Equatorial circulation in the Western Pacific (170° E)

Current measurements taken in the equatorial zone at 170°E aboard the R.V. Coriolis reveal equatorial dynamics peculiar to the western Pacific. The west equatorial surface current has several speed cores on either side of the equator; the equatorial undercurrent has one speed core at 100 m and another at 200m; the North Equatorial Countercurrent is connected with the equatorial indercurrent, which has two deep extensions on either side of the equator; beneath the equatorial undercurrent lies a weak west current which appears to reach a depth below 1000m. The flows of these currents are very variable : the equatorial undercurrent may double its flow in 20 days. (Résumé d'auteur

Table-ronde : L’édition et le marché des littératures noires

Romuald Fonkoua Je vous remercie pour cette contribution et surtout le dernier intervenant dont la question est une admirable transition entre les deux communications précédentes et la table ronde qui va porter sur l’édition. Je pense que l’on sera amené à revenir sur cette question. Je vous propose de passer directement à la table ronde… Nous sommes en retard, il est déjà 11 h 15 et il faudrait qu’on finisse à 12 h 30. J’appelle donc ici Pierre Halen, Jean-Noël Schifano, Bernard Magnier, Val..

Contrôle d'un écoulement subsonique par utilisation de décharges surfaciques

Dans cet article, des décharges électriques ont été étudiées dans l'air ambiant, afin d'agir sur des écoulements subsoniques. Les écoulements induits par une décharge couronne continue et une Décharge à Barrière Diélectrique (DBD) alternative ont été mesurés avec le système PIV. On montre ainsi la topologie de l'écoulement pour ces deux configurations, avec une vitesse maximale de 3,75 m/s. Ces décharges ont été utilisées sur des profils d'ailes dans des souffleries subsoniques. Des écoulements totalement décollés ont été ré-attachés par la décharge couronne pour des nombres des Reynolds allant jusqu'à 267 000 et 15°. Un actionneur constitué d'une succession de DBD a permis de retarder la séparation de l'écoulement de 8% pour un nombre de Reynolds de 800 000

Hepatitis E Virus infection in HIV-infected patients with elevated serum transaminases levels

Increases in aminotransferases levels are frequently encountered in HIV-positive patients and often remain unexplained. The role in this setting and natural history of hepatitis E in HIV-infected patients are unknown. The aim of the study was to assess HEV infection in HIV-infected patients attending a Parisian hospital, with a current or previous cryptogenic hepatitis.191 plasma samples collected from 108 HIV-infected patients with elevated aminotransferases levels were retrospectively tested for the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection markers: anti-HEV IgM antibodies, anti-HEV IgG antibodies, anti-HEV IgG avidity index and plasma HEV RNA.One acute infection, documented by positive tests for anti-HEV IgM antibody, low anti-HEV IgG avidity index and plasma HEV RNA (genotype 3e), and three past infections were diagnosed, without any observed case of persistent infection. The acute hepatitis was benign and resolved spontaneously within two weeks. This infection was probably contracted locally. Acute HEV hepatitis can occur in HIV-infected patients but rarely explains cryptogenic hepatitis, at least in an urban HIV population, regardless geographic origin and CD4 counts

On the influence of microstructural gradients in the fatigue lifetime estimation of a railway axle

This study aims at characterizing the influence of gradients at different scales (loading, geometry, microstructure...) on fatigue strength through a multi-scale finite element modeling associated to several high cycle fatigue criteria. This is a necessary step in the perspective of conducting a relevant experimental campaign on notched specimen exhibiting a gradient of mechanical properties

Caractérisation du comportement mécanique d'un gradient de microstructure

Une démarche pour la caractérisation des métaux à gradients de microstructure s'appuyant sur des mesures de champs cinématiques est proposée. L'application d'un traitement de recristallisation à une éprouvette de traction en fer pur permet l'obtention d'un gradient de taille de grain localisé. Une variation de propriétés élasto-plastique à l'échelle de ce gradient de microstructure est recherchée en comparant la réponse observée aux résultats de calculs éléments finis

An 11th century a.d. burnt granary at La Gravette, south-western France : preliminary archaeobotanical results

International audienceA thick layer of carbonised seeds was encountered in an 11th century a.d. room situated in the seigneurial part of the village of La Gravette. This paper presents the first results of charcoal and seed analyses which give information on the food products stored in the granary and on their arrangement there. Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum was by far the most important stored crop, while Avena sp., then Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Triticum monococcum and Vitis vinifera were secondary. Weeds were poorly represented. Charcoals were dominated by deciduous Quercus sp., and 11 additional wood taxa were recorded, including especially Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus sp., Rosaceae, Corylus avellana, Acer campestre and Ulmus sp. According to the charcoal distribution, Quercus and Fagus were probably building materials while most of other taxa would have been used for basketry, wattling or joinery work. In the western part of the granary, naked wheat was stored in bulk. In the eastern part, various crops (at least naked wheat, barley, rye, oat and grape) were stored in small amounts, most of which were probably separated by light wooden structures. The cereal crops had largely been processed and cleaned. The stored products probably represent taxes paid to the lord who owned the granary

The ATLAS3D project - XXIX : The new look of early-type galaxies and surrounding fields disclosed by extremely deep optical images

Date of Acceptance: 25/09/2014Galactic archaeology based on star counts is instrumental to reconstruct the past mass assembly of Local Group galaxies. The development of new observing techniques and data reduction, coupled with the use of sensitive large field of view cameras, now allows us to pursue this technique in more distant galaxies exploiting their diffuse low surface brightness (LSB) light. As part of the ATLAS3D project, we have obtained with the MegaCam camera at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope extremely deep, multiband images of nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs). We present here a catalogue of 92 galaxies from the ATLAS3D sample, which are located in low- to medium-density environments. The observing strategy and data reduction pipeline, which achieve a gain of several magnitudes in the limiting surface brightness with respect to classical imaging surveys, are presented. The size and depth of the survey are compared to other recent deep imaging projects. The paper highlights the capability of LSB-optimized surveys at detecting new prominent structures that change the apparent morphology of galaxies. The intrinsic limitations of deep imaging observations are also discussed, among those, the contamination of the stellar haloes of galaxies by extended ghost reflections, and the cirrus emission from Galactic dust. The detection and systematic census of fine structures that trace the present and past mass assembly of ETGs are one of the prime goals of the project. We provide specific examples of each type of observed structures - tidal tails, stellar streams and shells - and explain how they were identified and classified. We give an overview of the initial results. The detailed statistical analysis will be presented in future papers.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta