BIORREMEDIAÇÃO E REMEDIAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES CONTAMINADOS POR COMBUSTÍVEIS: POSTOS DE COMBUSTÍVEIS

A contaminação ambiental pelas atividades urbanas vem sendo assunto de constantesfóruns e discussões. Postos de combustíveis são fontes de contaminação ambiental comalto potencial de poluição do solo, água e ar. Contudo, há técnicas de prevenção etambém de tratamento para recuperar estas áreas contaminadas como a biorremediaçãoe a remediação dos diferentes tipos de sítios contaminados. Para isso, é necessário umestudo e levantamento de dados do local contaminado como tipo e concentração doscontaminantes do local como solo e água, extensão da contaminação, adequação àlegislação vigente, determinação de planos de ação para caracterizar a área e depoisavaliar a técnica de recuperação destas áreas contaminadas. Muitas técnicas deremediação como barreiras de contenção, bioventilação, bioextração de gases, pump andtreat, entre outras são altamente eficientes na redução da quantidade de contaminantesnas áreas atingidas. Embora os resultados sejam muito eficientes, técnicas debiorremediação alinhadas e dirigidas junto com as técnicas anteriores, podem promoveruma eficiência superior, com resultados excelentes. Estas técnicas de biorremediaçãoseriam em promover a biota do solo para realizar uma biodegradação mais eficiente comoa bioestimulação e a bioaumentação, utilizando microorganismos resistentes e eficientespara tal propósito. Assim, a combinação de tais técnicas promoveria melhores resultadosna recuperação destas áreas

Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de espécies de Enterococcus isoladas de carne e produtos lácteos

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an important role in a great variety of fermented foods. In addition to their contribution to sensory characteristics, they enhance food preservation and can be used as probiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culture supernatants and cell free extracts of 16 LAB isolated from meat and dairy products were investigated. The bacterial were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to Enterococcus faecium species. Antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganism (Listeria monocytogenes) was observed at 11 culture supernatants and 4 cell free extracts. The sensibility of culture supernatant was evaluated by proteinase K and trypsin and it was observed that activity of antimicrobial substance was completely lost after the treatment. All of the isolates showed antioxidant activity as determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method with both types of extracts. When the antioxidant capacity was investigated using ABTS•+ method (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) it was observed that only culture supernatants showed antioxidant capacity. These bacteria could particularly help to reduce or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms as well as oxidative spoilage in foods and feed.As bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) têm um papel importante em uma grande variedade de alimentos fermentados. Em adição à sua contribuição para as características sensoriais, estes microorganismos melhoram a conservação de alimentos e podem ser utilizados como probióticos. Neste estudo, as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do sobrenadante e dos extratos livres de células de 16 isolados de LAB de carne e produtos lácteos foram investigadas. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sequenciamento da região 16S do rRNA. Após a comparação das sequências obtidas com aquelas disponíveis na base de dados GenBank, observou-e que todos os isolados foram pertencentes à espécie Enterococcus faecium. A atividade antimicrobiana contra o microrganismo indicador (Listeria monocytogenes) foi observada no sobrenadante das culturas em 11 isolados, e nos extratos livres de células por 4 isolados. A sensibilidade da cultura sobrenadante foi avaliada pela proteinase K e tripsina e observou-se que a atividade da substância antimicrobiana foi completamente perdida após o tratamento com as enzimas proteolíticas. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade antioxidante, como determinado pelo método do ácido tiobarbitúrico de substâncias reativas (TBARS) com ambos os tipos de extratos. Quando a capacidade antioxidante foi investigada usando o método do ABTS (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) e o método de DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) observou-se que apenas os sobrenadantes das culturas demonstraram capacidade antioxidante. Estas bactérias poderiam particularmente ajudar a reduzir ou inibir microorganismos patogênicos, bem como a deterioração oxidativa em alimentos e rações

Avaliação de duas plantas nativas brasileiras para fitoestabilização e fitorremediação de solos contaminados com cobre

Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. However, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. So, a greenhouse study was carried out with Bidens pilosa and Plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. Plant growth, macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. P. lanceolata plants cultivated in the Inceptisol showed the highest copper concentrations in the shoots (142 mg kg–1), roots (964 mg kg–1) and entire plants (1,106 mg kg–1). High levels of copper were phytoaccumulated from the Inceptisol by B. pilosa and P. lanceolata with 3,500 and 2,200 g ha–1 respectively. Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata plants showed characteristics of high copper hyperaccumulator. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation.Plantas nativas crescem naturalmente e vigorosamente em solos contaminados com cobre. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de fitorremediação de duas plantas nativas, naturalmente encontradas em dois solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, e em rejeito de mineração de cobre. Foram avaliados os teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos das plantas, e o potencial de fitorremediação. Assim, um estudo em casa de vegetação foi realizado com plantas de Bidens pilosa e Plantago lanceolata, com amostras de dois solos de vitivinicultura (Neossolos e Cambissolos) contaminados com cobre, e com rejeito de mineração de cobre. O crescimento das plantas, teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos, índice de tolerância (TI), fator de translocação (TF), taxa de extração do metal (MER), fator de bioacumulação (BCF), número efetivo dos plantas da parte aérea (PENs) e número efetivo de plantas inteiras (PENt) foram analisados. Ambas as espécies cultivadas em solos vitivinicultura mostraram elevada produção de fitomassa e os TI. P. lanceolata cultivadas no Neossolo mostraram as concentrações de cobre mais elevados na parte aérea (142 mg kg–1), nas raízes (964 mg kg–1) e nas plantas inteiras (1.106 mg kg–1). Altos níveis de cobre foram fitoacumulados pelas plantas B. pilosa e P. lanceolata com 3.500 e 2.200 g ha–1, respectivamente, quando cultivadas em Neossolo. Ambas as espécies apresentaram características hiperacumuladoras de cobre. Os resultados mostraram que estas espécies desempenham um papel importante na fitoacumulação de cobre naturalmente em ambos os solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, sendo importantes para a fitorremediação

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using √s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A 0 = −2m 0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Efeito da inoculação com fungos ectomicorrízicos na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden em solo arenoso.

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effect of different ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates and mixture of inoculum in the eucalyptus seedling production, in sandy soil. The treatments were  four isolates of fungi and four inoculum mixture of ectomycorrhizal fungi. It was used soil with sandy process, collected at São Francisco de Assis, RS. It was determined the  fresh  matter  of  the  shoot   and  the  root system, above- -ground dry matter, root length and specific surface area, mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium level. The results showed that the F2-RS (Pisolithus sp.) isolated increased the eucalypt seedling development. The mixture of fungi inoculum could be used once there is a knowledge of the isolated effect to each fungi.Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes inóculos e mistura de inóculos de fungos ectomicorrízicos sobre a produção de mudas de eucalipto em solo arenoso. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram quatro isolados e quatro mistura de inóculo de fungos ectomicorrízicos. Utilizou-se solo sob processo de arenização, coletado no município de São Francisco de Assis - RS. Avaliou-se a massa da parte aérea e radicular verde, massa da parte aérea seca, altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, comprimento e área superficial específica radicular, colonização micorrízica e teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. Os resultados mostraram que o isolado F2-RS (Pisolithus sp.) proporcionou os maiores incrementos no desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. A mistura de inóculos de fungos pode ser utilizada desde que se tenha um prévio conhecimento do efeito isolado do fungo

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry

Inclusive search for same-sign dilepton signatures in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

An inclusive search is presented for new physics in events with two isolated leptons (e or mu) having the same electric charge. The data are selected from events collected from p p collisions at root s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb(-1). The spectra in dilepton invariant mass, missing transverse momentum and jet multiplicity are presented and compared to Standard Model predictions. In this event sample, no evidence is found for contributions beyond those of the Standard Model. Limits are set on the cross-section in a fiducial region for new sources of same-sign high-mass dilepton events in the ee, e mu and mu mu channels. Four models predicting same-sign dilepton signals are constrained: two descriptions of Majorana neutrinos, a cascade topology similar to supersymmetry or universal extra dimensions, and fourth generation d-type quarks. Assuming a new physics scale of 1 TeV, Majorana neutrinos produced by an effective operator V with masses below 460 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. A lower limit of 290 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of fourth generation d-type quarks