CRH – Pratiques, travail, organisation (PRATO)

Yves Cohen, directeur d’étudesSéverin Muller, maître de conférences à l’Université Lille-II Sciences et technologieDilip Subramanian, ATER Le séminaire a été marqué par la mobilisation qui a touché les milieux universitaires et de la recherche. Elle nous a conduits à ne pas faire de séance les jours de grèves et de manifestations. Nous considérons que dans le contexte actuel la réflexion académique n’est pas si éloignée de l’engagement. Il nous a semblé essentiel de défendre notre indépendanc..

CRH – Pratiques, travail, organisation (PRATO)

Yves Cohen, directeur d’étudesSéverin Muller, maître de conférences à l’Université Lille-IDilip Subramanian, ATER Prato (Pratiques, travail, organisation) Le séminaire de Prato a tenu sept séances cette année, dont une double. L’activité du groupe a porté d’une part sur l’approfondissement de la « série accentuée » initiée l’an passé et pratiquant le décentrement par rapport aux études sur des cas uniquement français et d’autre part sur une réflexion autour de l’émergence de travaux, de démar..

Histoire de l’action et des rationalités pratiques au XXe siècle

Yves Cohen, directeur d’études Le séminaire s’est occupé cette année de quelques nouveaux aspects de ce que peut une histoire de l’action par rapport aux autres disciplines d’étude de l’action (sociologie, psychologie, anthropologie, philosophie, etc.). Pour ne prendre qu’un nombre restreint d’exemples, on peut constater historiquement le basculement de certaines évidences, ainsi lorsque nous passons de celle selon laquelle l’action collective est une action de lutte ou de révolte à celle sel..

Histoire de l’action et des rationalités pratiques au XXe siècle

Yves Cohen, directeur d’études Le séminaire s’est occupé cette année de quelques nouveaux aspects de ce que peut une histoire de l’action par rapport aux autres disciplines d’étude de l’action (sociologie, psychologie, anthropologie, philosophie, etc.). Pour ne prendre qu’un nombre restreint d’exemples, on peut constater historiquement le basculement de certaines évidences, ainsi lorsque nous passons de celle selon laquelle l’action collective est une action de lutte ou de révolte à celle sel..

Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Prevent Recurrence of HCV Infection After Liver Transplantation: An Open-Label Study

Background & AimsPatients with detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA at the time of liver transplantation universally experience recurrent HCV infection. Antiviral treatment before transplantation can prevent HCV recurrence, but existing interferon-based regimens are poorly tolerated and are either ineffective or contraindicated in most patients. We performed a trial to determine whether sofosbuvir and ribavirin treatment before liver transplantation could prevent HCV recurrence afterward.MethodsIn a phase 2, open-label study, 61 patients with HCV of any genotype and cirrhosis (Child–Turcotte–Pugh score, ≤7) who were on waitlists for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma, received up to 48 weeks of sofosbuvir (400 mg) and ribavirin before liver transplantation. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with HCV-RNA levels less than 25 IU/mL at 12 weeks after transplantation among patients with this HCV-RNA level at their last measurement before transplantation.ResultsSixty-one patients received sofosbuvir and ribavirin, and 46 received transplanted livers. The per-protocol efficacy population consisted of 43 patients who had HCV-RNA level less than 25 IU/mL at the time of transplantation. Of these 43 patients, 30 (70%) had a post-transplantation virologic response at 12 weeks, 10 (23%) had recurrent infection, and 3 (7%) died (2 from nonfunction of the primary graft and 1 from complications of hepatic artery thrombosis). Of all 61 patients given sofosbuvir and ribavirin, 49% had a post-transplantation virologic response. Recurrence was related inversely to the number of consecutive days of undetectable HCV RNA before transplantation. The most frequently reported adverse events were fatigue (in 38% of patients), headache (23%), and anemia (21%).ConclusionsAdministration of sofosbuvir and ribavirin before liver transplantation can prevent post-transplant HCV recurrence. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01559844

Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India – results from the SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study

Background: There is a rising incidence of chronic kidney disease that is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. In India, it has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD to be 229 per million population (pmp), and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually. Methods: We cross-sectionally screened 6120 Indian subjects from 13 academic and private medical centers all over India. We obtained personal and medical history data through a specifically designed questionnaire. Blood and urine samples were collected. Results: The total cohort included in this analysis is 5588 subjects. The mean ± SD age of all participants was 45.22 ± 15.2 years (range 18–98 years) and 55.1% of them were males and 44.9% were females. The overall prevalence of CKD in the SEEK-India cohort was 17.2% with a mean eGFR of 84.27 ± 76.46 versus 116.94 ± 44.65 mL/min/1.73 m2 in non-CKD group while 79.5% in the CKD group had proteinuria. Prevalence of CKD stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 7%, 4.3%, 4.3%, 0.8% and 0.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD was observed to be 17.2% with ~6% have CKD stage 3 or worse. CKD risk factors were similar to those reported in earlier studies. It should be stressed to all primary care physicians taking care of hypertensive and diabetic patients to screen for early kidney damage. Early intervention may retard the progression of kidney disease. Planning for the preventive health policies and allocation of more resources for the treatment of CKD/ESRD patients are imperative in India

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe