Del conocimiento previo a la elaboración conceptual: Un caso en educación primaria

En la Educación Primaria Venezolana (Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación -MPPE- 2007) se insertó el ambiente como un eje que integra las disciplinas del área de matemática y ciencias naturales, desde esta perspectiva el aprendizaje de este concepto mes fundamental para la comprensión de los conceptos científicos asociados. Con el objetivo de describir la dinámica cognitiva implicada en su aprendizaje se consideró necesario investigar el desarrollo del mismo en estudiantes de tercer grado, desde sus nociones previas hasta la conceptualización del ambiente como sistema complejo. El estudio se enmarcó en una Investigación de Campo, bajo un diseño de investigación-acción. A los fines de recabar la información necesaria de 20 informantes seleccionados, se les aplicó un cuestionario de respuesta abierta al inicio y al final del lapso. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó la triangulación temporal individual y de grupo, identificando así los operadores conceptuales utilizados y los aspectos convergentes entre ellos. Del análisis realizado emergieron cinco (5) categorías que reúnen todas las formas de conceptualizar el ambiente para el momento 1 y Cinco (5) categorías para el momento 2, de éstas, la última hace referencia a la visión sistémica-compleja en dónde se ubicaron 11 de los 20 informantes. Se concluye que la metódica empleada permitió contrastar los avances de los estudiantes en el desarrollo de sus conceptualizaciones y la dinámica cognitiva implicada.//In the Venezuelan Primary Education (MPPE, 2007) the environment was inserted as an integrating axis that connects with the disciplines of the area of mathematics and natural sciences, from this perspective the learning of this concept is fundamental for the understanding of the associated scientific concepts. In order to describe the cognitive dynamics involved in their learning, it was considered necessary to investigate the development of the same in third grade students, from their previous notions to the conceptualization of the environment as a complex system. The study was framed in a Field Investigation, under an action research design. In order to gather the necessary information from 20 selected informants, an open response questionnaire was applied at the beginning and end of the period. For the analysis of the information, the individual and group temporal triangulation was used, identifying the conceptual operators used and the convergent aspects among them. From the analysis made five (5) categories emerged that bring together all the ways of conceptualizing the environment for the moment 1 and Five (5) categories for the moment 2, of these, the latter makes reference to the systemic-complex vision where they were located 11 of the 20 informants. It is concluded that the method used allowed to contrast the advances of the students in the development of their conceptualizations and the cognitive dynamics involved

Sertularia marginata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Mediterranean: an alien species in expansion?

Mature and dense populations of the tropical hydroid species Sertularia marginata were detected in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) and along the Atlantic coast of the Strait of Gibraltar. Until now, it had only been recorded in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. This species has previously been recorded in estuaries and anthropogenic habitats but, in the area studied here, we only found it in natural zones. These observations could indicate early expansion and naturalization in the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its limited dispersion capacity and the history of its records, the observations provided here support the hypothesis of an arrival and a spread by anthropogenic vectors. A pathway of arrival and dispersion of alien species into the Mediterranean Sea is proposed for future monitoring: from Macaronesia (particularly Canary Islands) to the Atlantic coast of the Strait of Gibraltar and from there to the Mediterranean.Financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, proyecto CTM2010-16363. Cofinanciación con fondos FEDER

La sociogénesis del sentimiento nacional

La formación de la conciencia nacional implica a la vez un proceso de diferenciación respecto del exterior como una asunción global por parte del colectivo social. El autor sigue con detenimiento algunos de los factores determimantes en la consolidación de esa identidad común como puedan ser sus fiestas, sus temores, revueltas, o la identificación con un espacio físico, un pasado o un sentir humano comunes a sus gentes.The constitution of the national consciences implies at the same time a course of diferentiation in relation to the exterior and a general assumption on the part of the social collective. The autor follows in detail some of the decisive factors that consolidate that common identity as could be its parties, its fears, its rebellions, or the identification with a physical sapce, a past, or a human feel, common to its people

The Burgers' equation with stochastic transport: shock formation, local and global existence of smooth solutions

In this work, we examine the solution properties of the Burgers' equation with stochastic transport. First, we prove results on the formation of shocks in the stochastic equation and then obtain a stochastic Rankine-Hugoniot condition that the shocks satisfy. Next, we establish the local existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions in the inviscid case and construct a blow-up criterion. Finally, in the viscous case, we prove global existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions

A semi-infinite matrix analysis of the BFKL equation

The forward BFKL equation is discretised in virtuality space and it is shown that the diffusion into infrared and ultraviolet momenta can be understood in terms of a semi-infinite matrix. The square truncation of this matrix can be exponentiated leading to asymptotic eigenstates sharing many features with the BFKL gluon Green's function in the limit of large matrix size. This truncation is closely related to a representation of the XXX Heisenberg spin $= - \frac{1}{2}$ chain with SL(2) invariance where the Hamiltonian acts on a symmetric double copy of the harmonic oscillator. A simple modification of the BFKL matrix suppressing the infrared modes generates evolution with energy compatible with unitarity.Comment: Small changes, same conclusions, matching the published version in EPJ

What Makes a Demagogue? The Figure of the Rhetor in the Closing Years of the Peloponnesian War

It is usual to associate the word “demagogue” with bad political leadership. At worst, it is also usual to think about a leader that uses deception and feeds on the more primal emotions of the people to get what he wants. But, in reality, answering the question of what a demagogue was is far from easy. Thus, this paper hypothesizes that there is no substantial difference between a demagogue and a rhetor in Athenian democracy. As its method, the paper analyses the context of use of the term by the different actors as to shed some light on their intentions. First, the paper examines the concept of “demagogue” and how the term appears in the democratic tradition, by focusing on its usage in the works of authors such as Aristophanes, Lysias and Thucydides. Next, it refers to the way in which adversaries of Athenian democracy, especially deriving from philosophy, used the term. As this paper will show, there is a significant difference between the two usages, the former being descriptive and the latter pejorative. Finally, the paper concludes that both in the descriptive and pejorative sense, being a demagogue meant to be a rhetor, a leader of the demos

3D Reconstruction Using Interval Methods on The Kinect Device Coupled With an IMU

WOSInternational audienceThe principle behind VSLAM applications like 3D object reconstruction or indoor mapping is to estimate the spatial transformation between two large clouds of points, which represent two poses of the same scene. They can further be processed to obtain detailed surfaces. Since its introduction in 1992, the standard algorithm for finding the alignment between two point clouds is ICP (Iterative Closest Point) and its variants, combined with RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus). This paper presents a new approach using interval analysis. The idea is to define large intervals for the transformation parameters between the poses then to successively contract those intervals using the equations of the transformation of corresponding points between the poses. To contract those intervals faster, we added an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) to our system so the initial intervals of the parameters are already small before applying the contractions. We implemented our algorithm using the middleware ROS (Robot Operating System) and stated our performances

Study of Earth Observation Business Models by means of Business Model Methodologies

The emerging technologies are a reason of evolution. The usage of small satellites have marked the starting point where the Earth Observation sector needs to reconsider alternatives to create business. New trends come with new companies and perspectives, therefor business models need to be analyze to take, from those which remain with successful results, those characteristics that are the keys to ensure the success of a company. This thesis makes use of those tools necessaries to analyze those companies and point out at them those characteristics that make them able to be outlined

Hacia nuevos dispositivos de investigación y educación en Francia: el ejemplo de la Universidad de Toulouse

La comprensió de l'estat actual de la investigació en arts, lletres, filosofia o llengües es basa en:- un fet: els investigadors, els seus col·lectius i les institucions de recerca, ja siguin públiques o privades, sempre estan finançades per la societat en què estan immerses.- una hipòtesi: aquest finançament comporta una contrapartida, ja que els resultats de la recerca han de ser útils per a la societat i utilitzables per ella.- una constatació: a les esmentades disciplines, les relacions de producció que regeixen les institucions de recerca, determinen les forces productives (professors i investigadors) i conformen les produccions (els programes de recerca i els discursos científics), no semblen satisfer les exigències de aquesta contrapartida.The understanding of the current state of research in arts, humanities, philosophy or languages is based on:- a fact: researchers, their groups and research institutions, whether public or private, are always financed by the society in which they are immersed.- a hypothesis: this financing entails a counterpart, since the results of the research must be useful for society and usable by it.- a finding: in the aforementioned disciplines, the production relations that govern the research institutions, determine the productive forces (professors and researchers) and make up the productions (research programs and scientific discourses), do not seem to satisfy the demands of that counterpart.La comprensión del estado actual de la investigación en artes, letras, filosofía o lenguas se basa en: - un hecho: los investigadores, sus colectivos y las instituciones de investigación, ya sean públicas o privadas, siempre están financiadas por la sociedad en la que están inmersas.- una hipótesis: esa financiación conlleva una contrapartida, pues los resultados de la investigación deben ser útiles para la sociedad y utilizables por ella.- una constatación: en las mencionadas disciplinas, las relaciones de producción que rigen las instituciones de investigación, determinan las fuerzas productivas (profesores e investigadores) y conforman las producciones (los programas de investigación y los discursos científicos), no parecen satisfacer las exigencias de esa contrapartida