Initiatives to Find the Lost Einsteins through the Integration of Independent Scientific Research Projects in Early College

This exploratory study examines the effects of incorporating Independent Scientific Research Projects (ISRP) into early college biology curriculum. The authors present their findings, which are steeped in the goal of increasing minority students’ interest in STEM careers, by analyzing student engagement in classrooms with and without ISRP integration

The Influence of Discipline, Leadership and Work Environment Toward Employee Performance at BPJSTK in DKI Jakarta Branch

Employee performance is the result of work that strongly relates to the company’s strategic goals. The company’s performance is largely determined by its human resources. Supposing that the employees have good discipline and a sense of security and convenience in the work environment; consequently improve employee performance. The results obtained from the observation of questionnaire distribution data of 25 respondents showed that there were problems faced by employees at BPJSTK (National Social Security Agency for Employment) DKI Jakarta Branch, for 36% did not agree in working together or in other words they preferred to work independently, 40% stated that there was no motivational encouragement from the leaders and other employees, 40% of unclear task instructions from the leaders, 36% of the leaders have not been able to create conducive relationships and atmosphere, 36% of the leaders are not tech-savvy (technology illiterate), 44% of the leaders are subjective to employees, 80% of the leaders and policies frequently tend to substitute, 44% lack bonding, 40% lack support from colleagues, and 44% physical environment factors. This study aims to determine the influence of discipline on employee performance, the influence of the work environment on employee performance, and the influence between discipline and work environment on employee performance at BPJSTK DKI Jakarta Branch. Keywords: discipline, leadership, work environment, employee performanc

Automedicación y factores relacionados en trabajadores de Salud que laboran en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima 2011

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de automedicación y sus principales características en trabajadores de Salud que laboran en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado Institución: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Trabajadores de Salud, asistenciales y administrativos; no se incluyó médicos, enfermeras, obstetrices, odontólogos ni químicos farmacéuticos. Intervenciones: Entre julio y setiembre de 2011 se realizó entrevista a 226 trabajadores aplicando un cuestionario que fue validado mediante juicio de expertos y una prueba piloto; tipo de muestreo aleatorio simple; los cálculos fueron realizados con nivel de confianza de 95%. Principales medidas de resultados: Automedicación. Resultados: La prevalencia de automedicación fue 79%. El 63% refirió su uso por falta de tiempo para ir al médico y su uso favorable como antecedente. El 95% conocía que el uso de la automedicación es un riesgo para su salud. El 91% lo adquirió en farmacias y boticas, donde 92% refiere que no le solicitaron receta médica. Conclusiones: Existió una elevada prevalencia de automedicación en estos trabajadores, a pesar de encontrase en una institución de salud. La falta de tiempo, el antecedente de uso favorable y la fácil adquisición de medicamentos fueron las características más importantes de la automedicación

Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer. Methods: We collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI. Results: ICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8-32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3-10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI. Conclusions: Patients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks