Brazilian Multicentre Study Of Common Mental Disorders In Primary Care: Rates And Related Social And Demographic Factors [estudo Multicêntrico Brasileiro Sobre Transtornos Mentais Comuns Na Atenção Primária: Prevalência E Fatores Sociodemográficos Relacionados]

Mental health problems are common in primary health care, particularly anxiety and depression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in primary care in Brazil (Family Health Strategy). It involved a multicenter cross-sectional study with patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza (Ceará State) and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State), assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The rate of mental disorders in patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre were found to be, respectively, 51.9%, 53.3%, 64.3% and 57.7% with significant differences between Porto Alegre and Fortaleza compared to Rio de Janeiro after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence proportions of mental problems were especially common for females, the unemployed, those with less education and those with lower incomes. 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Liver histology in hepatitis B and C co-infection on hemodialysis patients

Non-A, non-B hepatitis accounts for a substantial proportion of both acute and chronic liver disease in chronic renal failure patients. Hepatitis C virus has been documented to be the major cause of non-A. non-B hepatitis [2], contributing for long-term morbidity in these patients

Fine needle aspirative biopsy of the liver in HBsAG-positive patients with end-stage renal failure

HBsAg-positive patients with end-stage renal failure have a high prevalence of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis. In order to determine the usefulness of hepatic cytology in the diagnosis of liver disease, the findings of hepatic needle core biopsy (NCB) and fine needle aspirative biopsy (FNAB) were compared in 75 HBsAg-positive uremic patients. The patients, aged 42 ± 12 years, 14 males, were on hemodialysis for periods ranging from 13 to 105 months. The NCB was processed by standard histologic and immunohis-tochemical techniques and FNAB by the conventional technique, using the total corrected increment score (TCI). Plasma samples were collected for evaluation of hepatic function and for viral serologic tests. In 15 patients a diagnosis was made by NCB: normal, 7 cases; chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 cases', and chronic active hepatitis, 4 cases. When the patients were allocated into two groups according to the severity of the liver histologic findings [group I-minor changes (normal + chronic persistent hepatitis), 11 patients; group II-major changes (chronic active hepatitis), 4 patients], statistically higher values were found in the major changes group for alanine aminotransferase (49 ± 33 vs. 24 ± 11, p = 0.04), γglutamyl transpeptidase [148 ± 53 vs. 38 ± 28, p<minor) 0.02] and TCI (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.8, p = 0.04). In conclusion, liver FNAB can be useful as a screening procedure for the identification of liver histologic changes (minor or major) in uremic HBsAG-positive patients

Inclusion Complex Of S(-) Bupivacaine And 2-hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin: Study Of Morphology And Cytotoxicity

Local anesthetics (LA) belong to a class of pharmacological compounds that attenuate or eliminate pain by binding to the sodium channel of excitable membranes, blocking the influx of sodium ions and the propagation of the nerve impulse. S (-) bupivacaine (S(-) bvc) is a local anesthetic of amino-amide type, widely used in surgery and obstetrics for sustained peripheral and central nerve blockade. This article focuses on the characterization of an inclusion complex of S(-) bvc in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction analysis showed structural changes in the complex. In preliminary toxicity studies, the cell viability tests revealed that the inclusion complex decreased the toxic effect (p<0.001) produced by S(-) bvc. These results suggest that the S(-) bvc:HP-β-CD inclusion complex represents a promising agent for the treatment of regional pain.273207212Araújo, D.R., Cereda, C.M., Brunetto, G.B., Pinto, L.M.A., Santana, M.H., de Paula, E., Encapsulation of mepivacaine prolongs the analgesia provided by sciatic nerve blockade in mice (2004) Can J Anaesth, 51, pp. 566-572Araújo, D.R., Fraceto, L.F., Braga, A.F.A., de Paula, E., Drug-delivery systems for racemic bupivacaine (S50-R50) and bupivacaine enantiomeric mixture (S75-R25):cyclodextrins complexation effects on sciatic nerve blockade in mice (2005) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 55, pp. 316-328Araújo, D.R., Moraes, C.M., Fraceto, L.F., Braga, A.F.A., de Paula, E., Cyclodextrin-bupivacaine enantiomeric mixture (S75-R25) inclusion complex and intrathecal anesthesia in rats (2006) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 56, pp. 495-506Bibby, D., Davies, N.M., Tueker, I.G., Mechanisms by which cyclodextrins modify drug release from polymeric drug delivery systems (2000) Int J Pharm, 197, pp. 1-11Covino, B.G., Vassalo, H.G., (1976) Local anesthetics: Mechanisms of action and clinical use, , New York: Grune and Stratton;, 255pFoster, R.H., Markham, A., Levobupivacaine. A review of its pharmacology and use as a local anaesthetic (2000) Drugs, 59, pp. 551-579Grant, G.J., Bansinath, M., Liposomal delivery systems for local anesthetics (2001) Reg Anesth Pain Med, 26, pp. 61-63Gristwood, R.W., Cardiac and CNS toxicity of levobupivacaine: Strengths of evidence for advantage over bupivacaine (2002) Drug Saf, 25, pp. 153-163Hirayama, F., Uekama, K., Cyclodextrin-based controlled drug release system (1999) Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 36, pp. 125-141Huang, Y.F., Pryor, M.E., Mather, L.E., Veering, B.T., Cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of intravenous S-bupivacaine and bupivacaine in sheep (1998) Anesth Analg, 86, pp. 797-804Jong, R.H., (1994) Local anesthetics, , Springfield: CC. Thomas;, 325pKohata, S., Jyodi, K., Ohyoshi, A., Thermal decomposition of cyclodextrins (α -, β-, γ, and modified β-CyD) and of metal-(β-CyD) complex in the solid phase (1993) Thermochim Acta, 217, pp. 187-198Loftsson, T., Brewster, M.E., Pharmaceutical application of Cyclodextrin. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization (1996) J Pharm Sci, 85, pp. 1017-1025Loukas, Y.L., Vraka, V., Gregoriadis, G., Novel non-acidic formulations of haloperidol complexed with beta-cyclodextrin derivatives (1997) J Pharm Biomed Anal, 16, pp. 263-268Mather, L.E., McCall, P., McNicol, P.L., Bupivacaine enantiomer pharmacokinetics after intercostal neural blockade in liver transplant patients (1995) Anesth Analg, 80, pp. 328-335Michaud, M., Icart, S., Determination of the substitution of hydroxypropylbetadex using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (2001) PharmEuropa, 13, pp. 714-716Naidu, N.B., Chowdary, K.P.R., Murthy, K.V.R., Satyanarayana, V., Hayman, A.R., Becket, G., Physicochemical characterization and dissolution properties of meloxicam-cyclodextrin binary systems (2004) J Pharm Biomed Anal, 35, pp. 75-86Pinto, L.M.A., Fraceto, L.F., Santana, M.H.A., Pertinhez, T.A., Oyama, S., de Paula, E., Physico-chemical characterization of benzocaine-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (2005) J Pharm Biomed Anal, 39, pp. 956-963Ren, X., Xue, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, K., Zheng, J., Lou, G., Gou, C., Shen, J., A novel cyclodextrin-deri ved tellurium compound with glutathione peroxidase (2002) Chembiochem, 3, pp. 363-365Rose, J.S., Neal, J.M., Kopacz, D.J., Extended-duration analgesia: Update on microspheres and liposomes (2005) Reg Anesth Pain Med, 30, pp. 275-285Strichartz, G.R., Ritchie, J.M., (1987) Local anesthetics: Handbook of experimental pharmacology, , Berlin: Springer-Verlag;, 445pThompson, D.O., Cyclodextrin-enabling excipients: Their present and future use in pharmaceuticals (1997) Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 14, pp. 1-10

Design And Fabrication Of Two-dimensional Hexagonal Photonic Crystals With A Linear Waveguide In Erbium Doped Geo2-bi2o 3-pbo-tio2 Glasses

In this work, we designed and recorded two-dimensional Hexagonal Photonic Crystals (2D-HPC) layers, with a linear waveguide, in erbium doped GeO 2-Bi2O3-PbO-TiO2 glassy films, by combining the techniques of holographic recording and femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining. The 2D-HPC is recorded holographically in a photoresist film coated on a glass substrate by exposing the sample to the same interference pattern twice and rotating the sample of 60° between the exposures. After the development a two dimensional hexagonal array of photoresist columns remain on the glass substrate. The recording of the waveguide is made by a fs laser micromachining system focused at sample surface. The laser spot produces the ablation of the photoresist columns generating a defect line in the periodic hexagonal array. After the recording of the photoresist template, the erbium doped GeO2-Bi2O3-PbO-TiO2 film is evaporated on the photoresist and finally the photoresist template is removed using acetone. The design of the geometrical parameters of the 2D-HPC is performed by calculation of the dispersion mode curves of the photonic crystal using a 2D finite element method. The proper geometrical parameters depend on both the refractive index of the glass film and thickness. Such parameters as well as the period of the 2D-HPC have been defined in order to obtain a photonic band gap in the region of erbium luminescence band. In such condition the erbium luminescence will propagate only through the waveguide. © 2013 SPIE.8776The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)Notomi, M., Shinya, A., Kuramochi, E., Photonic crystals: Towards ultrasmall lightwave circuits (2004) NTTTech. Rev., 2, pp. 36-47Chow, E., Lin, S.Y., Jonhson, S.G., Villeneuve, P.R., Joannopoulos, J.D., Wendt, J.R., Vawter, G.A., Alleman, A., Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (2000) Nature, 407, pp. 983-986Sharp, D.N., Campbell, M., Dedman, E.R., Harrison, M.T., Denning, R.G., Turberfield, A.J., Photoniccrystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography (2002) Opt. Quantum Electron, 34, pp. 3-12Carlsson, N., Ikeda, N., Sugimoto, Y., Asakawa, K., Takemori, T., Katayama, Y., Kawai, N., Inoue, K., Design, nano-fabication and analysis of near-infrared 2D photonic crystal air-bridge structures (2002) Opt. Quantum Electron, 34, pp. 123-131Joannopoulos, J.D., Meade, R.D., Winn, J.N., (1995) Photonic Crystals, , Princeton University PressVilleneuve, P.R., Piché, M., Photonic band gaps in two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, pp. 4969-4972Cheng, C.C., Scherer, A., Fabrication of photonic band-gap crystals (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 2696-2700Lai, N.D., Liang, W.P., Lin, J.H., Hsu, C.C., Lin, C.H., Fabrication of two-and three-dimensional periodic structures by multi-exposure of two-beam interference technique (2005) Opt. Express, 13, pp. 9605-9611. , 11O'Brien, J., Kuang, W., Photonic crystal lasers, cavities, and waveguides (2005) Enc. Mod. Optics, 2005, pp. 146-155Gattass, R.R., Mazur, E., Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials (2008) Nat. Photonics, 2 (4), pp. 219-22

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Of Co(oh)2 Nanoparticle-coated α-fe2o3 Nanorings

The production of hydrogen from water using only a catalyst and solar energy is one of the most challenging and promising outlets for the generation of clean and renewable energy. Semiconductor photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production by water photolysis must employ stable, non-toxic, abundant and inexpensive visible-light absorbers capable of harvesting light photons with adequate potential to reduce water. Here, we show that α-Fe 2O3 can meet these requirements by means of using hydrothermally prepared nanorings. These iron oxide nanoring photocatalysts proved capable of producing hydrogen efficiently without application of an external bias. In addition, Co(OH)2 nanoparticles were shown to be efficient co-catalysts on the nanoring surface by improving the efficiency of hydrogen generation. 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Clinical, multicentric, and open study to evaluate the efficacy of and tolerance to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction

Acta Med Port. 2002 Jul-Aug;15(4):249-56. [Clinical, multicentric, and open study to evaluate the efficacy of and tolerance to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction] [Article in Portuguese] Palha AP, Gomes FA, Martins AS, Pimenta A, Neves J, Gonçalves R, Ramos L, Abrantes P, Canhão A, Santos G, Carvalho LF, Soares J, Lima E, Rosa G. Serviço de Psiquiatria e Urologia do Hospital de S. João, Instututo de Ciências Bimédicas, Hospital Geral de S. António, Porto. Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined by the Impotence-NIH Consensus Conference as the "persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity" affect more than 100 million men worldwide, at particular severity levels. The global prevalence of ED is estimated to affect about 10%, but has been found to increase significantly with age (39% in men 40 years of age and 67% at 70 years of age). In men aged 40 to 70 years, the severe ED prevalence increased of three folds, 5 to 15%. In order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of sildenafil, it was conducted a national open, multicentre study on a portuguese population affected by ED. Subjects under ambulatory treatment were recruited in Psychiatry/Sexology Clinical units and Urology/Andrology. The results of the study carried out on a group of 62 men with ED, demonstrate that sildenafil was effective in the recovering of erectile function, increasing the number of attempts to sexual activity and improving their success rates (mainly in severe dysfunction). Fifty one patients treated with sildenafil, at the end of the study referred a global improvement in their erections (92.2%). Doses of 50 mg and 100 mg sildenafil were used and were well tolerated and also effective in the treatment of this pathology (70% and 69% respectively). Being this study a flexible dose one and taking into consideration that the final dose used was found the more suitable to the patients, can be concluded that 43.1% of the patients elected dose of 50 mg whereas 56.9% elected the maximum prescribed dose of 100 mg. Over and above global efficacy experimented by patients, a significant improvement in the sexual activity with partners was occurred. These results make possible a final conclusion--in the studied patients group affected by Erectile Dysfunction, aside from associated somatic pathology, sildenafil use provided a remarkable clinical profit, in what concerns global efficacy, by erectile function mechanisms improvement, concerning patients sensitivity of improvement, occurring in the major part of them, being these of high importance to the lifting up of their self-esteem. PMID: 12525018 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLIN

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti- algorithm with radius parameter and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Jetphox and Sherpa are compared to the measurements