is felt to be particularly important given the participatory nature of ethnography and the generally tacit nature of emotions and the management of emotion. The researcher discusses influences, experiences, problems and successes from a personal perspective, helping readers to understand the personal research journey undertaken and come to their own conclusions regarding the value of this piece of work

Ag econ angst crisis revisited

The present paper was inspired by and is a response to the Rola-Rubzen, Hardaker and Dillon paper ‘Agricultural economists and world poverty: progress and prospects’ (Rola-Rubzen et al. 2001). It is agreed that the position of agricultural economists in foreign aid and poverty programs has declined over recent decades. Such a feeling of guilt and remorse expressed by the above authors does indeed create considerable ‘angst’. A major reason for this state of affairs lies in ‘the flavour of the month’ approach of the development agencies. These include women in development, gender-based farming systems research, household nutrition and food security, people participation, and targeting the poorest of the poor. These fads have driven disciplinary considerations to the wall and the more widely-defined objectives have reduced the drive for economic efficiency. We argue there is still a place for better designed and delivered assistance programs within the wider framework of assistance that has become fashionable. Greater application of institutional principles in both the political processes associated with assistance and the implementation agencies would improve the outcomes of many projects. Particular attention would need to be given to the interface between the development agencies and recipient governments. The present paper picks up on the market failure aspects of agriculture’s rather poor contribution to development, and develops a wider perspective in terms of the new institutional economics and a continuing role for the agricultural economist.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

The English public house as a 21st century socially responsible community institution

Abstract not availablePeter John Sandiford, Peter Diver

The Efficacy of Melodic Based Communication Therapy for Eliciting Speech in Nonverbal Children with Autism

The purpose of this dissertation is to compare the efficacy of Melodic Based Communication Therapy (MBCT) to traditional speech and language therapy for eliciting speech in nonverbal children with autism. Efficacy was assessed by number of: verbalizations, correct words, words reported by parent, and imitative attempts. Additionally it examines the effect of exposure to MBCT on social language abilities as measured by score on the Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory (PLSI); the effect of age on the response to treatment, and the predictors of overall effectiveness of treatment. Participants were 12 nonverbal children with autism ages 5 through 7 randomly assigned to the MBCT or traditional therapy group. Measures included: a criterion referenced test administered weekly over 5 consecutive weeks, parent survey administered pre and post therapy, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test 4th Edition (PPVTIV), Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS) and PLSI. The MBCT group progressed significantly in number of verbalizations after weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, while the traditional group progressed significantly after weeks 4 and 5. The MBCT group progressed significantly in number of correct words after weeks 1 and 3, while the traditional group progressed significantly after weeks 4 and 5. Parents reported a significant number of words heard externally for the MBCT group (p=.04). Participants in the MBCT group had more imitative attempts (p=.02). The MBCT group showed significant improvement in PLSI score (p=.04). All participants irrespective of age demonstrated progress as a result of treatment. Receptive vocabulary score at baseline and imitative ability were significant predictors of response to treatment. Combined, they accounted for 75% of variability in the improvement in the number of correct words following treatment Results suggest MBCT is a valid means of treatment for nonverbal children with autism. The MBCT group responded earlier, showed more progress in the home setting, had more imitative attempts, and showed greater improvements in social language scores. Additionally stronger receptive language scores and imitative abilities may lead to better therapeutic outcomes regardless of the age of the child. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to examine the full benefit of MBCT

An Inquiry into Gardner\u27s Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Strengths of Students Placed in Special Education under Mildly Disabled Categories

This study explored the strengths displayed by 4th-5th grade students placed in special education under mildly disabled categories as compared to the intelligences defined by Howard Gardner in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983, 1999). These categories consist of Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and Mildly Intellectually Disabled (MUD). Critics maintain that special education has been focused on the weaknesses of students while overlooking their strengths (Miller, 1993; Armstrong, 2000). Under new legislation and new performance goals for special education, the time has come to focus on students\u27 strengths and equal opportunities for students to learn the curriculum mandated by our state. Theoretically, this study was grounded in John Dewey\u27s (1910) theory of education, specifically transformative thinking, and Maxine Greene\u27s (1995) theory of releasing the imagination. Methodologically, it was grounded in Max Van Manen\u27s (1990) phenomenological hermeneutics (researching the lived experiences of students labeled disabled and their teacher and interpreting the experiences of these students and the strengths they exhibit), and Clandinin and Connelly\u27s (2000) narrative inquiry (telling the stories of a special education teacher and her students). Data collection methods included classroom observations, teacher, parent, and student interviews, research journals, and field notes Key findings of this study indicated that parents, the teacher and the paraprofessional were able to recognize distinct strengths in the student participants. However, the students themselves had difficulty naming their strengths. The strengths observed by the parents, the teacher and paraprofessional, and those identified by the student participants, particularly spatial and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence patterns as identified by Gardner (1983, 1999), are areas most neglected by our school curriculum. Examples given by the student participants of what they found easy to learn were hands-on or experiential types of activities. Perhaps the most significant finding of the study was that the eight intelligence categories formulated by Howard Gardner (1983, 1999) do not fully capture the ways these students demonstrated strengths in the classroom and at home. It is my hope that we can find ways to allow these groups of labeled individuals to have a place in our schools without being isolated in a pull-out program. It is my hope that public school can move beyond the standardized tests that have no meaning once a student leaves school. It is my hope that through telling the stories of these students, all members of society can recognize that these labeled individuals do not fit the mold, but have much to offer society and deserve the chance at life often denied

Implicit and explicit attitudes of young people with type 1 diabetes towards high-fat and high-sugar foods

This study examined whether there were differences between the implicit and explicit attitudes of young people with diabetes (n=22) and without diabetes (n=30) towards the fat and sugar content of foods. It also explored whether these attitudes were associated with the healthy eating behaviours of young people with diabetes. The traditional Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee & Schwartz, 1998) and the Avoid-Approach IAT (de Houwer, Custers & deClercq, 2006) were respectively used to explore relative implicit liking and wanting for high-fat foods/high-sugar foods over their low-fat alternatives. Results suggest that priming effects based on novel aspects of foods lead to differences in implicit wanting for high-fat foods between groups. Results from the explicit measures suggest that individuals with diabetes are more easily primed by the palatability of foods compared to controls. Implicit preferences for high-fat foods were incongruently related to healthy eating. The limitations of this study and its potential impact on clinical practice are discussed

Health Occupations Students of America: A Profile

The purpose of this study was to field test an instrument designed to identify the characteristics and attitudes of Health Occupations Education Students attending the 1990 Health Occupations Students of American (HOSA) National Leadership conference. Specific questions about their program of studies and about HOSA were asked, providing a profile of these students. While HOSA is approaching its 20th year as a vocational student organization, little is presented in the literature about the HOSA student in general. While only a 4% convenience sample is represented, the respondents represent several states, a wide range of students, and several first time attendees. Both officers and competitive event participants are included in the sample. Students who responded indicated that they were prepared for their competitive event by their teacher. Most attended che conference on funds provided through fund raising and/or by parents. Contrary to popular thought, most students did not know about HOSA prior to entering their health occupations program. Students responded that they benefitted from both their health occupations education course and from their participation in HOSA. Their experiences and participation helped them make their career decision and helped to reaffirm it

Abnormal long wave dispersion phenomena in a slightly compressible elastic plate with non-classical boundary conditions

A two parameter asymptotic analysis is employed to investigate some unusual long wave dispersion phenomena in respect of symmetric motion in a nearly incompressible elastic plate. The plate is not subject to the usual classical traction free boundary conditions, but rather has its faces fixed, precluding any displacement on the boundary. The abnormal long wave behaviour results in the derivation of non-local approximations for symmetric motion, giving frequency as a function of wave number. Motivated by these approximations, the asymptotic forms of displacement components established and long wave asymptotic integration is carried out