Times of Application of Boron in Irrigated Rice Genotypes in Tropical Varzeas

Boron is an important micronutrient for all vegetables, being part of several metabolic functions within cells. Rice stands out as a staple food for more than half the world’s population and requires small amounts of boron. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron application at different times in the culture of irrigated rice in the conditions of the floodplains in the Southwest of the State of Tocantins. The experiment was installed at Fazenda Santa Rita, municipality of Lagoa da Confusão-TO in the 2015/2016 harvest, in bands, with a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The dose of 3.0 kg ha −1 of boron was applied, in the form of borax, via leaf, in four seasons. WereFour lowland rice cultivars (IRGA-424, IRGA-424 RI, IRGA-425, and IRGA-426) were used. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of panicles, spikelet sterility, the mass of one hundred grains, grain yield, whole grains, and grain yield. Boron resulted in higher productivity. The highest yields were achieved with borate fertilization at 60 and 75 days after emergence. The genotypes IRGA-424 RI and IRGA-425 proved to be more efficient in the use of boron, is recommended at any time of application of the micronutrient

Perfil epidemiológico das internações por doença meningocócica C no Estado de Sergipe / Epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for meningococcal C disease in the state of Sergipe

A doença meningocócica C é causada pela bactéria Neisseria meningitidis e é considerada endêmica no Brasil, apresentando alta morbidade e mortalidade. O sorogrupro C tornou-se o mais prevalente e é associado a um pior prognóstico. A vacina meningocócica C representa a estratégia mais eficaz de combate à doença. Frente a esse cenário, o presente estudo visa avaliar o impacto dessa imunização nas hospitalizações por doença meningocócica no Estado de Sergipe, além de descrever o perfil epidemiológico das internações pela doença em todas as faixas etárias no período pré vacinal (2005 a 2009) e pós vacinal (2017 a 2021). Com o intuito de alcançar o objetivo do estudo, foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo levantamento documental a partir de dados secundários encontrados nas Imunizações e no Sistema de Informação e Agravos de Notificação Compulsória (SINAN) do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS).

INFECÇÃO POR MORBILLIVIRUS CANINO EM ONÇA PARDA (Puma concolor) NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL – RELATO DE CASO

Infecções de felídeos não-domésticos com vírus de carnívoros domésticos são relatadas em todo o mundo. O Morbillivirus canino (CDV) pode determinar diversas alterações clínicas e patológicas em cães domésticos e animais silvestres. Os felídeos selvagens são susceptíveis ao CDV e quando infectados podem desenvolver sinais clínicos neurológicos, respiratórios e gastrointestinais. A pressão da agricultura, indústria e urbanização fragmentou o habitat das onças pardas (Puma concolor) no Brasil tornando-a uma espécie ameaçada de extinção. Mesmo em ambientes adequados, estes felinos enfrentam uma variedade de ameaças, como a caça furtiva da própria espécie e de suas presas. Declínios nas populações de felinos selvagens causadas por doenças infecciosas foram relatados e as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade do CDV verificadas nos felídeos podem ser diversas. Baseando-se na ausência de dados sobre a ocorrência desta virose em onças pardas em Mato Grosso, este trabalho relata infecção natural pelo CDV em duas onças pardas no munícipio de Cuiabá diagnosticado por meio de RT-PCR e microscopia eletrônica. Os animais foram internados e apresentaram sinais clínicos de broncopneumonia aspirativa, que após tratamento estabelecido apresentaram melhora e cura clínica

INFECÇÃO POR MORBILLIVIRUS CANINO EM ONÇA PARDA (Puma concolor) NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL – RELATO DE CASO

Infecções de felídeos não-domésticos com vírus de carnívoros domésticos são relatadas em todo o mundo. O Morbillivirus canino (CDV) pode determinar diversas alterações clínicas e patológicas em cães domésticos e animais silvestres. Os felídeos selvagens são susceptíveis ao CDV e quando infectados podem desenvolver sinais clínicos neurológicos, respiratórios e gastrointestinais. A pressão da agricultura, indústria e urbanização fragmentou o habitat das onças pardas (Puma concolor) no Brasil tornando-a uma espécie ameaçada de extinção. Mesmo em ambientes adequados, estes felinos enfrentam uma variedade de ameaças, como a caça furtiva da própria espécie e de suas presas. Declínios nas populações de felinos selvagens causadas por doenças infecciosas foram relatados e as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade do CDV verificadas nos felídeos podem ser diversas. Baseando-se na ausência de dados sobre a ocorrência desta virose em onças pardas em Mato Grosso, este trabalho relata infecção natural pelo CDV em duas onças pardas no munícipio de Cuiabá diagnosticado por meio de RT-PCR e microscopia eletrônica. Os animais foram internados e apresentaram sinais clínicos de broncopneumonia aspirativa, que após tratamento estabelecido apresentaram melhora e cura clínica

Assessment of risk scores to predict mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit

ObjectivesTo assess the ABC2-SPH score in predicting COVID-19 in-hospital mortality, during intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and to compare its performance with other scores (SOFA, SAPS-3, NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, SOARS, CURB-65, modified CHA2DS2-VASc, and a novel severity score).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs of 25 hospitals, located in 17 Brazilian cities, from October 2020 to March 2022, were included. Overall performance of the scores was evaluated using the Brier score. ABC2-SPH was used as the reference score, and comparisons between ABC2-SPH and the other scores were performed by using the Bonferroni method of correction. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsABC2-SPH had an area under the curve of 0.716 (95% CI 0.693–0.738), significantly higher than CURB-65, SOFA, NEWS2, SOARS, and modified CHA2DS2-VASc scores. There was no statistically significant difference between ABC2-SPH and SAPS-3, 4C Mortality Score, and the novel severity score.ConclusionABC2-SPH was superior to other risk scores, but it still did not demonstrate an excellent predictive ability for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate the need to develop a new score, for this subset of patients

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Peer reviewe

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362