Interfacial Properties of Polyethylene Glycol/Vinyltriethoxysilane (PEG/VTES) Copolymers and their Application to Stain Resistance

In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) were used in different proportions to produce a series of PEG–VTES copolymers. The copolymer molecular structures were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, their surface activities were evaluated by evaluating the surface tension, contact angle, and foaming properties. The results showed that these surfactants exhibited excellent surface activities and wetting power, as well as low foaming. Consequently, the application of a series of PEG/VTES copolymers can make cotton fabrics stain resistant

Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects

BackgroundOrganophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.ObjectivesInvestigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.MethodsDifferent age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.ResultsThe mean level of urinary Σ10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups (p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p<0.001). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ5OPFRs (TDCPP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, and TPHP) was 2,230, 461, 130, and 184 ng/kg bw/day for newborns, 1-5 yr children, 6-10 yr children, and 11-17 yr adolescents, respectively. The EDI of Σ5OPFRs for newborns was 4.83-17.2 times higher than the other age groups. Urinary OPFR metabolites are significantly correlated with birth length and chest circumference in newborns.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first investigation of urinary OPFR metabolite levels in a broad-spectrum young population. There tended to be higher exposure rates in both newborns and pre-schoolers, though little is known about their exposure levels or factors leading to exposure in the young population. Further studies should clarify the exposure levels and factor relationships

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

The application of metal/metallo-organic compound mixed paste in microelectronic bonding

Taking the advantage of low sintering temperature and high processing flexibility, Ag nanoparticles have been widely used in interconnect technology. In addition the applications as circuits for flexible electronics, the development of nano-Ag pastes for electrode bonding attracts much attention. In order to cut the material cost, Cu NPs were recently considered as a replacement for Ag NPs in nanoparticle-based interconnect applications. Cu has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity (only 6 % less that that of Ag) and much lower price. However, it suffers from easy oxidation. Alloying with Ag appear promising for improve the oxidation resistance. In this study, copper formate which possesses the benefits of low thermal dissociation temperature, low price, as well as easy storage were mixed with Ag particles with two sizes (carboxylate-protected nanoparticles and submicron particles by thermal pyrolysis) respectively to prepare composite pastes. TGA analytical results suggest that the residual precursor decomposition/surfactant desorption temperature of Ag particles can be significantly reduced with the additions of copper formate and a-terpineol. Subjected to thermal bonding under 10MPa in N2 atomosphere, Cu to Cu joints bonded with nanoparticle composite pastes exhibit excellent shear strength (41MPa when bonded at 250oC and 35MPa at 200oC). The joint strength of submicron-Ag composite pastes was inferior. Based on the experimental results, it has been verified that copper formate can lower the sintering temperature and reduce the surface oxide layer of Cu substrate. Moreover, it can form supersaturated Ag-Cu solid solution with Ag nanoparticles, retard the grain growth of sintered structure and thus contribute to robust Cu/Cu bonding at room temperature and 250oC.在電子封裝產業中，奈米銀粒子之低熔點與低燒結溫度特性為現今微電子構裝發展相當重要的一環，除了軟板電子導線之外，作為電極接合的應用上亦逐漸受到矚目，但由於銀價格較為高昂，也因此成本較為低廉且具低電阻(1.8 Ω·cm)之Cu相當具發展潛力，但極易氧化之特性會造成其應用之阻礙，有效改善方法之一即形成Cu-Ag合金。本研究使用擁有低裂解溫度(約200oC)、容易保存、價格低廉之甲酸銅作為前驅物，分別混合以羧酸作為保護劑之奈米銀顆粒及噴霧熱解法製備之次微米銀顆粒製成複合漿料。熱重熱差分析結果顯示，當甲酸銅混和兩種尺度之銀顆粒並添加-松油醇，可大幅降低銀顆粒之熱裂解/脫附溫度。於荷重10 MPa在氮氣氣氛下進行Cu/Cu熱壓，奈米銀/甲酸銅接點剪變破壞強度於熱壓溫度200oC時即可達35MPa，而熱壓溫度為250oC時接點強度可超越40MPa，次微米銀/甲酸銅的強度則略遜。本研究發現甲酸銅的添加可有效還原銅基材表面氧化層，並與奈米銀形成過飽和銀銅固溶體(Ag-15at%Cu)，其燒結體晶粒不易粗大，以上因素促使奈米銀/甲酸銅漿料接合之Cu/Cu接點於室溫及250oC均具有優異強度表現。總目錄 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 總目錄 III 圖目錄 IV 表目錄 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 2 2.1 銅對銅發展現況 2 2.2 高功率晶片固晶接合之發展 3 2.3 奈米銀銀粒子及漿料 4 2.3.1 銀奈米粒子之製備方法 4 2.3.2 金屬鹽類還原至被晚羧酸保護銀奈米粒子 5 2.3.3 噴霧熱解法製備銀奈米粒子 6 2.3.4 銀漿料製備 7 2.4 有機鹽類熱裂解製備金屬導線及接點 9 第三章 實驗步驟 37 3.1 複合金屬粒子及漿料製備 37 3.1.1合成以月桂酸為保護劑之銀奈米粒子 (Ag-O2C12) 37 3.1.2噴霧熱解法製備次微米等級混和奈米等級銀顆粒 38 3.1.3低溫真空脫水製備去水甲酸銅 38 3.1.4 AgA400/Ag-O2C12銀粒子混合甲酸銅之金屬漿料製備 39 3.2 複合金屬粒子及漿料各項性質分析 39 3.2.1 矽基板清洗 39 3.2.2 熱重熱差分析 39 3.2.3 四點探針電性量測 40 3.2.4 X光繞射分析 40 3.2.5 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 41 3.3 熱壓製程及接點組織與機性分析 41 3.4 甲酸銅漿料還原氧化銅 43 第四章 實驗結果與討論 51 4.1 複合粒子及其漿料之性質 51 4.2 複合漿料熱壓Cu/Cu接點之分析 53 4.3 甲酸銅還原氧化銅基材之分析 55 第五章 結論 79 參考文獻 80 圖目錄 圖2-1 Cu-Cu熱壓接點組織[22]：(a)接合前；(b)400˚C持溫30鐘之熱壓接合組織；(c)接合後再經400˚C退火30分鐘後界面顯微組織；(d)製程條件(接合溫度、退火溫度與時間)對Cu-Cu接合狀況關係圖。 16 圖2-2 Cu-Sn-Cu結構接點於250 oC經不同恆溫時間組織變化[23]：(a)~(c)，及(d)全Cu3Sn銲點 17 圖2-3 大阪大學Suganuma教授提出之純Zn固晶材料[32]：(a)所採用之SiC模組示意圖，(b)-50oC~300oC熱衝擊結果(thermal shock, 比對材Pb-5Sn)，以及經500 cycles熱衝擊銲點組織：(c)純Zn，(d)Pb-5Sn 18 圖2-4 長碳鏈的烷基羧酸為保護劑之銀奈米粒子[40]：(a) 十四烷基羧酸 (b) 十八烷基羧酸 (c) 油酸 19 圖2-5 Ag-C9H19CO2 奈米銀顆粒[43]：(a) TEM影像、繞射圖及粒徑分佈；批覆於Si基板之Ag奈米粒子沈積經300oC 1小時處理形成連續導線之(b)上視圖及(c)側視圖 20 圖2-6 Ag-C11H23CO2奈米銀顆粒[44](a) TEM影像室溫三天(b)-25oC保存30天(c)含0.5 wt%月桂酸溶液保存30天 21 圖2-7 經熱裂解之銀粒子形成機制[45] 22 圖2-8 不同?燒溫度銀粒子形成之形貌示意圖[48] 22 圖2-9 Liu等人[49]以直接輸出(Direct writing)技術製備微導線(a)，SEM下觀察銀導電漿料於燒結溫度250˚C，持溫15分鐘後之網狀結構的導電膜形貌(b) 23 圖2-10 Hu等人[50]以銀奈米漿料於不同溫度：(a)180˚C(b)200˚C，(c)220˚C，(d)240˚C下恆溫熱處理20分鐘所製備導電膜之SEM顯微影像。 24 圖2-11 導電油墨於熱處理[51] (a)前，(b)後之表面形貌(700˚C for 15分) 25 圖2-12 Suganuma等人[52]利用製備不同粒徑：(a)微米銀粒子，(b)次微米銀粒子，混摻製備銀漿料。 25 圖2-13 Suganuma 等人[52]分別利用(a)不同溶劑(EG：Ethylene glycol,乙二醇；ET：Ethanol,乙醇)與微米銀粉研製金屬漿料，(b)不同比例之次微米級銀粒子混摻研製金屬漿料，(c)不同熱處理時間之條件下(hybrid paste：混摻50%微米銀粒子及50%次微米銀粒子研製金屬漿料)，探討對電阻率之影響。((a)依某一燒結溫度下，持溫30分鐘；(b) 200˚C for 30分鐘；(c)200˚C) 26 圖2-14 Suganuma等人[52]分別利用微米級銀粒子及混摻不同粒徑之銀粒子研製金屬料(a)-(c)：微米級銀漿料，(d)-(f)：不同粒徑之銀粒子所研製之金屬漿料，於200˚C下，熱處理(a)(d)：5分鐘，(b)(e)：10分鐘，(c)(f)：30分鐘後的截面組織形貌。 27 圖2-15 Suganuma等人[52]熱處理以混摻不同粒徑之銀粒子研製金屬漿料於200˚C下，熱處理30分鐘後，獲得一兼具強度富可撓性的導電膜。 27 圖2-16 Park等人[53]利用不同成份及比例(微米粒子:奈米粒子=50:20,60:10 in wt%;玻璃粉末:3wt% or 6wt%;商業漿料溶劑:27wt% or 24wt%)研製銀漿料(N20G3:奈米粒子(20wt%)，玻璃粉末(3wt%)及商業漿料溶劑(27wt%);N10G3:奈米粒子(10wt%)，玻璃粉末(3wt%)及商業漿料溶劑(27wt%);N10G6:奈米粒子(10wt%)，玻璃粉末(6wt%)及商業漿料溶劑(24wt%))，於熱處理溫度400˚C-550˚C下，持溫15分鐘，探討電阻率之變化。 28 圖2-17 Yan等人[54]銀漿料應用於晶片與軟性電路板接合之接點剪力結果。29 圖2-18 Yang等人[64]在不同溫度燒結60分鐘之銅薄膜 (a)260oC(b) 290oC (c) 320oC圖中選取之區域為EDS分析之區域。 30 圖2-19 Lee等人[65]之copper(II) neodecanoate之TGA分析。 31 圖2-20 Kim等人[66](a)使用200oC燒結2分鐘，再以250oC還原2,5,10分鐘之實驗結果，並觀察不同漿料及不同還原時間其孔隙率及電阻率之變化(b)為不同漿料經由200oC燒結2分鐘，再以250oC還原2,5,10分鐘之SEM圖。 32 圖2-21 Yabuki等人使用[67](a) 45wt%copper (II) formate tetrahydrate混和55wt% n-octyl amine of (b) copper (II)formate tetrahydrate之TGA分析。 33 圖2-22 Yabuki等人[67]使用不同溫度於氮氣氣氛下燒結有機銅胺漿料60分鐘之(a)電阻率變化(b) 110oC (b) 140oC (c) 160oC 之粒徑大小觀測。 34 圖2-23 Mu等人[68]分別量測(a) Triethylene glucol (TEG)，(b) Ag2O及(c) Ag2O混和TEG漿料之TGA及DTA分析 (d)為Ag20混TEG之漿料在不同溫度、時間之燒結條件下之結果(e)為純Ag20在不同溫度、時間之燒結條件下之結果。35 圖2-24 Mu等人[68]將Ag2O漿料(a)以不同溫度及壓力燒結5分鐘(b)以不同壓力在250oC燒結5分鐘之強度變化 36 圖3-1 實驗流程示意圖 46 圖3-2 噴霧熱解法製備(AgA400)示意圖 47 圖3-3 Cu-to-Cu試片接合後示意圖 48 圖3-4 控溫氣氛加壓系統示意圖 48 圖3-5 剪力試驗示意圖 49 圖3-6 甲酸銅還原氧化銅之TEM試片製備示意圖 50 圖4-1 單一組成物升溫過程TGA 圖譜(a)Copper formate (b) Ag-O2C12 (c) AgA400 56 圖4-2 混合物升溫過程TGA 圖譜(a) 75wt% Ag-O2C12混25wt%甲酸銅(b)75wt% AgA400混25wt%甲酸銅 57 圖4-3 複合漿料升溫過程TGA圖譜(a) 52.5wt% Ag-O2C12混17.5wt% 甲酸銅混30wt% -terpineol (b)52.5wt% AgA400混17.5wt%甲酸銅混30wt% -terpineol 58 圖4-4 單一組成物FT-IR圖譜(a) 甲酸銅 (b) Ag-O2C12 (c) AgA400 59 圖4-5 混合物FT-IR圖譜(a) 75wt%Ag-O2C12混25wt%甲酸銅(b)75wt% AgA400混25wt%甲酸銅 60 圖4-6 X光繞射圖譜之繞射峰 (a)NCP (b)SCP 61 圖4-7 塗佈於矽基板之漿料在氮氫還原氣氛下於 275oC燒結30分鐘之SEM影像：(a)NCP，(b)SCP 62 圖4-8 不同漿料及溫度在氮氣氣氛下以10MPa接合30分鐘之接點剪力強度63 圖4-9 於氮氣氣氛下250oC熱壓30分鐘之銅/銅接點組織SEM影像：(a)NCP(機械拋光)，(b)NCP (FIB 剖面)，(c)SCP (機械拋光)，(d) SCP (FIB 剖面) 64 圖4-10 NCP熱壓燒結之銅/銅接點介面處TEM影像與元素線掃描 65 圖4-11 NCP熱壓燒結之銅/銅接點內組織TEM影像與元素面掃描 66 圖4-12 SCP熱壓燒結之銅/銅接點組織TEM影像及燒結體與銅基材間元素線掃描 67 圖4-13 不同漿料銅/銅接點於室溫及250oC下做剪力強度 68 圖4-14 經剪變破壞之NCP銅/銅接點破斷面形貌：(a)室溫(MP) (b) 250oC (CP)69 圖4-15 經剪變破壞之SCP銅/銅接點破斷面形貌：(a)室溫 (CP) (b) 250oC (CP)70 圖4-16 經室溫剪變破壞之NCP銅/銅接點破斷面ESCA能譜(a) Ag3d (b) Cu2p (c) C1s (d) O1s 71 圖4-17 經室溫剪變破壞之NCP銅/銅接點破斷面ESCA元素縱深分析 72 圖4-18 經室溫剪變破壞之SCP銅/銅接點破斷面ESCA能譜 (a) Ag3d (b) Cu2p (c) C1s (d) O1s 73 圖4-19 經室溫剪變破壞之SCP銅/銅接點破斷面ESCA元素縱深分析 74 圖4-20 已氧化之銅表面經甲酸銅還原前後之FTIR光譜 75 圖4-21 在250oC大氣氣氛氧化30分鐘之氧化銅TEM影像與元素面掃描 76 圖4-22 甲酸銅漿料塗佈於氧化銅表面並經由250oC氮氣氣氛燒結30分鐘之試片剖面觀察與元素線分析 77 圖4-23 以甲酸銅還原經氧化之銅表面ESCA元素縱深分佈：(a)還原前，(b)還原後 78   表目錄 表2-1 共析出法製備奈米粒子的前驅物、還原溶液及平均粒徑[35] 12 表2-2 水相法製備羧酸保護銀奈米粒子之平均粒徑及多分散性[41] 13 表2-3 調配鹽類漿料參考文獻。 14 表2-4 單一成分漿料與複合漿料於不同退火溫度、時間之電阻率比較 (a) copper(II) neodecanoate(b) copper(II) neodecanoate混copper nitrite[65] 15 表3-1 實驗使用之藥品清單 44 表3-2 實驗配置之漿料重量比 45 表3-3 熱重分析之實驗樣品 4

The Value of Oxygenation Saturation Index in Predicting the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

This study aims to investigate the association between oxygenation saturation index (OSI) and the outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, and assess the predictive performance of OSI for ARDS patients’ mortality. This study was conducted at one regional hospital with 66 adult intensive care unit (ICU) beds. All patients with ARDS were identified between November 1 2016 and May 31 2018, and their clinical information was retrospectively collected. The lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SpO2/FiO2 ratio and highest mean airway pressure (MAP) were recorded on the first day of ARDS; and oxygen index (OI) and OSI were calculated as (FiO2 × MAP × 100)/PaO2, and (FiO2 × MAP × 100) /SpO2 accordingly. During the study period, a total of 101 patients with ARDS were enrolled, and their mean age was 69.2 years. The overall in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rate was 57.4% and 61.4%, respectively. The patients with in-ICU mortality had higher APACHE II score than the survivors (31.6 ± 9.8 vs. 23.0 ± 9.1, p < 0.001). In addition, mortalities had lower SpO2, and SpO2/FiO2 ratios than the survivors (both p < 0.05). In contrast, survivors had lower OI, and OSI than the mortalities (both p = 0.008). Both OSI (area under curve (AUC) = 0.656, p = 0.008) and OI (AUC = 0.654, p = 0.008) had good predictive performance of mortality among ARDS patients using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves analysis. In addition, the AUC of SpO2/FiO2 (AUC = 0.616, p = 0.046) had better performance for mortality prediction than PaO2/FiO2 (AUC = 0.603, p = 0.08). The patients with OSI greater than 12 had a higher risk of mortality than OSI < 12 (adjusted OR, 5.22, 95% CI, 1.31–20.76, p = 0.019). In contrast, OI, PaO2/FiO2, and SpO2/FiO2 were not found to be significantly associated with increased mortality. OSI is significantly associated with the increased mortality of ARDS patients and can also be a good outcome predictor

