Development of levelling strategies for heavy plates via controlled FE models

Accurate levelling strategies to ensure the flatness of heavy plates are crucial for a high level of productivity in the plate mill. As heavy plate levelling is typically a multi-pass process, it is important to identify levelling strategies that deliver the desired plate flatness with minimum effort. Due to the high sensitivity of the actual roll positions in the leveller on the incoming material properties and plate geometry, a unique machine setup has to be determined for each combination of material and geometry. Besides, successful levelling strategies have also to consider the incoming plate profile. A method to quantify windable and non-windable defects as well as ski defects by characteristic values suggested earlier is briefly repeated. To investigate the influence of the incoming defects on the outgoing flatness, conventionally numerous FE simulations have to be performed. This is caused by the fact that a single set of roll positions is required that delivers a defined plastification ratio and a flat plate at the same time. Within this work, a closed-loop controlled FE model is presented that is capable of evaluating the required set of roll positions within a single pass. Coupling the information obtained by a multiple of different simulations with results from an online flatness gauge will establish a methodology to derive an efficient process design. In the future, this will enable knowledge of an appropriate levelling strategy to eliminate the incoming flatness defects and to predict the time required for levelling prior to the first pass

Investigação sobre ocorrência de aborto em pacientes de hospital de centro urbano do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil The occurrence of abortion in hospital patients of the urban centers of S.Paulo State, Brazil

Propõe-se identificar determinadas características de natureza biológica, demográfica, social e institucional com base nas informações registradas nas fichas de prontuário de 2.588 mulheres atendidas com complicações de aborto em um hospital de Santo André, zona urbana e industrializada da Grande São Paulo (Brasil), no período de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 1982. Os dados revelaram uma duplicação no número de mulheres com complicações de aborto no período estudado, elevando-se gradualmente de 302 em 1978 para 672 em 1982. O número de partos atendidos no mesmo hospital, não obstante, cresceu em apenas 14% no mesmo período, obtendo-se a média de relação aborto/parto: 1: 3,6 e 1: 1,8 em 1978 e 1982, respectivamente. A maioria da população estudada (60%) possuía ocupação assalariada não especializada. A idade (16,4% das mulheres estudadas eram menores de 20 anos) apresentou relação estatisticamente significativa com o estado marital, cor, ocupação e resultados gestacionais. Houve correlação significativa entre idade na menarca, idade na primeira relação sexual e idade na primeira gravidez, no grupo de mulheres primigestas.<br>Certain characteristics - biological, demographical, social and institutional - based on data collected from the recorded case histories of 2,588 women suffering complications after abortion, attended in a hospital of Santo Andre, an industrial urban area of Greater S. Paulo, State of S. Paulo, Brazil, in the period from January 1978 to December 1982, are identified Data show a two-fold increase in the number of women with complications after abortion over the period studied, rising progressively from 302 in 1978, to 672 in 1982. However, the number of births attended at the same hospital underwent an increase of only 14% in the same period, resulting in an average abortion/birth ratio of 1:3.6 and 1:1.8 in 1978 and 1982, respectively. The majority of the population under study (60%) professed nonskilled occupations. Age presented a statistically significant relationship with marital status, colour, profession and gestational results. A significant relationship was also observed between age at first menstruation, age at first sexual relationship and age at first pregnancy among those women belonging to the primigesta group