Das Konzept der Polarisationsmethode und seine Anwendungen auf das seismische Vektorwellenfeld im Weitwinkelbereich

Based on the vector character the treatment of the three-dimensional seismic wavefield becomes complex. With the exploitation of converted wave-modes the acquisition of vectorwavefield data is effective, especially in the wide-angle range. Consequently shear waveacquisition with conventional sources, including marine sources, is possible and only multicomponent seismometers are required. Using this method wide-angle recordings of high quality were obtained within the BABEL-project (Baltic and Bothnian Echoes from the Lithosphere). However the processing of such vector-wavefield data raises the question of how to decompose the wavefield in its single modes. This thesis classifies the separation techniques, which have been presented in the literature, and shows a strong connection between polarization and separation of the seismic wavefield. Taking wide-angle data into particular consideration a discussion of these methods demonstrates the general applicability provided that equidistant traces are available. It is found out with the Controlled Orientation - a further developed method for the automatic reorientation of three-component recordings - that the alignment of refraction seismic data to the direction of the P-wave first arrival is not reliable because of the nearly vertical incidence. However it turns out, that the correction of the apparent angle of incidence need not be considered. With the processive realization of equidistant traces it is demonstrated that the amplitude character for the analysis of polarization is preserved. Therefore a multi-trace procedure can be implemented, which is in a position to process effectively long offset three-component data based on a two-dimensional operator window. This two-dimensional polarization-filter works data-adaptively for the determination of polarization parameters and is superior to the conventional method of Montalbetti and Kanasewich (1970). Three-component wide-angle data are used to illustrate the improvements obtained in noise reduction and in wave-mode separation using this technique

Thurston's Theorem: Entropy in Dimension One

In his paper, Thurston shows that a positive real number $h$ is the topological entropy for an ergodic traintrack representative of an outer automorphism of a free group if and only if its expansion constant $\lambda = e^h$ is a weak Perron number. This is a powerful result, answering a question analogous to one regarding surfaces and stretch factors of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms. However, much of the machinery used to prove this seminal theorem on traintrack maps is contained in the part of Thurston's paper on the entropy of postcritically finite interval maps and the proof difficult to parse. In this expository paper, we modernize Thurston's approach, fill in gaps in the original paper, and distill Thurston's methods to give a cohesive proof of the traintrack theorem. Of particular note is the addition of a proof of ergodicity of the traintrack representatives, which was missing in Thurston's paper.Comment: 37 pages, 13 figures. Comments welcome

RISK COMMUNICATION AS A CORE PUBLIC HEALTH COMPETENCE IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECDC TRAINING CURRICULUM AND PROGRAMME

Risk communication has been identified as a core competence for guiding public health responses to infectious disease threats. The International Health Regulations (2005) call for all countries to build capacity and a comprehensive understanding of health risks before a public health emergency to allow systematic and coherent communication, response and management. Research studies indicate that while outbreak and crisis communication concepts and tools have long been on the agenda of public health officials, there is still a need to clarify and integrate risk communication concepts into more standardised practices and improve risk communication and health, particularly among disadvantaged populations. To address these challenges, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) convened a group of risk communication experts to review and integrate existing approaches and emerging concepts in the development of a training curriculum. This curriculum articulates a new approach in risk communication moving beyond information conveyance to knowledge- and relationship-building. In a pilot training this approach was reflected both in the topics addressed and in the methods applied. This article introduces the new conceptual approach to risk communication capacity building that emerged from this process, presents the pilot training approach developed, and shares the results of the course evaluation.published_or_final_versio

Results of a Precrash Application Based on Laser Scanner and Short-Range Radars

International audienceIn this paper, we present a vehicle safety application based on data gathered by a laser scanner and two short-range radars that recognize unavoidable collisions with stationary objects before they take place to trigger restraint systems. Two different software modules that perform the processing of raw data and deliver a description of the vehicle's environment are compared. A comprehensive experimental evaluation based on relevant crash and noncrash scenarios is presented

Physical mechanisms produced in the development of nursery almond trees (Prunus dulcis Miller) as a response to the plant adaptation to different substrates

[EN] Aims: The aim pursued in this work is to compare the changes induced in the plant of young almond tree by two different culture media, analysing how those changes are interrelated with a better adaptation of the plant to the open field. Methods: Two different rootstocks, GF 677 and GxN rootstock Garnem® (GN), were tested in two types of growing media: substrate 1, consisting on a substrate prepared on request and based on a mixture of 25% silica, 38% vaporized peat and 37% of washed river sand and substrate 2, based on cocopeat with coarse particle size (10¿25 mm). All plants received the same nutritive solution during the analysis. Twenty weeks after the plantation trees were uprooted and several parameters were recorded in both vegetative and radicular systems to observe the impact of the substrates. Results: The results of this study indicated that the use of different substrates produces statistically significant changes not only in root development and distribution but also in the vegetative growth. Plants grown under cocopeat substrate presented, among others, further development of the trunk and an increase in the total fresh weight of the radicular system produced mostly by a massive increase of absorbing roots, while plants under substrate 1 presented greater root system longitude. Conclusions: The selection of an appropriate substrate in the nursery of almond trees is a key factor in the early development of the young tree. Knowledge about root growth and root architecture during the first stages of development would help nursery industry to determine which should be the most suitable substrate regarding later field adaptation, survival and plant performance, focusing on the soil and climatic characteristics of the final destination of the plant.Mondragón-Valero, A.; López- Cortés, I.; Salazar Hernández, DM.; Fernández De Córdova Martínez, PJ. (2017). Physical mechanisms produced in the development of nursery almond trees (Prunus dulcis Miller) as a response to the plant adaptation to different substrates. Rhizosphere. 3(1):44-49. doi:10.1016/j.rhisph.2016.12.002S44493

Career Success in Different Countries : Reflections on the 5C Project

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Career mobility in a global era: advances in managing expatriation and repatriation

The surge of interest in expatriation and repatriation within the broader discourse on labor mobility of professionals and high-skilled labor, human capital development and the theory and practice of people management, serves as the backdrop to this paper. We propose that expatriation and repatriation be framed in the context of global careers and embedded in the wider social-economic environment of globalization through the lens of a career ecosystem theory. We chart the evolution of scholarly publications on career mobility over the past four decades and highlight current trends, in particular the emergence of self-initiated expatriation as a pivotal change in the direction of expatriation studies and derived practice. We assess the rigor of empirical findings, weigh theoretical underpinnings, offer a research agenda for future research and outline managerial implications

Pharmacokinetic aspects of retinal drug delivery

Drug delivery to the posterior eye segment is an important challenge in ophthalmology, because many diseases affect the retina and choroid leading to impaired vision or blindness. Currently, intravitreal injections are the method of choice to administer drugs to the retina, but this approach is applicable only in selected cases (e.g. anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble receptors). There are two basic approaches that can be adopted to improve retinal drug delivery: prolonged and/or retina targeted delivery of intravitreal drugs and use of other routes of drug administration, such as periocular, suprachoroidal, sub-retinal, systemic, or topical. Properties of the administration route, drug and delivery system determine the efficacy and safety of these approaches. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors determine the required dosing rates and doses that are needed for drug action. In addition, tolerability factors limit the use of many materials in ocular drug delivery. This review article provides a critical discussion of retinal drug delivery, particularly from the pharmacokinetic point of view. This article does not include an extensive review of drug delivery technologies, because they have already been reviewed several times recently. Instead, we aim to provide a systematic and quantitative view on the pharmacokinetic factors in drug delivery to the posterior eye segment. This review is based on the literature and unpublished data from the authors' laboratory.Peer reviewe

Cross-Border Mobility of Self-Initiated and Organizational Expatriates

Globalization in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been marked by an increase in cross-border mobility of the highly skilled. Though self-initiated expatriation is a widespread phenomenon, it has received relatively little attention in the academic literature. Furthermore, large-scale studies that track self-initiated and organizational expatriates together, over time and across geographies, are noticeably absent from the literature. Consequently, our understanding of these two forms of mobility is relatively limited. This study, which is the first large-scale analysis of the trends in and patterns of the mobility of organization-initiated expatriates and self-initiated expatriates, attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the mobility patterns of 55,915 highly skilled individuals who made 76,660 cross-border moves between 1990 and 2006. Specifically, we analyze patterns of geographic mobility and then examine the rate, duration, and direction of self-initiated and organizational expatriation over time. Finally, we consider demographic differences in mobility between the two groups