107 research outputs found
Attribute Based Secure Data Retrieval System for Decentralized Disruption Tolerant Military Networks
- Publication venue
- 'Auricle Technologies, Pvt., Ltd.'
- Publication date
- 31/12/2014
- Field of study
There are partitions in military environments such as a battlefield or a hostile region.They are likely to suffer from intermittent network connectivity.They having frequent partitions. Disruption-tolerant network DTN technologies are is a true and easy solutions.DTN is a Disruption-tolerant network.It allow devices which are wireless and carried by peoples in a military to interact with each other.These devices access the confidential information or command reliably by exploiting external storage nodes. In these networking environments DTN is very successful technology. When there is no wired connection between a source and a destination device, the information from the source node may need to wait in the intermediate nodes for a large amount of time until the connection would be correctly established.one of the challenching approach is a ABE.that is attribute-based encryption which fulfills the requirements for secure data retrieval in DTNs. The another concept is Cipher text Policy ABE (CP-ABE).it gives a appropriate way of encryption of data. the encryption includes the attribute set that the decryption needs to possess in order to decrypt the cipher text.hence, Many users can be allowed to decrypt different parts of data according to the security policy
Molecular Effects of Doxycycline Treatment on Pterygium as Revealed by Massive Transcriptome Sequencing
- Author
- A Bertolotti
- A Mortazavi
- A Olgun
- AK Riau
- AL Marcovich
- Alberto de Luis
- Alfredo Martínez
- AN Sapadin
- B Dzunic
- C Hetz
- C Patil
- C Ugalde
- C Xu
- CA Cox
- CJ Jaworski
- CZ Lee
- E Lai
- EA Lipscomb
- G Bon
- G Sithanandam
- GN Di
- GN Di
- H Yoshida
- HC Lai
- Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- J Chui
- J Chui
- J Jin
- J Mauro
- J Montojo
- J Sagar
- J Wu
- JB Rubins
- JC Bradley
- JH Bullard
- Juan Cabello
- L Borradori
- L Dan
- L Tong
- LM Golub
- LM Shaw
- M Coroneo
- M John-Aryankalayil
- M Sourdeval
- MR Besharati
- N Dushku
- Oscar Rúa
- PB Lai
- Pedro Gonzalez
- R Kandavel
- R Morin
- R Pello
- RA Irizarry
- S Tarazona
- Sara Velilla
- T Onoda
- T Onoda
- TD Schmittgen
- V Parkash
- XZ Wang
- YC Yeh
- YY Tsai
- Publication venue
- Public Library of Science
- Publication date
- 19/06/2012
- Field of study
Pterygium is a lesion of the eye surface which involves cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Surgery is the only approved method to treat this disorder, but high recurrence rates are common. Recently, it has been shown in a mouse model that treatment with doxycycline resulted in reduction of the pterygium lesions. Here we study the mechanism(s) of action by which doxycycline achieves these results, using massive sequencing techniques. Surgically removed pterygia from 10 consecutive patients were set in short term culture and exposed to 0 (control), 50, 200, and 500 µg/ml doxycycline for 24 h, their mRNA was purified, reverse transcribed and sequenced through Illumina’s massive sequencing protocols. Acquired data were subjected to quantile normalization and analyzed using cytoscape plugin software to explore the pathways involved. False discovery rate (FDR) methods were used to identify 332 genes which modified their expression in a dose-dependent manner upon exposure to doxycycline. The more represented cellular pathways included all mitochondrial genes, the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, integrins and extracellular matrix components, and growth factors. A high correlation was obtained when comparing ultrasequencing data with qRT-PCR and ELISA results
Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context
- Author
- Abdel-Rahman Mohamed H.
- Abeshouse Adam
- Adebamowo Clement
- Adebamowo Sally N.
- Agnew Kathy
- Ahn Keunsoo
- Ajani Jaffer A.
- Akbani Rehan
- Akeredolu Teniola
- Al-Ahmadie Hikmat
- Albert Monique
- Alexopoulou Iakovina
- Ally Adrian
- Alvaro Domenico
- Anderson Matthew L.
- Andry Chris
- Antenucci Anna
- Anur Pavana
- Appelbaum Elizabeth L.
- Aredes Natália D.
- Armenia Joshua
- Arnaout Angel
- Asa Sylvia L.
- Auman J. Todd
- Aymerich Marta
- Aziz Dina
- Bailey Matthew
- Balasundaram Miruna
- Balu Saianand
- Barnett Gene
- Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S.
- Barrett Wendi
- Bartlett John
- Bathe Oliver
- Baudin Eric
- Baylin Stephen
- Becker Karl-Friedrich
- Beer David
- Behera Madhusmita
- Behrens Carmen
- Bell Debra
- Bell Sue
- Bellair Michelle
- Bennett Joseph
- Benz Christopher
- Berchuck Andrew
- Berger Ashton C.
- Bergeron Alain
- Berkowitz Ross
- Bernard Brady
- Beroukhim Rameen
- Beuschlein Felix
- Bifulco Carlo
- Bigner Darell
- Birrer Michael
- Birsoy Kivanc
- Bocklage Therese
- Bodenheimer Tom
- Bondaruk Jolanta
- Bootwalla Moiz S.
- Borad Mitesh
- Borgia Jeffrey A.
- Bossler Aaron
- Botnariuc Natalia
- Boussioutas Alex
- Bowen Jay
- Bowlby Reanne
- Bowman Rayleen
- Bradford Carol
- Bragazzi Maria Consiglia
- Brat Daniel J.
- Breggia Anne
- Brewer Cathy
- Brimo Fadi
- Broaddus Russell
- Brooks Denise
- Broom Bradley M.
- Broudy Thomas
- Bryce Alan H.
- Bubley Glenn
- Bueno Raphael
- Burnette Andrew
- Caesar-Johnson Samantha J.
- Calatozzolo Chiara
- Campo Elias
- Campos Benito
- Caraman Irina
- Cardinale Vincenzo
- Carey Francis
- Carey Thomas
- Carlotti Carlos Gilberto
- Carlsen Rebecca
- Carney Michael
- Carpino Guido
- Carroll Peter R.
- Carter Candace
- Carvalho Andre L.
- Castle Erik
- Castro Patricia D.
- Catto James
- Cebulla Colleen M.
- Cernat Mircea
- Chabot John
- Chakravarty Debyani
- Chambwe Nyasha
- Chan June M.
- Chan Timothy A.
- Chandan Vishal
- Chang Kyle
- Chatila Walid K.
- Chatterjee Sujash S.
- Chemencedji Inga
- Chen Amy
- Chen Chu
- Chen Ting-Wen
- Cheng Feixiong
- Cherniack Andrew D.
- Chesla David
- Chevalier Simone
- Cheville John
- Chiu Hua-Sheng
- Cho Juok
- Chuah Eric
- Chudamani Sudha
- Chung Ki
- Cibulskis Carrie
- Clipca Adrian
- Colman Howard
- Cope Leslie
- Copland John A.
- Corcoran Niall
- Cordes Matthew G.
- Costello Tony
- Cottingham Sandra
- Couce Marta
- Covington Kyle
- Crain Daniel
- Cramer Daniel
- Creaney Jenette
- Creighton Chad J.
- Cuppini Lucia
- Curley Erin
- Cuzzubbo Stefania
- Czerniak Bogdan
- Danilova Ludmila
- Davis Amy
- de Bruijn Ino
- de Carvalho Ana C.
- de Krijger Ronald
- De Rienzo Assunta
- De Rose Agostino
- Defreitas Timothy
- Delman Keith
- Demchok John A.
- Desjardins Laurence
- Devine Karen
- Deyarmin Brenda
- Dhalla Noreen
- Dhanasekaran Renumathy
- Dhankani Varsha
- Dhir Rajiv
- Dimeco Francesco
- Ding Li
- Dinh Huyen
- Dinkin Mikhail
- Dipersio John
- Disaia Philip
- Doddapaneni Harshavardhan
- Donehower Lawrence A.
- Doruc Serghei
- Dos Santos Jose Sebastião
- Dottino Peter R.
- Drake Bettina
- Drummond Jennifer
- Drwiega Paul
- Dubina Michael
- Duell Rebecca
- Duffy Elizabeth R.
- Eckman John
- Edenfield W. Jeffrey
- Eijckenboom Wil
- Elder J. Bradley
- Engel Jay
- Eschbacher Jennifer
- Esmaeli Bita
- Evason Kimberley
- Facciolo Francesco
- Fan Cheng
- Fan Huihui
- Fantacone-Campbell J. Leigh
- Farnell Michael
- Farver Carol
- Fassnacht Martin
- Fehrenbach Ashley
- Felau Ina
- Feldman Michael
- Feltmate Colleen
- Ferguson Martin L.
- Finocchiaro Gaetano
- Flotte Thomas
- Fong Kwun M.
- Force Seth
- Forgie Ian
- Frazer Scott
- Fregnani José H.
- Fronick Catrina C.
- Fujimoto Junya
- Fulop Jordonna
- Fulton Lucinda A.
- Fulton Robert S.
- Gabra Hani
- Gabriel Stacey B.
- Galbraith Joseph
- Gao Galen F.
- Gao Jianjiong
- Gardner Johanna
- Gastier-Foster Julie M.
- Gaudio Eugenio
- Gehlenborg Nils
- Gerken Mark
- Gershenwald Jeffrey
- Getz Gad
- Ghossein Ronald
- Giama Nasra
- Gibbs Richard A.
- Gilbert Sebastien
- Gillis Ad
- Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule
- Giné Eva
- Giordano Thomas
- Girard Nicolas
- Giuliante Felice
- Glenn Pat
- Glenn Robert
- Godwin Andrew K.
- Godwin Eryn M.
- Gonzalez Ana Maria Angulo
- Goodman Marc
- Gopalan Anuradha
- Goparaju Chandra
- Gorincioi Ghenadie
- Govindan Ramaswamy
- Graefen Markus
- Grazi Gianluca
- Grizzle William E.
- Gross Benjamin E.
- Guillermo Armando López
- Gunaratne Preethi H.
- Guo Charles
- Ha Gavin
- Haddad Andrea
- Hagedorn Curt H.
- Hale Walker
- Han Yi
- Hanh Phan Thi
- Hansen Paul
- Harr Jodi
- Hartmann Arndt
- Haydu Lauren
- Hayes D. Neil
- Hayward Nicholas
- Heath Sharon
- Hegde Apurva M.
- Heiman David I.
- Heins Zachary J.
- Henderson Joel
- Hermes Beth
- Hernandez Brenda
- Herold-Mende Christel
- Hersey Peter
- Hess Julian
- Hibshoosh Hanina
- Hilty Joe
- Hinoue Toshinori
- Ho Thai
- Hoadley Katherine A.
- Holt Robert
- Hooke Jeffrey A.
- Hoon Dave
- Horowitz Neil
- Houck John
- Hovens Christopher
- Hoyle Alan P.
- Hu Hai
- Hu Jianhong
- Huland Hartwig
- Hung Nguyen Phi
- Huntsman David
- Hutter Carolyn M.
- Iacocca Mary
- Ittmann Michael
- Jacobus Laura
- Jakrot Valerie
- Janssen Klaus-Peter
- Jefferys Stuart R.
- Jimeno Antonio
- Jones Corbin D.
- Jones Steven J. M.
- Ju Zhenlin
- Juhl Hartmut
- Jungk Christin
- Junker Kerstin
- Kakavand Hojabr
- Kalkanis Steven
- Kanchi Rupa S.
- Kandoth Cyriac
- Kang Koo Jeong
- Karlan Beth Y.
- Kasaian Katayoon
- Kasapi Melpomeni
- Kastl Alison
- Kebebew Electron
- Kefford Richard
- Kelley Robin K.
- Kemp Rafael
- Kendall Sara
- Kendler Ady
- Kendrick Michael
- Khuri Fadlo
- Kibel Adam
- Kim Jaegil
- Knijnenburg Theo
- Knudson Michael
- Knutson Tina
- Kocher Jean-Pierre
- Kohl Bernard
- Kopp Karla
- Korchina Viktoriya
- Korkut Anil
- Korpershoek Esther
- Korst Robert
- Kovatich Albert J.
- Kramer Roger
- Kucherlapati Melanie H.
- Kucherlapati Raju S.
- Kumar Bahavna
- Kundra Ritika
- Kvecher Leonid
- Kycler Witold
- La Konnor
- Lacombe Louis
- Ladanyi Marc
- Lai Phillip H.
- Laird Peter W.
- Landen Charles N.
- Landrum Lisa
- Lang James
- Larson Caroline
- Latour Mathieu
- Lau Kevin
- Lawrence Michael S.
- Lazar Alexander J.
- Le Xuan
- Lechan Ronald
- Lee Darlene
- Lee Jung Il
- Lee Kenneth
- Lee Sandra
- Lehman Norman L.
- Leinonen Kalle
- Leraas Kristen M.
- Levine Douglas A.
- Lewis Lora
- Ley Timothy
- Li Jun
- Li Wei
- Liang Han
- Lichtenberg Tara M.
- Lin Pei
- Linehan W. Marston
- Ling Shiyun
- Lipp Eric
- Liptay Michael J.
- Liu Jia
- Liu Wenbin
- Liu Xiuping
- Liu Yuexin
- Logothetis Christopher
- Lohavanichbutr Pawadee
- Lolla Laxmi
- Long Georgina
- Longatto-Filho Adhemar
- Looijenga Leendert
- Lu Yiling
- Luketich James
- Luna Augustin
- Lyadov Vladimir
- Ma Deqin
- Ma Yussanne
- Madan Rashna
- Maglinte Dennis T.
- Magliocca Kelly
- Maithel Shishir
- Mallery David
- Malykh Andrei
- Mandt Randy
- Manikhas George
- Mann Graham
- Mannel Robert
- Mannelli Massimo
- Mardis Elaine R.
- Mariamidze Armaz
- Mariani Odette
- Marino Mirella
- Marks Jeffrey
- Marra Marco A.
- Martignetti John A.
- Martin Julie
- Mattei Luca
- Mayo Michael
- Mccall Shannon
- Mcgraw Mary
- Mckercher Ginette
- Mclellan Michael D.
- Mclendon Roger
- Mcpherson Christopher
- Meier Sam
- Melamed Jonathan
- Meng Shaowu
- Meric-Bernstam Funda
- Merola Roberta
- Mes-Masson Anne-Marie
- Metwalli Adam R.
- Meyerson Matthew
- Mieczkowski Piotr A.
- Mikkelsen Tom
- Milhem Mohammed
- Miller Christopher A.
- Miller Judy
- Miller Michael
- Mills Gordon B.
- Mirsaidi Cyrus
- Moiseenko Fedor
- Moncrieff Marc
- Moore Kathleen
- Moore Richard A.
- Moran Cesar
- Morgan Margaret
- Morris Scott
- Morrison Carl
- Morton Donna
- Mose Lisle E.
- Moser Catherine
- Moxley Katherine
- Moyer Jeffey
- Mungall Andrew J.
- Mungall Karen
- Mura Sergiu
- Mural Richard J.
- Murawa Dawid
- Muto Michael
- Muzny Donna
- Myers Jerome
- Nagorney David
- Nair Praveen
- Naresh Rashi
- Naska Theresa
- Nelson Mark
- Ng Kwok-Shing
- Nguyen Phuong
- Nissan Moriah G.
- Noble Michael S.
- Noss Ardene
- Noushmehr Houtan
- O'Brien Daniel
- O'Neill Brian Patrick
- Ochoa Angelica
- Olabode Oluwole
- Olson Jeffrey J.
- Omberg Larsson
- Oosterhuis Wolter
- Ostrom Quinn T.
- Owonikoko Taofeek
- Pacak Karel
- Paklina Oxana
- Pan Yinghong
- Parfitt Jeremy
- Park Joong-Won
- Parker Joel S.
- Pass Harvey
- Patel Ektaben
- Patel Tushar
- Patil Sagar L.
- Paulauskis Joseph
- Pennell Nathan A.
- Penny Robert
- Perin Alessandro
- Perou Amy H.
- Perou Charles M.
- Petersen Gloria
- Peterson Lisa
- Peto Myron
- Phillips Joanna
- Phillips Sarah M.
- Phu Bui Duc
- Piché Alain
- Pickens Alan
- Pihl Todd
- Pilarski Robert
- Pinero Edna M. Mora
- Pinto Peter A.
- Pirtac Maria
- Pollo Bianca
- Pool Mark
- Porten Sima
- Postier Russel
- Potapova Olga
- Powers James
- Prados Michael
- Prince Mark
- Que Florencia
- Quinn Michael
- Quintero-Aguilo Mario
- Rabeno Brenda
- Rai Karan
- Ramalingam Suresh
- Ramirez Nilsa C.
- Ramondetta Lois
- Rao Arvind
- Rassl Doris M.
- Rathmell W. Kimryn
- Raut Chandrajit P.
- Raymond Daniel
- Reis Rui M.
- Reuter Victor
- Reynolds Sheila
- Reznik Ed
- Rice David
- Richards William G.
- Rintoul Robert C.
- Rivera Michael
- Roach Jeffrey
- Roberts Lewis
- Robertson A. Gordon
- Robinson Bruce
- Roggin Kevin
- Roman-Roman Sergio
- Rosenthal Howard G.
- Rozek Laura
- Rubin Mark A.
- Ryan Michael
- Saad Fred
- Sadeghi Sara
- Saksena Gordon
- Sanchez-Vega Francisco
- Sander Chris
- Sankarankuty Ajith
- Santibanez Jireh
- Sastre Xavier
- Sauter Guido
- Saw Robyn
- Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam
- Scarpace Lisa
- Schadendorf Dirk
- Schein Jacqueline E.
- Schiffman Mark
- Schilero Cathy
- Schlomm Thorsten
- Schmidt Heather K.
- Schmidt Laura S.
- Schoenfield Lynn
- Schultz Nikolaus
- Schumacher Steven E.
- Scolyer Richard
- Secord Angeles
- Seder Christopher W.
- Sekhon Harman
- Senecal Kelly
- Sepulveda Antonia
- Setdikova Galiya
- Sexton Katherine C.
- Shabunin Alexey
- Shannon Kerwin
- Sharp Alexis
- Shelley Carl Simon
- Shelton Candace
- Shelton Troy
- Shen Hui
- Sheridan Robert
- Sherman Mark
- Sheth Margi
- Shi Yan
- Shih Juliann
- Shimmel Kristen
- Shin Dong M.
- Shinbrot Eve
- Shipman Cassaundra
- Shmulevich Ilya
- Shriver Craig D.
- Sica Gabriel
- Sifri Suzanne
- Sigmund Rita
- Signoretti Sabina
- Silveira Henrique C. S.
- Simko Jeffry
- Simon Ronald
- Simons Janae V.
- Singer Samuel
- Singh Bhuvanesh
- Singh Rosy
- Singh Vivek P.
- Sipahimalani Payal
- Skelly Tara
- Sloan Andrew E.
- Slotta-Huspenina Julia
- Smallridge Robert
- Smith Jennifer
- Smith-McCune Karen
- Smolenski Kathy
- Smyrk Thomas
- Sofia Heidi J.
- Soloway Matthew G.
- Somiari Stella
- Somvanshi Sonal
- Sood Anil
- Sood Anil K.
- Spellman Paul
- Spillane Andrew
- Stancul Irina
- Stanton Melissa
- Staugaitis Susan M.
- Steele Ruth
- Stepa Serghei
- Stern Marc-Henri
- Stoehr Christine
- Stoehr Robert
- Stoop Hans
- Stretch Jonathan
- Stuart Joshua M.
- Su Tao
- Sumazin Pavel
- Sumer S. Onur
- Sun Qiang
- Sun Yichao
- Swanson Patricia
- Swisher Elizabeth
- Synott Maria
- Tam Angela
- Tamakawa Raina
- Tamboli Pheroze
- Tan Donghui
- Tang Yufang
- Tarnuzzer Roy
- Taubert Helge
- Tavobilov Mikhail
- Taylor Barry S.
- Tcaciuc Diana
- Tennstedt Pierre
- Thiessen Nina
- Thomas George
- Thompson Eric
- Thompson John
- Thompson R. Houston
- Thompson Timothy
- Thorp Richard
- Thorsson Vesteinn
- Tien Nguyen Viet
- Timmers Henri
- Tirapelli Daniela
- Tischler Arthur
- Torbenson Michael
- Troncoso Patricia
- Tsao Anne
- Tse Kane
- Tucker Kelinda
- Têtu Bernard
- Unterberg Andreas
- Urba Walter
- Valdivieso Federico
- Van Bang Nguyen
- Van Den Berg David J.
- van Kessel Kim E.
- Van Meir Erwin G.
- Van Tine Brian
- Vandenberg Scott
- Veluvolu Umadevi
- Vicha Ales
- Vidal Daniel O.
- Vocke Cathy D.
- Voet Doug
- von Deimling Andreas
- Voronina Olga
- Wach Sven
- Wakely Paul
- Waldmann Jens
- Walker Joan
- Wan Yunhu
- Wang Jing
- Wang Jioajiao
- Wang Linghua
- Wang Min
- Wang Timothy
- Wang Zhining
- Warnick Ronald
- Weinstein John N.
- Weisenberger Daniel J.
- Wentzensen Nicolas
- Westervelt Peter
- Wheeler David A.
- Wilkerson Matthew D.
- Williams Felicia
- Wilmott James
- Wilson Richard K.
- Wise Lisa
- Wistuba Ignacio
- Wiznerowicz Maciej
- Wolf Gregory
- Wolinsky Yingli
- Wong Christopher K.
- Wong Tina
- Worrell Robert
- Wu Ye
- Wullich Bernd
- Xi Liu
- Yang Hannah
- Yang Ian
- Yang Ju Dong
- Yang Liming
- Yau Christina
- Yena Peggy
- Zach Leigh Anne
- Zaren Howard
- Zelinka Tomas
- Zenklusen Jean C.
- Zhang Hailei
- Zhang Hongxin
- Zhang Hongzheng
- Zhang Jiashan (Julia)
- Zhang Jiexin
- Zhang Lizhi
- Zhang Wei
- Zhao Fengmei
- Zhou Wanding
- Zmuda Erik
- Zorman Barry
- Zuna Rosemary
- Zwarthoff Ellen C.
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts
HIV-1 clade C escapes broadly neutralizing autologous antibodies with N332 glycan specificity by distinct mechanisms
- Author
- Aylur K. Srikrishnan
- B Chackerian
- B Chen
- DD Richman
- DR Burton
- DT Jones
- EM Bunnik
- ES Gray
- GD Tomaras
- J Albert
- J Cao
- J Huang
- Jayanta Bhattacharya
- JM Decker
- Kailapuri G. Murugavel
- KJ Doores
- L Goo
- L Kong
- L Liu
- Lynn Morris
- M Sagar
- MJ Gils van
- MJ Gils van
- P Rusert
- PD Kwong
- PL Moore
- R Ringe
- R Ringe
- R Rong
- R Wyatt
- Rajesh Kumar
- S Patil
- SA Krumm
- Shilpa Patil
- Suniti Solomon
- Suprit Deshpande
- Tandile Hermanus
- TG Edwards
- TL Kerkhof van den
- X Wei
- X Wu
- Y Feng
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
- Abajobir A
- Abate KH
- Abbafati C
- Abd El Razek HM
- Abera SF
- Abraham B
- Abyu GY
- Adebiyi AO
- Al Alkerwi A
- Al-Aly Z
- Al-Raddadi RM
- Aleman AV
- Ali R
- Allebeck P
- Amare AT
- Amberbir A
- Ammar W
- Amrock SM
- Antonio CAT
- Asayesh H
- Atnafu NT
- Azzopardi P
- Banerjee A
- Barac A
- Barrientos-Gutierrez T
- Basto-Abreu AC
- Bazargan-Hejazi S
- Bedi N
- Bell B
- Bello AK
- Bensenor IM
- Beyene AS
- Bhala N
- Bicer BK
- Biryukov S
- Bolt K
- Brenner H
- Butt Z
- Cavalleri F
- Cercy K
- Chen H
- Christopher DJ
- Ciobanu LG
- Colistro V
- Colomar M
- Cornaby L
- Dai X
- Damtew SA
- Dandona L
- Dandona R
- Dansereau E
- Davletov K
- Dayama A
- Defo BK
- Degfie TT
- Deribew A
- Dharmaratne SD
- Dimtsu BD
- Doyle KE
- Endries AY
- Ermakov SP
- Estep K
- Faraon EJA
- Farzadfar F
- Feigin VL
- Feigl AB
- Fischer F
- Forouzanfar MH
- Friedman J
- Fullman N
- Gakidou E
- Gall SL
- Gao W
- Ghiwot TT
- Gillum RF
- Gold AL
- Gopalani SV
- Gotay CC
- Gupta R
- Gupta R
- Gupta V
- Hamadeh RR
- Hankey G
- Harb HL
- Hay SI
- Horino M
- Horita N
- Hosgood HD
- Husseini A
- Ileanu BV
- Islami F
- Jiang G
- Jiang Y
- Jonas JB
- Kabir Z
- Kamal R
- Kasaeian A
- Kesavachandran CN
- Khader YS
- Khalil I
- Khang Y-H
- Khera S
- Khubchandani J
- Kim D
- Kim YJ
- Kimokoti RW
- Kinfu Y
- Knibbs LD
- Kokubo Y
- Kolte D
- Kopec J
- Kosen S
- Kotsakis GA
- Koul PA
- Koyanagi A
- Krohn KJ
- Krueger H
- Kulkarni C
- Kumar GA
- Leasher JL
- Lee A
- Leinsalu M
- Li T
- Linn S
- Liu P
- Liu S
- Lo L-T
- Lopez AD
- Ma S
- Mahesh PA
- Majeed A
- Malekzadeh R
- Malta DC
- Manamo WA
- Martinez-Raga J
- Mekonnen AB
- Mendoza W
- Miller TR
- Mohammad KA
- Morawska L
- Murray CJL
- Musa KI
- Nagel G
- Neupane SP
- Ng M
- Nguyen G
- Oh I-H
- Oyekale AS
- Pana A
- Park E-K
- Patil ST
- Patton GC
- Pedro J
- Qorbani M
- Quyen N
- Rafay A
- Rahman M
- Rai RK
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- Ranabhat CL
- Refaat AH
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- Soriano JB
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- Szoeke CEI
- Tefera WM
- Topor-Madry R
- Tran B
- Tsilimparis N
- Tymeson H
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- Violante FS
- Vladimirov SK
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- Vos T
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- Yakob B
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2017
- Field of study
Background The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed. Methods We synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Worldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.2-25.7) for men and 5.4% (5.1-5.7) for women, representing 28.4% (25.8-31.1) and 34.4% (29.4-38.6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazzaville] and Azerbaijan for men and Kuwait and Timor-Leste for women). In 2015, 11.5% of global deaths (6.4 million [95% UI 5.7-7.0 million]) were attributable to smoking worldwide, of which 52.2% took place in four countries (China, India, the USA, and Russia). Smoking was ranked among the five leading risk factors by DALYs in 109 countries and territories in 2015, rising from 88 geographies in 1990. In terms of birth cohorts, male smoking prevalence followed similar age patterns across levels of SDI, whereas much more heterogeneity was found in age patterns for female smokers by level of development. While smoking prevalence and risk-deleted DALY rates mostly decreased by sex and SDI quintile, population growth, population ageing, or a combination of both, drove rises in overall smoking-attributable DALYs in low-SDI to middle-SDI geographies between 2005 and 2015. Interpretation The pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. Beyond the effect of the tobacco industry and societal mores, a crucial challenge facing tobacco control initiatives is that demographic forces are poised to heighten smoking's global toll, unless progress in preventing initiation and promoting cessation can be substantially accelerated. Greater success in tobacco control is possible but requires effective, comprehensive, and adequately implemented and enforced policies, which might in turn require global and national levels of political commitment beyond what has been achieved during the past 25 years.Peer reviewe
Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.
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- Publication venue
- J Clin Oncol
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks
Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study
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- Aawsaj Y.
- Abad Gurumeta A.
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- Publication venue
- 'American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
- Author
- 14 | COVIDSurg COllabOratIVe Tzovaras G. (General University Hospital of Larissa)
- Aawsaj Y.
- Abad Gurumeta A.
- Abad-Motos A.
- Abate E.
- Abbott D.
- Abdalla M.
- Abdeldayem H.
- Abdelkader Salama I.
- Abdelkarim M.
- Abdur-Rahman L.
- Abel M. K.
- Aboelkassem Ibrahim A.
- Abou Chaar M. K.
- Abreu da Silva A.
- Abubakar A.
- Acebes García F.
- Achalandabaso Boira M. Sales Mallafré R. (Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII)
- Acher A.
- Acrich E.
- Adamina M.
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- Adeyeye A.
- Adiamah A.
- Afonso J.
- Agapov M.
- Agnes A.
- Agostini C.
- Agresta F.
- Aguado H. (Hellín Hospital)
- Aguilar Gonzalez M. Talukder S. (West Suffolk Hospital)
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- Aimé A.
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- Al Awwad S.
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- Al-Mohammad A.
- Alaa S.
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- Alawneh F. (King Hussein Cancer Center). Libya: Alkadeeki G.
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- Aljiffry M.
- Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna)
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- Alselaim N. (King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
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- Arrowsmith L. Campbell W. (Causeway Hospital)
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- Morris A.
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- Moura F.
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- Muguerza J. M.
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- Mukherjee S.
- Mulligan C.
- Muratore A.
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- Mustafa A. (Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust)
- Mutter D.
- Muzamil J.
- Muñoz Camarena J. M.
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- Nafees Ahmed R.
- Nageh M. A.
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- Natale J.
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- Nazir S.
- Neary P. C.
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- Neely D. (Antrim Area Hospital – Northern Health and Social Care Trust)
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- Nessim C.
- Newman T.
- Newton C. (University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust)
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- Ng H. J. (Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary)
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- Ng V.
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- Nikolic S.
- Nitschke C.
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- Persiani R.
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- Pieve Emanuele (Mi))
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- Regional Clinical Hospital)
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- Rozzano (Mi) and Humanitas University
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- Rutegård M. (Umea University Hospital). Switzerland: Arigoni M.
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- Ruzzenente A.
- Ryan M. (University Hospital Waterford/University College Cork). Italy: Macina S. (ASST Mantua)
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- Río Lafuente F. D.
- Saad M. M.
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- Sabah)
- Sabratha)
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- Salimoğlu S.
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- San Francisco (UCSF))
- Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera F.
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- Sasia D.
- Saudí S. (Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet)
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- Sauvat F. (CHU Réunion). Romania: Bezede C.
- Savković N.
- Sayyed R. (Patel Hospital)
- Scabini S.
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- Schlesinger N.
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- Scott L. (Pinderfields Hospital)
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- Scrima O.
- Sechenov Medical State University)
- Seebah K.
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- Sehgal T.
- Selmani J.
- Semina E. (Moscow Research and Educational Center
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- Serrano González J. (Hospital Universitario de Torrejón de Ardoz)
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- Seymour Z. (Ysbyty Gwynedd). USA: Haynes A.
- Sganga G. (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS)
- Sgrò A.
- Shah J. (North Manchester General Hospital)
- Shah S. (The Whittington Hospital)
- Shah Z. A.
- Shaikh I.
- Shaikh S.
- Sharabiany S. (Amsterdam UMC
- Sharma P. (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary)
- Shehata S.
- Shenfine A. (Northumbria NHS Hospital Trust)
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- Sheridan K.
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- Sherif A. (Misr Cancer Center)
- Sherif A. E. (National Liver Institute
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- Shokuhi P.
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- Sibilla M. G.
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- Silva M.
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- Silveira Nunes I.
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- Singh A.
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- Smith L.
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- Soares A. P.
- Soh J. Y.
- Sohrabi C.
- Solari F.
- Soriero D. (IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino)
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- Sorribas Grifell M.
- Soto Montesinos C. (Fundació Althaia – Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa)
- Souadka A. (Institut National d’Oncologie
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- Subhi M. T. (Alkhadra Hospital)
- Subocius A.
- Subramaniam S. (Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Universiti Malaysia Sabah
- Sundaram Venkatesan G. (Glan Clwyd Hospital)
- Suszták N. (Szent Borbála Kórház). India: Bhat G. A.
- Sutherland A. (Coffs Harbour Health Campus)
- Swinson B. (Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital). Austria: Messner F.
- Syed W. A. S.
- Syllaios A.
- Szatmary P.
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- Sánchez del Pueblo C.
- Sánchez Fuentes N.
- Sánchez- Pernaute A.
- Sánchez- Rubio M.
- Sánchez-García S.
- Taddei A.
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- Taibi A. (Chu Limoges)
- Talal El-Abur I.
- Talwar R. (Luton and Dunstable University Hospital)
- Tammaro P.
- Tan J. A.
- Tan X. S.
- Tanal M.
- Tang A. M.
- Tanzanu M.
- Tartaglia D. (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana)
- Tasis N. (Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital)
- Tatar O. C.
- Tavares F.
- Tayeh S. (Homerton University Hospital)
- Tebala G. D.
- Teixeira J. (Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve – Unidade de Faro)
- Teixeira M. (Centro Hospitalar do Tamega e Sousa)
- Tejero- Pintor F. J. (Hospital Universitario Río Hortega)
- Testa V. (Santa Croce E. Carle Hospital
- Tewari N. (University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trusts)
- Tezas S. (Furness General Hospital)
- Thaha M.
- Thanapal M. R. (Hospital Kuala Lumpur)
- Theodosopoulos T.
- Theophilidou E. (Royal Derby Hospital)
- Thian A.
- Thomas A. (Royal Liverpool University Hospital)
- Thompson D. (Morriston Hospital Swansea)
- Thornhill M. (Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas)
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- Thulasiraman S. V.
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- Torres A. (Hospital Clínico de Madrid)
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- Trabulsi N. (King Abdulaziz University Hospital)
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- TU Dresden)
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- Uludağ S. S.
- Umair M.
- Universiti Sains Malaysia)
- University of Amsterdam)
- Università di Ferrara)
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- Uslu G.
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- Valbuena Jabares V. (Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital)
- Valdes- Hernandez J. (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena)
- Valero Soriano M. (Hospital General Reina Sofía)
- Valle Rubio A. (Getafe University Hospital)
- Valverde S. (Hospital Clinic Barcelona)
- Van den Eynde J.
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- Varma M. (University of California
- Vasljević J.
- Vassiliu P. (Attikon University General Hospital)
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- Velchuru V.
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- Velidedeoglu M.
- Venn M. (Royal London Hospital)
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- Vera Mansilla C. (Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias)
- Verberne C. (John Radcliffe Hospital)
- Vergari R. (Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona)
- Vernon L. (Cork University Hospital)
- Vervoort D.
- Vescio G. (University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro)
- Vezakis A. (Aretaieion Hospital)
- Videira J. F. (IPO Porto). Réunion: Kassir R.
- Vieira B. (Centro Hospitalar de Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro
- Vieira Caroço T. (IPO Coimbra)
- Vieira Paiva Lopes A. C. (Hospital de Torres Vedras – Centro Hospitalar do Oeste)
- Vignali A. (San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- Vigorita V. (Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital)
- Vijayan D. (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham)
- Villalabeitia Ateca I. (Hospital Universitario Cruces)
- Vimalachandran D. (Countess of Chester Hospital)
- Viswanath Y. K. S. (James Cook University Hospital)
- Vitali A. (Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio)
- Vitone L. (Royal Blackburn Hospital)
- Vives R. V. (Bellvitge University Hospital)
- Vo U. G. (Fiona Stanley Hospital)
- Von Papen M.
- Vovola F. (Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Foggia)
- Vucic N.
- Vázquez Fernández A. (Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid)
- Wadham B. (The University Hospital of South Manchester)
- Walkes K. (Queen Elizabeth Hospital). Belgium: Flamey N.
- Wani R. (Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences)
- Waqar S. H. (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences). Poland: Major P. (Jagiellonian University Medical College). Portugal: Azevedo C.
- Warren O. (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital)
- Watson L. J. (Sunderland Royal Hospital)
- Watson N. (King’s Mill Hospital)
- Weitz J.