Development of Cu-Ag pastes for high temperature sustainable bonding

The combination of excellent electrical conductivity and low cost makes copper a good selection for interconnect materials. However, rapid oxidation of Cu nanoparticles especially at high temperatures is a fatal demerit. To improve the oxidation resistance and realized mass production, Cu@Ag core-shell submicron particles were prepared using commercial copper oxide particles through a low temperature reduction method and subsequent electroless-plating to form Ag shells. Thermal analytical results suggest that Ag coated Cu particles show improved anti-oxidation ability. Mixed with Ag submicron particles obtained from thermal spray pyrolysis, the electrical resistivity of the sintered Cu-Ag composite pastes reaches 10.4 μΩ cm under a reductive atmosphere. Under the bonding pressure of 10 MPa at 275 °C for 30 min, robust Cu to Cu bonding can be achieved with the Cu-Ag composite pastes, for which the shear strength of the joints reaches 32.7 MPa, and it remains 28.2 MPa as the bonding pressure is reduced to 5 MPa. It was also demonstrated that the joints thus formed have superior elevated temperature strength, and excellent reliability subjected to high temperature storage at 250 °C as well as thermal cycling ranged from −65 °C to 150 °C

Development of Cu-Ag pastes for high temperature sustainable bonding

The combination of excellent electrical conductivity and low cost makes copper a good selection for interconnect materials. However, rapid oxidation of Cu nanoparticles especially at high temperatures is a fatal demerit. To improve the oxidation resistance and realized mass production, Cu@Ag core-shell submicron particles were prepared using commercial copper oxide particles through a low temperature reduction method and subsequent electroless-plating to form Ag shells. Thermal analytical results suggest that Ag coated Cu particles show improved anti-oxidation ability. Mixed with Ag submicron particles obtained from thermal spray pyrolysis, the electrical resistivity of the sintered Cu-Ag composite pastes reaches 10.4 μΩ cm under a reductive atmosphere. Under the bonding pressure of 10 MPa at 275 °C for 30 min, robust Cu to Cu bonding can be achieved with the Cu-Ag composite pastes, for which the shear strength of the joints reaches 32.7 MPa, and it remains 28.2 MPa as the bonding pressure is reduced to 5 MPa. It was also demonstrated that the joints thus formed have superior elevated temperature strength, and excellent reliability subjected to high temperature storage at 250 °C as well as thermal cycling ranged from −65 °C to 150 °C

Clinical utility of mean platelet volume and immature platelet fraction in acute coronary syndromeAt a glance commentary

Background: Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients with ACS have an increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and immature platelet fraction (IPF) resulting in elevation of thrombotic ability. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of MPV and IPF in identifying suspected ACS patients at emergency department. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between MPV or IPF with initial troponin I (TnI), one of the current ACS biomarkers. Methods: This was a single-center study recruiting suspected ACS patients who had acute chest pain at the emergency department. Whole blood samples were obtained from all participants and MPV and IPF were measured by Sysmex XE-5000 hematology analyzer within 20 min of blood sampling. The diagnostic values of MPV and IPF in identifying ACS were analyzed retrospectively. Result: In this study, 63 in 104 suspected ACS patients were diagnosed as ACS (65.3%). MPV and IPF were higher in ACS patients compared to non-ACS patients (MPV: 10.7 ± 0.80 fL vs 10.0 ± 0.64 fL, p < 0.001; IPF: 3.7 ± 2.64% vs 3.1 ± 2.69%, p = 0.030). MPV and IPF were similar in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction patients. We showed that elevation of MPV could be an independent predictive factor of ACS (odds ratio: 5.038). At the optimal cut-off value of 10.55 fL (AUC 95% CI: 0.637–0.836), the diagnostic performance of MPV in predicting ACS had an area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.736 with sensitivity and specificity of 54.2% and 82.8%, respectively. Patients with both of initial TnI and MPV higher than the established cut-off value had increased incidence (3.792 fold) for ACS development compared to patients with TnI below the cut-off value. Furthermore, diagnosing ACS with both MPV and initial TnI increased the positive predictive value from 84.2% to 86.7%. No correlation was observed between MPV or IPF and the mortality rate of ACS patients (MPV: 3.8% vs 11.1%, p = 0.300; IPF: 12.0% vs 37.5%, p = 0.054). Conclusion: Here we show that ACS patients have higher MPV and IPF compared to non-ACS patients. We further demonstrate that MPV can be utilized as an independent predictor for early diagnosis of low-risk ACS patients who have acute chest pain. Keywords: Mean platelet volume, Immature platelet fraction, Acute coronary syndrome, Troponin