Why a World State Is Unnecessary: The Continuing Debate on World Government

The discussion of the possibility of world government has been revived since the end of the Cold War and particularly after the turn of the millennium. It has engaged many authors. In this article, I provide a survey of the continuing debate on world government. I explore the leading question of the debate, whether the conditions of insecurity in which states are placed and other global problems that face contemporary humanity require the creation of a global authority, and consequently, the establishment of a world state. After a careful analysis I suggest that a world state is neither necessary nor inevitable nor desirable. I argue that the plurality of nation-states that form an international society has a great advantage over a world state. It supports the diversity of character and culture, and sustains the continuous progress of humankind

Tractatus Politico-Philosophicus: New Directions for the Future Development of Humankind

Tractatus Politico-Philosophicus (Political-Philosophical Treatise) aims to establish the principles of good governance and of a happy society, and to open up new directions for the future development of humankind. W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz demonstrates the necessity of, and provides a guide for, the redirection of humanity. He argues that this paradigm shift must involve changing the character of social life and politics from competitive to cooperative, encouraging moral and intellectual virtues, providing foundations for happy societies, promoting peace among countries and building a strong international community

On the History of Political Philosophy: Great Political Thinkers from Thucydides to Locke

On the History of Political Philosophy: Great Political Thinkers from Thucydides to Locke is a lively and lucid account of the major political theorists and philosophers of the ancient Greek, Roman, medieval, renaissance, and early modern periods. The author demonstrates the continuing significance of some political debates and problems that originated in the history of political philosophy. Topics include discussions concerning human nature, different views of justice, the origin of government and law, the rise and development of different forms of government, idealism and realism in international relations, the distinction between just and unjust war, and the sources of public authority and the nature of legitimate sovereignty. The organizing principle of the book is the idea that the great political thinkers were searching for the best political order and a criterion for human conduct in both domestic and international politics. The book presupposes no previous knowledge of political philosophy. It will therefore be a valuable introductory book for students of philosophy, politics, and international relations. As it opens eyes to the perceptions that historical knowledge may convey, it will also be an illuminating and engaging reading for a general reader

Attosecond streaking enables the measurement of quantum phase

Attosecond streaking, as a measurement technique, was originally conceived as a means to characterize attosecond light pulses, which is a good approximation if the relevant transition matrix elements are approximately constant within the bandwidth of the light pulse. Our analysis of attosecond streaking measurements on systems with complex response to the photoionizing pulse establishes a relation between the momentum-space wave function of the outgoing electron and the result of conventional retrieval algorithms. This finding enables the measurement of the quantum phase associated with bound-continuum transition matrix elements.Comment: similar to the version accepted for publication in PR

ESCOLA DE REFORMA: O NASCIMENTO DO CÁRCERE FEMININO NO BRASIL

The objective of this work will be to present the birth of the female prison in Brazil through the case study of the Escola da Reforma, in order to verify the conditions that contributed to the emergence of the Escola de Reforma as a prison model administered by the congregation of nuns of Bom Pastor. Therefore, the sources that support this research were multiple. The methodology used was document analysis through qualitative research of content and discourse analysis. The work will analyze the birth of the female prison from its moral oppressors – Church, State and society – who sought to draw a behavior profile for women in that context in an attempt to exclude deviant behavior from society. It is concluded that since the birth of the first women's prison in Brazil, State, society and church have been agents who have shaped behaviors in order to determine roles for women, dressed up with the idea of ​​doing good through “resocialization and preservation of morals”.O objetivo deste trabalho será apresentar o nascimento da prisão feminina no Brasil através do estudo de caso da Escola de Reforma, de modo a verificar as condicionantes que contribuíram para o surgimento desta instituição enquanto modelo prisional administrado pela congregação de freiras do Bom Pastor. Para tanto, as fontes que respaldam esta pesquisa foram múltiplas. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental através da pesquisa qualitativa de análise de conteúdo e discurso. O trabalho irá analisar o nascimento da prisão feminina a partir dos seus opressores morais – igreja, estado e sociedade –, que buscaram traçar um perfil de comportamento para as mulheres daquele contexto na tentativa de excluir da sociedade os comportamentos desviantes. Conclui-se que desde o nascimento da primeira prisão feminina no Brasil, estado, sociedade e igreja foram agentes que moldaram comportamentos no intuito de determinar papeis às mulheres, travestidos com a ideia de fazer o bem através da “ressocialização e preservação da moral”