- Welsch T. (Carl-Gustav-Carus University Hospital
- Werner J. (LMU Klinikum Campus Innenstadt)
- Westwood E. (James Paget University NHS Foundation Trust Hospital)
- Whelan M. (Tallaght University Hospital)
- Whitmore H. (Torbay and South Devon NHS Trust)
- Wilkin R. J. W. (South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust)
- Wilkins A. (Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust)
- Williams G. (Royal Gwent Hospital)
- Williams K. (St George’s Hospital)
- Wilson M. (Forth Valley Royal Hospital)
- Wimmer A. (Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg). Barbados: Barker D.
- Wong M.
- Worku D. (Queens Medical Centre)
- Wullschleger M. (Gold Coast University Hospital)
- Xavier R. G.
- Xenaki S.
- Xynos E. (University Hospital of Heraklion Crete and Interclinic Hospital of Crete). Hong Kong: Futaba K.
- Yang W.
- Yassin N. (Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust)
- Ye G.
- Yesantharao P.
- Yetkin S. G. (Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital)
- Yeşilyurt D. (University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital)
- Yiallourou A. (Nicosia General Hospital). Czechia: Martinek L.
- Yıldırım A.
- Yildiz A. (Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital). Uganda: Lule H.
- Young R. (York Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust)
- Yousof E. A. (Assiut University Hospital)
- Youssef M. (Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital)
- Yurttas C. (University Hospital Tuebingen)
- Yánez C. (Royo Villanova)
- Yüksel E. (Kocaeli University Teaching Hospital)
- Zafar S. N. (University of Wisconsin)
- Zakaria A. D.
- Zakaria Z. (School of Medical Sciences and Hospital
- Zambon M. (Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza University of Rome)
- Zanus G. (Ca’ Foncello Treviso – DISCOG – Università di Padova)
- Zegarac M. (Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia)
- Zelić M. (University Hospital Center Rijeka)
- Zengin A. K. (Istanbul Universty – Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty)
- Zerbib P. (CHU Lille)
- Zervas K.
- Zese M. (Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital ULSS 5 – Adria)
- Zhang H. (Concord Repatriation General Hospital)
- Zizzo M. (Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia)
- Zografos C. (Laiko University Hospital)
- Zorrilla Ortúzar J. (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón)
- Zourntou S. (General Hospital of Larissa ‘Koutlimpaneio and Triantafylleio’)
- Zubaidi A. M. (King Saud University). Serbia: Aleksić L.
- Ângelo M.
- Çelebi F.
- Çolak E.
- Öfner D. (Medical University of Innsbruck)
- Öhlberger L.
- Özçelık M. F.
- Öğücü H.
- Überrück L.
- Ćoza I.
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abay Solomon M
- Abbafati Cristiana
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- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Weldegebreal Fitsum
- Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey
- Werdecker Andrea
- West T Eoin
- Westerman Ronny
- Whiteford Harvey A
- Widecka Justyna
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Williams Hywel C
- Wilner Lauren B
- Wilson Shadrach
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiyeh Alison B
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Woolf Anthony D
- Wyper Grant M A
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yan Lijing L
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Yasin Jemal
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yimer Ebrahim M
- Yip Paul
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zandian Hamed
- Zar Heather J
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zipkin Ben
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zucker Inbar
- Zuhlke Liesl Joanna
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2)
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
- Abajobir Amanuel Alemu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdulle Abdishakur M.
- Abebo Teshome Abuka
- Abera Semaw Ferede
- Aboyans Victor
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adedeji Isaac A.
- Adedji
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Afshin Ashkan
- Aggarwal Rakesh
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Aiyar Sneha
- Akinyemiju Tomi F.
- Akseer Nadia
- Al Lami Faris Hasan
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Maskari Fatma
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Tahiya
- Alasfoor Deena
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Ali Raghib
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Alkaabi Juma M.
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Allen Christine
- Almazroa Mohammad Abdulaziz
- Alsharif Ubai
- Alsowaidi Shirina
- Althouse Benjamin M.
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amini Erfan
- Ammar Walid
- Amoako Yaw Ampem
- Ansha Mustafa Geleto
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Anwari Palwasha
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- Artaman Al
- Arthur Avokpaho Euripide Frinel G.
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- Atey Tesfay Mehari
- Atnafu Niguse Tadele
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- Awasthi Ashish
- Awasthi Shally
- Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza
- Azzopardi Peter
- Babalola Tesleem Kayode
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- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Uzochukwu Benjamin S. Chudi
- Van Boven Job F. M.
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi
- Veerman Lennert J.
- Venkatesh
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidavalur Ramesh
- Vijayakumar Lakshmi
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vishnu Abhishek
- Vladimirov Sergey K.
- Vlassov Vasiliy Victorovich
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Wadilo Fiseha
- Wakayo Tolassa
- Wallin Mitchell T.
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Weichenthal Scott
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Werdecker Andrea
- Westerman Ronny
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Williams Hywel C.
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Woldeyes Belete Getahun
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Woodbrook Rachel
- Woolf Anthony D.
- Workicho Abdulhalik
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yaghoubi Mohsen
- Yakob Bereket
- Yan Lijing L.
- Yano Yuichiro
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yihdego Mahari Gidey
- Yimam Hassen Hamid
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zegeye Elias Asfaw
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhang Xueying
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zipkin Ben
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zoeckler Leo
- Zuhlke Liesl Joanna
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2017
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate.
FINDINGS: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally.
INTERPRETATION: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support.
FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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