Potencial antioxidante e síntese de nanopartículas de óxido de cobre a partir de extratos vegetais de Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae)

Piper amalago L. popularly known as jaborandi-manso, jaborandi-falso and jaborandinhandi is widely used in the Brazilian folk medicine for treating urinary calculus diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and determine the levels of phenols, flavonoids and total tannins of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of P. amalago leaves, as well as to synthesize and characterize copper oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous extract, in addition to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Quantification of total phenols, flavonoids and tannins was performed by spectrophotometry in the visible region and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH• free radical scavenging method. The synthesis of nanoparticles was prepared with a solution containing aqueous extract of the leaves and copper salt. Subsequently, the characterization was performed by microscopy and FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity; the ethanol extract was the most active, reducing the DPPH• at a concentration of 100 μg.mL-1 by more than 90%. This extract also presented the highest levels of total phenols (199.17 ± 4.11mg GAE/g extract), total flavonoids (30.84 ± 0.59 mg QE/g extract) and total tannins (158.30 ± 4.83 mg TAE/g extract). The generated nanoparticles showed no great capacity to reduce DPPH•. The results suggest that the antioxidant potential evidenced by P. amalago extracts is mainly related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, recognized as antioxidants and confirmed the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, but with the lowest antioxidant potential.Piper amalago L. conhecida popularmente como jaborandi-manso, jaborandi-falso e jaborandinhandi é muito utilizada na medicina popular brasileira no tratamento de doenças do cálculo urinário. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antioxidante e determinar os teores de fenóis, flavonoides e taninos totais dos extratos etanólico e aquoso das folhas de P. amalago, bem como sintetizar e caracterizar nanopartículas de óxido de cobre utilizando o extrato aquoso, além de avaliar sua atividade antioxidante. A quantificação de fenóis, flavonoides e taninos totais foi realizada por espectrofotometria na região do visível e a atividade antioxidante avaliada pelo método de sequestro do radical livre DPPH•. A síntese das nanopartículas foi preparada com uma solução contendo extrato aquoso das folhas e sal de cobre e a caracterização foi realizada por microscopia e espectroscopia de FTIR e UV-Vis. Ambos os extratos apresentaram ação antioxidante, sendo o extrato etanólico o mais ativo reduzindo em mais de 90% o DPPH• na concentração de 100 μg.mL-1. Este extrato foi também o que apresentou os maiores teores de fenóis totais (199,17 ± 4,11mg de EAG/g), flavonoides totais (30,84 ± 0,59 mg de EQ/g) e taninos totais (158,30 ± 4,83 mg de EAT/g). As nanopartículas geradas não apresentaram a menor ação de redução de DPPH•. Os resultados sugerem que a potencialidade antioxidante evidenciada pelos extratos de P. amalago está relacionada, principalmente à presença de compostos fenólicos, como flavonoides e taninos e confirmaram a síntese verde das nanopartículas de óxido de cobre, porém com o menor potencial antioxidante

A Cultura Da Sociedade Patriarcal E O Esquecimento Do Princípio Da Fraternidade Como Fomentadores Do Esvaziamento De Preceitos Normativos E O Papel Do Estado Brasileiro Na Concretização Da Igualdade Material Entre Os Gêneros

The theme of this article is to analyze how the culture and the discredit of fraternity can violate the laws and which legal instruments are used for gender equality. The question was analyzed: “why is there discrimination even with current rules?”. The hypothesis is that “only legal norms are insufficient for the issue”. The general objective is to “discuss the obstacle encountered by laws aimed at women”. The specific objectives are: “demonstrate State action against gender violence”; “to analyze the relationship between patriarchy and legal effectiveness”; “Relating fraternity in the face of discrimination”. This work is relevant to legal practitioners because it analyzes the influence of culture on norms aimed at the female gender; for science, for dealing with violence from a multifaceted angle; adds to society due to the fact that the social inclusion of women provides a balance between inheritance and sociocultural renewal. It is qualitative theoretical research lasting six months.A temática deste artigo é analisar como a cultura e o desprestígio da fraternidade podem atentar contra as leis e quais instrumentos jurídicos são manejados para a igualdade entregêneros. Analisou-se a questão: “por que há discriminação mesmo com normas vigentes?”. A hipótese é que “apenas normas jurídicas são insuficientes para a questão”. O objetivo geral é“discutir o óbice encontrado pelas leis destinadas às mulheres”. Os objetivos específicos são:“demonstrar a atuação Estatal contra a violência de gênero”; “analisar a relação entre patriarcadoe a efetividade legal”; “relacionar a fraternidade frente às discriminações”. Este trabalho é relevante aos operadores do Direito porque analisa a influência da cultura nas normas destinadas ao gênero feminino; para a ciência, por tratar a violência sob ângulo multifacetado; agrega à sociedade pelo fato de que a inclusão social da mulher propicia equilíbrio entre herança e renovação socioculturais. É uma pesquisa qualitativa teórica com duração de seis meses

Fibromialgia em uma visão dualista da psicanálise? / Fibromyalgia in a dualist view of psychoanalysis?

Esse artigo busca trazer uma visão psicanalítica acerca da problemática mente-corpo sobre a fibromialgia, considerando parte das teorias Freudianas para elucidar a questão. Através desse questionamento, é possível estabelecer uma relação entre o dualismo de propriedades com o fenômeno em questão, porém, sem limitá-lo à explicações generalizadas, visando possíveis esclarecimentos a partir de uma ótica específica. Trazemos ideias de Freud relacionadas a outros autores sobre a esta patologia buscando entender se a doença origina-se na mente ou no corpo e se essa diferenciação é realmente possível

He reform of theHungarian higher education and the non-university sector

One of the most important weak points of the Hungarian higher education (just like the Central European higher education system) in the communist era was the extremely low access rate, roughly around 10% of the age group in the region. Such a system cuts the way before a large percentage of the age group towards post-secondary education and we cannot help thinking about political considerations of the governing nomenclature behind it. In some countries of the region the situation could be qualified even anticonstitutional since the respective constitutions stipulated: Each citizen, having graduated from the secondary education system has the right to enter the post-secondary education in a filiere appropriately chosen according to his or her capacities. Beyond this bottleneck at the access to higher education another common characteristic of the region higher education system were the inappropriate, if existing, links between education and economy. This bad relationship is especially dangerous in a period of rapid economical and social changes of the society. Regardless of the direction of the changes, the accelerated evolution of the society necessitates a high level of adaptability of the education and training system. Traditional higher education systems with their long cycle courses - Iet alone the sometimes obsolete curricula - are not able to satisfy the rapidly appearing needs of the new economical system. ln the same time on the traditional fields the good performance of the higher educational systems was weIl known. This gave the false justification for the higher education institutions to preserve their structure, profile, curricula, etc

In Vitro

The roots of Cochlospermum regium, popularly known as “algodãozinho-do-cerrado,” are used for the treatment of genitourinary infections. However, the removal of their subterranean structures results in the death of the plant, and the use of the leaves becomes a viable alternative. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of Cochlospermum regium leaf’s ethanolic extract and its action on the biofilm formation of microorganisms associated with urinary infection were evaluated. The total phenolic compounds, flavoids, and tannins were quantified using the reagents Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and vanillin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method and the effect of the extract in the biofilm treatment was measured by the drop plate method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the method based on the reduction of MTS and the mutagenicity by the Ames test. The ethanolic extract of C. regium leaves presented 87.4 mg/EQ of flavonoids, 167.2 mg/EAG of total phenolic compounds, and 21.7 mg/ECA of condensed tannins. It presented reduction of the biofilm formation for E. coli and C. tropicalis and antimicrobial action of 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed no cytotoxicity and mutagenicity at the concentrations tested. This study demonstrated that C. regium leaves are a viable option for the treatment of genitourinary infections and for the species preservation

Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO. Methods: This is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency. Results: A total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Does bariatric surgery improve cardiac autonomic modulation assessed by heart rate variability? A systematic review

Objectives. Our study aimed to explore the influence of Bariatric Surgery (BS) on heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) through a systematic review. Data Sources. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases from the inception of each database up to year 2020 and followed the PRISMA protocol. Searching of these studies was systematized using the PICOS strategy. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies. We selected randomized and non-randomized controlled trials and cohorts’ prospective studies that reported the influence of BS on HRV. We assessed the quality rating using the Black and Downs questionnaire. Results. Following the screening and eligibility stages, 14 studies were included in the review. All studies agreed that BS promotes an increase in parasympathetic HR control and HRV and, a decrease in HR. Yet, the literature does not provide evidence that this outcome was directly caused by the surgical procedure. There is limited evidence to support that patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TDM2) have greater improvement in HRV as an interim measure, to individuals without. The decrease in insulin resistance was correlated with the increase in HRV in some studies, but, other studies are unsupportive of this outcome. Improvements in two metabolic parameters (e.g., Leptin, NT-proBNP) were connected with a superior increase in HRV

Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.

BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme