Exposure rate of cardiovascular risk factors among clients of health-care clinics in Kashan, Autumn 2010

زمینه و هدف: بیماری های قلبی وعروقی، بیماری های غیر واگیر هستند که توسط عوامل متعدد ایجاد می شوند. یکی از مهمترین آنها، سبک زندگی ناسالم است. در ایران این بیماری از مشکلات دهه اخیر بوده و از سویی در مقایسه با 10 علت اول مرگ و میر در سال 1387، با 8./44 بیش ترین عامل مرگ و میر در شهر کاشان بوده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان مواجهه با عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی در شهر کاشان می باشد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 336 نفرمراجعه کنندگان به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی کاشان که به صورت خوشه ای انتخاب شده بودند انجام گرفت. اطلاعات بوسیله پرسشنامه سبک زندگی که از 5 قسمت اطلاعات دموگرافیک، سابقه بیماری، تغذیه، مصرف سیگار و فعالیت بدنی تشکیل شده بود جمع آوری و با کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین شاخص توده بدنی (BMI) بین افراد 69/25 بود. شایع ترین ریسک فاکتورها در بین افراد به ترتیب عبارت بودند از: مصرف غذای سرخ کرده (9/97)، مصرف کم ماهی (8/90)، مصرف کم حبوبات (8/79)، مصرف کم تخم مرغ (3/75) مصرف زیاد گوشت قرمز (3/69)، مصرف زیاد شیرینی جات (9/67)، مصرف غذای چرب (7/66) و میزان کم فعالیت بدنی (4/66) می باشد. بین سبک زندگی با جنسیت (016/0=P) و تحصیلات (019/0=P) و فعالیت بدنی با شغل (013/0=P) رابطه ی معنی داری یافت شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه سبک زندگی افراد در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار نداشته در نتیجه لزوم توجه و آموزش بیشتر در جهت کاهش مصرف غذای سرخ کرده، گوشت قرمز، غذای چرب و شیرینی جات و افزایش متعادل مصرف ماهی، حبوبات، تخم مرغ، میوه جات و سبزیجات، در رژیم غذایشان افزایش فعالیت بدنی و کاهش مصرف سیگار توصیه می شود.

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

The Recension of the Conics of Apollonius by Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī : text, translation and commentaries of Book I

Le traité des Coniques, rédigé en huit livres par Apollonius de Perge (IIIe-IIe avant J.-C.) est l’une des grandes œuvres des mathématiques grecques qui examine les propriétés fondamentales des sections coniques. Ce traité a connu une longue histoire de transmission. Traduit en arabe au IXe siècle à Bagdad, il a suscité de nouvelles recherches dans divers domaines des mathématiques en langue arabe. De plus, il a été l’objet de plusieurs nouvelles rédactions sous la forme d’abrégés, rectifications et recensions, dont l’objectif était de faciliter l’accès aux Coniques et d’enrichir le texte initial.L’un de ces écrits auxquels ont donné lieu les Coniques en arabe a été réalisé par le mathématicien et philosophe du XIIIe siècle, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201 – 1274) qui a également fourni des recensions d’autres traités mathématiques. Jusqu’à présent, la Recension des Coniques d’al-Ṭūsī n’avait pas fait l’objet d’étude appropriée. Une telle étude permet d’estimer dans quelle mesure le texte initial de la traduction arabe des Coniques a été modifié et enrichi au fil du temps. De plus, il nous éclaire sur la destinée réservée à ce traité dans le monde arabo-musulman. Cette thèse se propose de remplir une partie de cette tâche. Elle se divise en quatre chapitres. Le chapitre I traite du problème de transmission des Coniques vers la langue arabe ainsi que des applications des coniques dans les mathématiques de langue arabes. Le chapitre II est consacré à la recension d’al-Ṭūsī, le problème de son attribution, ses sources, etc. Les chapitres III et IV contiennent la première édition critique du premier livre de la Recension des Coniques par al-Ṭūsī, accompagnée de la traduction française et de commentaires mathématiques et historiques.L’examen du texte d’al-Ṭūsī nous a montré que cette recension comporte des termes techniques, des formulations et des figures géométriques empruntés au Résumé des Coniques de l’un de ses prédécesseurs, Maḥmūd Ibn Qāsim al-Iṣfahānī (XIIe siècle). Pour cette raison, nous avons également entrepris une étude du livre I du Résumé des Coniques. Cette étude, qui figure en annexe dans cette thèse, comprend la première édition critique du livre I de ce traité, ainsi que la traduction française et les commentaires mathématiques d’une partie du livre I consacrée à l’explication du nouveau lexique forgé par l’auteur.The treatise of Conics, written in eight Books by Apollonius of Perga (III-II BC) is one of the greatest Greek mathematical works, which examines the fundamental properties of conic sections. This treatise has a long history of transmission. The Conics was translated into Arabic in 9th century in Bagdad, and it contributed to the new research in several fields of mathematics in Islamic world. Moreover, several new redactions of the Conics – entitled abridgement, rectification and recension – were composed in order to facilitate the access to this treatise and to enrich the initial text.One of the Arabic writings to which gave rise the Conics was due to Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201 – 1274), the mathematician and philosopher of 13th century, who has provided also the new recensions of other mathematical treatises. Until now, the Recension of the Conics by al-Ṭūsī had been never the subject of a separate study. Such a study enables us to estimate the extent to which the initial Arabic translation of the Conics had been enriching over the time. Furthermore, it sheds light on the destiny of the transmission of this treatise into the medieval Islamic world. The aim of this thesis is to partially fill this gap. It is divided into four chapters. Chapter I treat the problem of the transmission of the Conics to the Arabic language as well as the applications of conics in the mathematics written in the Arabic language. Chapter II is devoted to the recension of the Conics by al-Ṭūsī, the problem of its attribution, its sources, etc. Chapters III and IV present the first critical edition of the first Book of the Recension of the Conics by al-Ṭūsī, accompanying the French translation and the mathematical and historical analysis.During our research on the recension of al-Ṭūsī, we found out that it contains technical terms, some formulations and geometrical figures borrowed from one of his predecessors, Maḥmūd ibn Qāsim al-Iṣfahānī (12th century). For this reason, we have extended our research to the study of the redaction of al-Iṣfahānī, namely The Summery of the Conics. The results of this study are presented as an Appendix, which includes the first critical edition of the first Book of this treatise, as well as the French translation and the mathematical commentaries of a part of this Book, devoted to the explanation of the new vocabulary coined by the author

Ergonomic Evaluation of the Risk of Suffering from Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nurses with Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and the Effect of 8-week selected Corrective Exercises and Ergonomic Occupational Intervention on their Exposure Rate

Background & Objective: In order to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders in ergonomic approach, all effective factors in occurrence of disorders, should be evaluated. This approach can provide an optimal solution for the omission or reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the present study is ergonomic evaluation of nurses’ risk of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with Quick Exposure Check(QEC) and the effect of 8-week selected corrective exercises and ergonomic occupational interventions on their exposure rate. Materials & Methods: Therefore, Nordic questionnaire and Quick Exposure Check of the factor risk were applied for 6 tasks of nurses.  Results: 85.7% of nurses reported occupation as the major factor for musculoskeletal disorders and 89% of nurses’ tasks studied were in high or very high risk. There was a significant difference in care techniques used by nurses (P<0.05).  Moving up patients (87.7%) had the highest risk and giving drugs (66.2%), determining the vein (65.1%), dressing a wound, participation in visiting patients (59.9%), and reporting (51.1%) were in the following risk orders. After 8 week corrective exercises and ergonomic interventions there was a significant reduction in the risk rate of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders in 6 tasks by nurses (P<0.05 ). Conclusions: The results show that high risk level was a sign for susceptible conditions and workplaces in the hospital and corrective technique of moving up patients and improved conditions for moving up patients, improved other care techniques and selected corrective exercises reduced the risk level

Coconut coir dust as a waste on growth of Pothos (Scindapsus aureum L.)

Purpose Coir dust was utilized to manufacture soilless mixture for ornamental plant reproduction. Coconut coir provides more air and moisture to the root zone. Growing medium with coir does not shrink from container walls upon drying.Method This study was performed in a greenhouse, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol during 2019-2020; the experiment carried out on a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 8 months of measuring and 3 replications. Treatments had contained equal volume ratio of coco peat+ rice hull; coco peat + spent mushroom compost, cocopeat + leaf mold, coco peat + perlite. Measurable factors like plant height, stem diameter, number of new leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves and the amount of chlorophyll were assessed for comparison of pothos growth, and finally plants had compared as stated by their general form and morphology too. Characteristics were analyzed with SPSS software and mean comparisons were represented by Duncan test in P≤ 0.05.Results The findings showed that the variables such as substrate, months of measuring and their interplays had significant effects on all factors (except stem diameter). Mainly, media containing leaf-mold characteristics such as plant height, leaf number and leaf area were better than the others. The results of cocopeat + spent mushroom compost were nearly similar to cocopeat + leaf-mold, but two other media didn’t show good growth after 8 months. On the other hand, growth rate of the plants improved by warming the air from autumn to summer and the most growth rate were related to July