Formas e Definições de Mediação Cultural no Campo da Museologia e suas diferentes aplicações

The present article searches to better un-derstand in which way the term cultural me-diation has been working in the Museology field. For this it was necessary to make a sur-vey of the different ways of the cultural me-diation finding on the literature of the field starting from magazine articles classified A1 to B3 found on the Qualis platform of Capes, in a 10-year cut (2007-2017). We analyzed 63 articles on the subject, of which only four attend with cultural mediation experiences from a horizontal perspective, which are presented and discussed.O presente artigo busca melhor compreender de que maneira o termo mediação cultural vem sendo trabalhado dentro do campo da Museologia. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento das diferentes formas de mediação cultural presentes na literatura da área a partir de artigos de revistas de classificação A1 a B3 encontradas na plataforma Qualis da Capes, num recorte de 10 anos (2007-2017). Foram analisados 63 artigos sobre a temática, dos quais apenas quatro abordaram experiências de mediação cultural de uma perspectiva horizontal, as quais são apresentadas e discutidas. &nbsp

Perfil de pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos de um município paraibano

Objective: to investigate the profile of patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a hospital in Paraíba in Brazil. Method: This is a retrospective documentary study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in the Intensive Care Unit of a general hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and the chi-square test for comparison. Results: From a sample of 461 patients, there was a higher frequency in the age group between 71 and 80 years, 50.8% women, 43.4% coming from emergency and diagnoses related to cardiovascular diseases with 28%. Regarding their evolution, 45.3% were discharged, 52% died, 2% were transferred and 0.7% remained in the Unit. Of these, 71.1% did not present pressure injuries when admitted. Conclusion: Most of the patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit are elderly, with comorbidities, with gender equivalence. It is noteworthy that the information acquired in the study can contribute to assistance, financial and permanent education in service planning.Objetivo: investigar el perfil de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital en Paraíba en Brasil. Método: Este es un estudio documental, retrospectivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital general. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para determinar la frecuencia y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para la comparación. Resultados: De una muestra de 461 pacientes, hubo una mayor frecuencia en el grupo de edad entre 71 y 80 años, 50.8% mujeres, 43.4% provenientes de urgencia y diagnósticos relacionados con enfermedades cardiovasculares con 28%. En cuanto a su evolución, el 45,3% fueron dados de alta, el 52% falleció, el 2% fueron transferidos y el 0,7% permaneció en la Unidad. De estos, el 71.1% no presentó lesiones por presión cuando ingresó. Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos son ancianos, con comorbilidades, con equivalencia de género. Es de destacar que la información adquirida en el estudio puede contribuir a la asistencia, educación financiera y permanente en la planificación del servicio.Objetivo: investigar o perfil dos pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital da Paraíba, Brasil. Método: estudo retrospectivo, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital geral. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para determinar a frequência e o teste do qui-quadrado para comparação. Resultados: De uma amostra de 461 pacientes, houve maior frequência na faixa etária entre 71 e 80 anos, 50,8% mulheres, 43,4% procedentes de emergência e diagnósticos relacionados a doenças cardiovasculares com 28%. Quanto à evolução, 45,3% tiveram alta hospitalar, 52% faleceram, 2% foram transferidos e 0,7% permaneceram na Unidade. Destes, 71,1% não apresentaram lesões por pressão na internação. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva são idosos, com comorbidades, com equivalência de gênero. Ressalta-se que as informações adquiridas no estudo podem contribuir para a educação assistencial, financeira e permanente no planejamento do serviço

Retinopatia Diabética: uma revisão sistemática, do panorama da doença ao tratamento

Diabetes can lead to various complications, with diabetic retinopathy (DR) being one of the main causes of vision loss in adults between 25 and 74 years old. DR results from chronic hyperglycemia, which damages the retina and can cause hemorrhages, retinal detachment, vascular glaucoma, and macular edema. The progression of DR is influenced by genetic factors and conditions such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. There are two forms of DR: proliferative (with the growth of new abnormal blood vessels) and non-proliferative (with microaneurysms and small hemorrhages). Early detection and proper management are crucial to preventing vision loss, using exams such as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment includes systemic control of glucose, lipid, and blood pressure levels, as well as therapies like injections of anti-angiogenic drugs and laser photocoagulation. Prevention involves strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, along with educating patients on the importance of adequate metabolic control.    O diabetes pode levar a várias complicações, sendo a retinopatia diabética (RD) uma das principais causas de perda visual em adultos entre 25 e 74 anos. A RD resulta da hiperglicemia crônica, que danifica a retina e pode causar hemorragias, descolamento de retina, glaucoma vascular e edema macular. A progressão da RD é influenciada por fatores genéticos e condições como hipertensão e dislipidemia. Existem duas formas de RD: proliferativa (com crescimento de novos vasos sanguíneos anormais) e não proliferativa (com microaneurismas e pequenas hemorragias). A detecção precoce e o manejo adequado são cruciais para prevenir a perda visual, utilizando exames como a fotografia do fundo do olho e a tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT). O tratamento inclui controle sistêmico dos níveis glicêmicos, lipídicos e pressóricos, além de terapias como injeções de medicamentos anti-angiogênicos e fotocoagulação a laser. A prevenção envolve controle rigoroso da glicemia, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico, além da educação do paciente sobre a importância do controle metabólico adequado. &nbsp

Advanced circulatory support: artificial heart use in patients with heart failure / Suporte circulatório avançado: uso do coração artificial em pacientes com Insuficiência cardíaca

Objectives: To analyze recent clinical trials about mechanical circulatory support and other adjuvant therapies for the treatment of heart failure. Methods: Articles were selected from the Pubmed and Embase databases published between the years 2015 and 2020, randomized controlled trial or not. The descriptors used were: assisted circulation AND artificial heart AND heart failure, and the descriptor artificial heart was not used for research at EMBASE with 2 articles as results.  And 40 at PubMed with the filters: Controlled Clinical Trial, published in the last 5 years, Humans. Results: Several therapies have been proposed as management alternatives for critically ill patients with heart failure. Among them, we can highlight the HeartMate III implant, which has been shown to have fewer adverse effects compared to HeartMate II; the implantation of an atrial bypass device, which has been shown to decrease the pressure of pulmonary artery occlusion in 1 month compared to the control group, but has shown no long-term effects; and the use of mesenchymal precursor cells, which has not been shown to be significantly effective. Final considerations: It is suggested to carry out further studies to improve the indication criteria, making it possible to allocate resources in hospitalized patients

Diagnóstico diferencial da Síndrome de Takotsubo e infarto agudo do miocárdio: uma revisão sistemática: Differential diagnosis of Takotsubo Syndrome and acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review

A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo e o infarto agudo do miocárdio compartilham apresentação clínica e risco de morte semelhantes, embora uma das diferenças mais importantes seja a ausência de doença coronariana obstrutiva na cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo analisar a literatura disponível avaliando o diagnóstico diferencial entre pacientes com CTT em comparação com pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando-se a Pubmed e a Medline como base de dados. A partir da análise dos estudos e interpretação de suas principais descobertas, concluiu-se que para pacientes com CTT, outras condições e comorbidades, em vez de apenas dislipidemia e/ou outros fatores de risco estabelecidos, sejam responsáveis por um risco de morte comparável ao de IAM. No entanto, as conclusões desse estudo têm várias limitaçõe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups