Risks Factors and Resiliency in Secondary School Students after the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill on students of two coastal Louisiana secondary schools. Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory was used as a framework to understand how exposure, gender, socioeconomic status, and resilience interact to influence the impact of the spill on students. Cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to 155 high school students in May 2012 and 225 middle school students in January 2013 out of 1247 possible for a return rate of about 30%. Results showed that exposure groups differed significantly on students’ Impact of Event Scale (IES; Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979) scores. Students with high exposure to the oil spill had significantly higher IES scores than those with no exposure and low exposure. Logistic regression results indicated that exposure was a significant predictor of higher IES scores and as exposure increased by 1, students were 1.46 times more likely to experience higher impact. Males were found to have significantly higher IES scores than females, with a low effect size. Students did not differ significantly across resilience levels. In the entire sample, lower-SES students did not score significantly different on IES scores than higher-SES students. However, in the high school significant differences were found between SES groups and SES was a significant predictor of higher IES scores. Implications are provided for counselor educators interested in disaster mental health. Conclusions include suggestions for counselors servicing areas affected by the oil spill and how individual and environmental characteristics of students can influence risk factors. Keywords: Disaster mental health, crisis intervention counseling, ecological systems theory, BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, secondary school students, resilience, risk factor

Emerger. La imagen traumática en Gus Van Sant

Gus Van Sant’s cinema is full of characters who have been confronted with a traumatic event. It is difficult to ignore the recurrence of trauma in the filmmaker’s work, from the very first films to the last. In this work, we examine some modalities of narrative treatment through the exemplary case of Paranoid park to highlight the fact that Gus van Sant is less interested, from the point of view of the character, the trauma itself or his painful consequences, only to a possible overtaking of the event through its elaboration. This will bring out what this motif reveals about the filmmaker’s work, his approach to the image and the power it exerts on the viewer, and thus its very conception of the function of cinema.El cine de Gus Van Sant rebosa de personajes que se han enfrentado a un evento traumático. Es difícil ignorar la recurrencia del trauma en la obra del cineasta, desde las primeras películas hasta las últimas. En este trabajo examinaremos algunas modalidades del tratamiento narrativo de este tópico a través del caso ejemplar de Paranoid Park, con el objetivo de evidenciar el hecho de que Gus Van Sant no se interesa tanto, desde el punto de vista del personaje, en el trauma en sí o en sus consecuencias dolorosas, sino más bien en una posible superación del acontecimiento por medio de su elaboración. Esto permitirá extraer lo que este tópico revela del trabajo del cineasta, de su enfoque de la imagen y del poder que esta ejerce sobre el espectador, es decir, de su concepción misma de la función del cin

A primitive mantle source for the Neoarchean mafic rocks from the Tanzania Craton

Mafic rocks comprising tholeiitic pillow basalt, dolerite and minor gabbro form the basal stratigraphic unit in the ca. 2.8 to 2.6 Ga Geita Greenstone Belt situated in the NW Tanzania Craton. They outcrop mainly along the southern margin of the belt, and are at least 50 million years older than the supracrustal assemblages against which they have been juxtaposed. Geochemical analyses indicate that parts of the assemblage approach high Mg-tholeiite (more than 8 wt.% MgO). This suite of samples has a restricted compositional range suggesting derivation from a chemically homogenous reservoir. Trace element modeling suggests that the mafic rocks were derived by partial melting within the spinel peridotite field from a source rock with a primitive mantle composition. That is, trace elements maintain primitive mantle ratios (Zr/Hf = 32–35, Ti/Zr = 107–147), producing flat REE and HFSE profiles [(La/Yb)pm = 0.9–1.3], with abundances of 3–10 times primitive mantle and with minor negative anomalies of Nb [(Nb/La)pm = 0.6–0.8] and Th [(Th/La)pm = 0.6–0.9]. Initial isotope compositions (ɛNd) range from 1.6 to 2.9 at 2.8 Ga and plot below the depleted mantle line suggesting derivation from a more enriched source compared to present day MORB mantle. The trace element composition and Nd isotopic ratios are similar to the mafic rocks outcropping ∼50 km south. The mafic rocks outcropping in the Geita area were erupted through oceanic crust over a short time period, between ~2830 and ~2820 Ma; are compositionally homogenous, contain little to no associated terrigenous sediments, and their trace element composition and short emplacement time resemble oceanic plateau basalts. They have been interpreted to be derived from a plume head with a primitive mantle composition

Registros em saúde: avaliação da qualidade do prontuário do paciente na atenção básica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a avaliação da Atenção Básica, desenvolveu-se estudo que tem por referência a qualidade de prontuários dos pacientes, considerando os registros dos atendimentos realizados em quatro municípios acima de 100 mil habitantes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 2004, esta pesquisa se trata de estudo transversal com base em dados primários, levantados por verificação direta no prontuário. Os atendimentos foram sorteados em amostra probabilística por conglomerado em dois estágios: estabelecimentos de atenção básica e atendimentos/prontuários. Verificou-se a completitude de atributos relativos à identificação dos usuários atendidos, em todos os prontuários, e a características do processo de atendimento (como peso, pressão arterial, colpocitologia e glicemia) nos prontuários de mulheres acima de 19 anos, hipertensas e diabéticas. Na identificação dos usuários, encontrou-se baixa presença dos atributos sociais e somente metade dos prontuários possuía registro da data de abertura. Os registros de características do processo de atendimento em mulheres, hipertensas e diabéticas, ficaram longe das proposições do Ministério da Saúde. A análise da completitude sugere discutível qualidade na continuidade do cuidado oferecido, dificuldades para a prática gerencial na Atenção Básica e para implementação da Estratégia Saúde da Família.With the purpose of contributing to the evaluation of primary care, a study was conducted based on the quality of patients' health charts, considering the records for care provided in 4 municipalities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants each in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2004. This was a cross-sectional study based on primary data collected from direct consultation of patient charts. A two-stage, probabilistic cluster sample was selected from primary care facilities and consultations/patient charts. We checked the completeness of attributes pertaining to the identification of users receiving care and the characteristics of the care itself (weight, blood pressure, Pap tests, and blood glucose) on the charts of women over 19 years of age with hypertension and/or diabetes. User identification showed a low presence of social attributes, and only half of the charts had recorded the opening date. Records of process characteristics in care provided to women with hypertension and diabetes failed to conform to Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. Analysis of completeness suggests dubious quality in the continuity of the care provided and difficulties in management practice for primary care and implementation of the Family Health Strategy

Greenstone burial–exhumation cycles at the late Archean transition to plate tectonics

Converging lines of evidence suggest that, during the late Archean, Earth completed its transition from a stagnant-lid to a plate tectonics regime,although how and when this transition occurred is debated. The geological record indicates that some form of subduction, a key component of plate tectonics—has operated since the Mesoarchean, even though the tectonic style and timescales of burial and exhumation cycles within ancient convergent margins are poorly constrained.Here, we present a Neoarchean pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path from supracrustal rocks of the transpressional Yilgarn orogen (Western Australia), which documents how sea-floor-altered rocks underwent deep burial then exhumation during shortening that was unrelated to the episode of burial. Archean subduction, even if generally short-lived, was capable of producing eclogites along converging lithosphere boundaries, although exhumation processes in those environments were likely less efficient than today, such that return of high-pressure rocks to the surface was rare

Measuring self-efficacy to deal with infertility: Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Portuguese version of the infertility self-efficacy scale

This study explores the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Portuguese version of the Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale (ISE-P), using translation and back-translation of the original version; principal component analysis; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); and internal consistency, and test-retest reliability analyses. A total of 287 participants (156 women and 131 men) seeking medical treatment were recruited from public and private fertility centers. CFA revealed that the single-component model fit the data well. The instrument showed excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and correlations with other mental health measures suggesting good convergent and discriminant validity. In conclusion, The ISE-P is a valid and reliable Portuguese-language measure of perceived self-efficacy to cope with infertility

Genetic Diversity Enhances Restoration Success by Augmenting Ecosystem Services

Disturbance and habitat destruction due to human activities is a pervasive problem in near-shore marine ecosystems, and restoration is often used to mitigate losses. A common metric used to evaluate the success of restoration is the return of ecosystem services. Previous research has shown that biodiversity, including genetic diversity, is positively associated with the provision of ecosystem services. We conducted a restoration experiment using sources, techniques, and sites similar to actual large-scale seagrass restoration projects and demonstrated that a small increase in genetic diversity enhanced ecosystem services (invertebrate habitat, increased primary productivity, and nutrient retention). In our experiment, plots with elevated genetic diversity had plants that survived longer, increased in density more quickly, and provided more ecosystem services (invertebrate habitat, increased primary productivity, and nutrient retention). We used the number of alleles per locus as a measure of genetic diversity, which, unlike clonal diversity used in earlier research, can be applied to any organism. Additionally, unlike previous studies where positive impacts of diversity occurred only after a large disturbance, this study assessed the importance of diversity in response to potential environmental stresses (high temperature, low light) along a water–depth gradient. We found a positive impact of diversity along the entire depth gradient. Taken together, these results suggest that ecosystem restoration will significantly benefit from obtaining sources (transplants or seeds) with high genetic diversity and from restoration techniques that can maintain that genetic diversity