Descentralización de la educación y su impacto en la cobertura y la calidad. Revisión de alguna. Literatura comparada

El objeto principal de este artículo de revisión, es realizar un estudio bibliográfico sobre la Descentralización de la educación y su impacto en la cobertura y la calidad, con una mirada comparativa entre Colombia y algunos países de la región. De lo anterior, se planteó la siguiente pregunta. ¿La descentralización permitió avances en cobertura y calidad de la educación para algunos países de nuestra región? Debido a la importancia que tiene la educación en el crecimiento del país y de la región, es importante realizar un estudio en el cual se pueda verificar si la descentralización de la educación aportó o no a la cobertura y la calidad de la misma. Por lo anterior, se procedió a realizar una lectura y análisis del proceso de descentralización de los siguientes países: México, Brasil, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay y Colombia. Referente a la selección de los países, esta se realizó sobre la característica principal de que pertenece a la región latinoamericana y que han tenido procesos políticos, sociales y económicos parecidos. De acuerdo a la información encontrada y al análisis de los artículos científicos respecto del tema descentralización de la educación, se tomó como muestra en este artículo los países antes mencionados, en los cuales se estudió el proceso de descentralización de la educación dentro de cada uno y cómo fue su financiamiento, con las anteriores variables se podría identificar sí dicho proceso aportó o no a la calidad y cobertura de la educación en la misma región. Para el caso de Colombia se tomaron artículos que incluyeran información sobre el tema de calidad y cobertura de la educación en los últimos 20 años, donde la descentralización ha sido una política de Estado sobre este tema. De esta manera se identificó que en toda Latinoamérica después de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, dieran comienzo a procesos de organización administrativa, política y fiscal en cada en uno de los países. Una de las decisiones fue el inicio de la descentralización del poder para lograr que el Estado llegue a cada una de las poblaciones civiles y de esta manera tener un mayor acceso, eficacia, cobertura y calidad en la educación. Para este caso la educación en dichos países se ha permeabilizado de dicho proceso.The main objective of this review article is to carry out a bibliographical study on the Decentralization of education and its impact on coverage and quality, with a comparative view between Colombia and some countries of the region. From the above, the following question was asked. Did decentralization allow progress in coverage and quality of education for some countries in our region? Due to the importance of education in the growth of the country and the region, it is important to carry out a study in which it can be verified whether or not the decentralization of education contributed to the coverage and quality of education. Therefore, a reading and analysis of the process of decentralization of the following countries were carried out: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay and Colombia. Regarding the selection of the countries, this one was realized on the main characteristic that belongs to the Latin American region and that they have had similar political, social and economic processes. According to the information found and the analysis of the scientific articles on the topic of decentralization of education, the countries mentioned above were taken as sample in this article, in which the process of decentralization of education within each one was studied and How it was financed, with the above variables could be identified if said process contributed or not to the quality and coverage of education in the same region. In the case of Colombia, articles were included that included information on the quality and coverage of education in the last 20 years, where decentralization has been a State policy on this subject. In this way, it was identified that in all Latin America after the second half of the last century, administrative, political and fiscal organization processes began in each of the countries. One of the decisions was the beginning of the decentralization of power to get the state to reach each of the civilian populations and thus have greater access, efficiency, coverage and quality in education. In this case, education in these countries has permeated the process

Design of a Segmentation and Classification System for Seed Detection Based on Pixel Intensity Thresholds and Convolutional Neural Networks

Due to the computational power and memory of modern computers, computer vision techniques and neural networks can be used to develop a visual inspection system of agricultural products to satisfy product quality requirements. This chapter employs artificial vision techniques to classify seeds in RGB images. As a first step, an algorithm based on pixel intensity threshold is developed to detect and classify a set of different seed types, such as rice, beans, and lentils. Then, the information inferred by this algorithm is exploited to develop a neural network model, which successfully achieves learning classification and detection tasks through a semantic-segmentation scheme. The applicability and satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithms are illustrated by testing with real images, achieving an average accuracy of 92% in the selected set of classes. The experimental results verify that both algorithms can directly detect and classify the proposed set of seeds in input RGB images. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

A Mitosis Block Links Active Cell Cycle with Human Epidermal Differentiation and Results in Endoreplication

How human self-renewal tissues co-ordinate proliferation with differentiation is unclear. Human epidermis undergoes continuous cell growth and differentiation and is permanently exposed to mutagenic hazard. Keratinocytes are thought to arrest cell growth and cell cycle prior to terminal differentiation. However, a growing body of evidence does not satisfy this model. For instance, it does not explain how skin maintains tissue structure in hyperproliferative benign lesions. We have developed and applied novel cell cycle techniques to human skin in situ and determined the dynamics of key cell cycle regulators of DNA replication or mitosis, such as cyclins E, A and B, or members of the anaphase promoting complex pathway: cdc14A, Ndc80/Hec1 and Aurora kinase B. The results show that actively cycling keratinocytes initiate terminal differentiation, arrest in mitosis, continue DNA replication in a special G2/M state, and become polyploid by mitotic slippage. They unambiguously demonstrate that cell cycle progression coexists with terminal differentiation, thus explaining how differentiating cells increase in size. Epidermal differentiating cells arrest in mitosis and a genotoxic-induced mitosis block rapidly pushes epidermal basal cells into differentiation and polyploidy. These observations unravel a novel mitosis-differentiation link that provides new insight into skin homeostasis and cancer. It might constitute a self-defence mechanism against oncogenic alterations such as Myc deregulation

Nolanville Comprehensive Plan 2021-2041

Nearly five years after the completion of the 2015 Comprehensive Plan, TxTC partnered with the City of Nolanville again in 2019 with the ENDEAVR project. ENDEAVR (Envisioning the Neo-traditional Development by Embracing the Autonomous Vehicles Realm)— is an ambitious project to re-envision ”smart” city solutions in small towns with students from a wide range of university degree programs in urban planning, landscape architecture, visualization, computer science, and civil, electrical and mechanical engineering. ENDEAVR launched in 2018 with a $300,000 grant from the Keck Foundation, which supports projects that promote inventive educational approaches. The City of Nolanville sought to explore “smart” city solutions to make efficient and prudent improvements to traffic flow, public safety, optimize utility systems, high-bandwidth digital networks, and foster autonomous vehicles. Additionally, TxTC included these “smart” city solutions to update its 2015 comprehensive plan. The new 2020 comprehensive plan embeds “smart” city solutions into its priorities and capital improvement projects to foster diversity and continue to make Nolanville “A Great Place to Live”

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation