Identificação de fatores de tipo categórico relacionados com a condição estrutural de tubulação de esgoto de Bogotá a partir de conceitos de entropia da informação

Introduction: this article is the result of the research project “Factor identification of categorical type related to the structural condition of Bogota’s sewage pipelines stemming from concepts of information’s entropy” financed by the Mastery in Hydro-systems of the Pontifical University Javeriana and developed in 2014 and 2015. The objective was to identify the influence of factors of qualitative type (grid type, material of the associated road surface and material of the pipeline) on the structural grade obtained from CCTV  inspections in Bogota during 2007 and 2011. Methodology: the entropy’s concept of mutual information was studied to differentiate the following categorical variables: type of pipelines, type of road surface over the pipeline and materials of the pipeline. Results: obtained from the application of concepts like entropy and mutual information show that the structural classification is independent from the type of pipeline, since they present elevated values of joined entropy and imply a high degree of uncertainty in their relation. Conclusions: the categorical variables studied are important factors to account in an impairment model of sewage pipelines; they also provide decision-making to direct the inspection plans of sewage in the city.Introducción: este artículo es producto del proyecto de investigación “Identificación de factores de tipo categórico con la condición estructural de tuberías de alcantarillado de Bogotá a partir de conceptos de entropía de la información”, financiado por la Maestría en Hidrosistemas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, y desarrollado durante el 2014 y el 2015. El objetivo fue identificar qué influencia tienen factores de tipo cualitativo (tipo de red, material de la superficie vial asociada y material de las tuberías) sobre el grado estructural obtenido a partir de inspecciones CCTV  realizadas en Bogotá entre el 2007 y el 2011. Metodología: se estudiaron los conceptos de entropía de la información mutua a fin de encontrar independencia entre las siguientes variables categóricas: tipo de tubería, tipo de superficie vial sobre la tubería y material de la tubería. Resultados: obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de conceptos tales como entropía e información mutua, muestran que la categoría estructural es independiente del tipo de tubería, del tipo de material de la tubería y del tipo de superficie de la vía que pasa sobre la tubería, ya que presentan valores elevados de entropía conjunta, lo cual implica un alto grado de incertidumbre en sus relaciones. Conclusiones: las variables categóricas estudiadas son factores importantes para tener en cuenta en un modelo de deterioro de las tuberías de alcantarillado, además de facilitar la toma de decisiones para direccionar los planes de inspección del alcantarillado en la ciudad.Introdução: este artigo é produto do projeto de investigação “Identificação de fatores de tipo categórico com a condição estrutural de tubulações de esgoto de Bogotá a partir de conceitos de entropia da informação”, financiado pelo Mestrado em Hidrosistemas da Pontifícia Universidade Javeriana, e desenvolvido durante os anos 2014 e 2015. O escopo foi identificar a influência que tem fatores do tipo qualitativo (tipo de rede, material da superfície viaria associada e material das tubulações) sobre o grau estrutural obtido a partir de inspeções CCTV realizadas em Bogotá entre o ano 2007 e 2011. Metodologia: estudaram-se os conceitos de entropia da informação mutua para achar independência entre as seguintes variáveis categóricas: tipo de tubulação, tipo de superfície viaria sobre a tubulação e material da tubulação. Resultados: obtidos a partir da aplicação de conceitos tales como entropia e informação mutua, mostram que a categoria estrutural é independente do tipo de tubulação, do tipo de material da tubulação e do tipo de superfície da via que passa sobre a tubulação, já que apresentam valores elevados de entropia conjunta, envolvendo um alto grau de incerteza em suas relações. Conclusões: as variáveis categóricas estudadas são fatores importantes para levar em conta em um modelo de deterioração das tubulações de esgoto, além de facilitar a tomada de decisões para direcionar os planos de inspeção do esgoto na cidade

Formulación de una estrategia organizacional para mitigar los factores de riesgos psicosociales, que aporten al cuidado de la salud física y mental de los trabajadores de la Subdirección Especializada de la Unidad Nacional de Protección (SESP-UNP)”, así como al mejoramiento del desempeño laboral

Este proyecto de investigación busca desarrollar una estrategia organizacional que reduzca las dificultades laborales que inciden en el deserrallo de las funciones por parte de los funcionarios de la Subdirección Especializada de la Unidad Nacional de Protección (SESP-UNP), una entidad que brinda seguridad a la población firmante del Acuerdo de La Habana. La estrategia busca mejorar el ambiente laboral y el desempeño de los empleados, quienes sufren de riesgos psicosociales, estrés, debido a las extenuantes jornadas laborales. Para ello, se analiza la información de la encuesta aplicada a 62 funcionarios operativos, se definen los factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan el bienestar y el rendimiento de los funcionarios de protección y se plantean acciones de promoción y prevención que mitiguen estos riesgos. Entre las acciones propuestas se encuentran mejorar la comunicación y el feedback entre los jefes inmediatos y los empleados, y ofrecer mejores condiciones laborales y salariales a los empleados. Estas acciones se basan en los datos de una encuesta realizada al personal y en la revisión de la literatura sobre la satisfacción laboral. Se espera que la estrategia contribuya a generar empleados satisfechos, felices, autónomos, productivos, comprometidos y motivados, que se traduzcan en un mejor desempeño laboral y un excelente clima organizacional.This research project seeks to develop an organizational strategy that reduces the work difficulties that affect the performance of the workers of the Specialized Subdirectorate of the National Protection Unit (SESP-UNP), an entity that provides security to the signatory population of the Agreement. Havana. The strategy seeks to improve the work environment and the performance of employees, who suffer from psychosocial risks and stress, due to exhausting work hours. To this end, the information from the survey applied to 62 operational officials is analyzed, the psychosocial risk factors that affect the well-being and performance of protection officials are defined, and promotion and prevention actions are proposed to mitigate these risks. Among the proposed actions are improving communication and feedback between immediate bosses and employees, and offering better working and salary conditions to employees. These actions are based on data from a staff survey and a review of the literature on job satisfaction. The strategy is expected to contribute to generating satisfied, happy, autonomous, productive, committed and motivated employees, which translate into better work performance and an excellent organizational climate

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra. \ua9 2015. The American Astronomical Society

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe