Los hábitos deportivos y de tiempo libre y el suo de instalaciones deportivas en la población leonesa = Sport and leisure time habits and use of sport facilities by the population of León

p. 21-32El objeto del presente estudio es llevar a cabo una primera aproximación al conocimiento de los hábitos y las conductas de práctica deportiva y el uso de instalaciones deportivas en la provincia de León y determinar su relación con las actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, y la percepción que los leoneses tienen sobre las prácticas físico-deportivas, así como de las instalaciones y equipamientos deportivos que utilizan. En el estudio participaron un total de 302 personas (152 varones y 150 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 80 años que respondieron a un cuestionario de elaboración propia previamente validado y basado en otros autores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una visión positiva del deporte por el 99% de los participantes y la existencia de un 75% de practicantes activos de actividades físico-deportivas. Los motivos fundamentales para la ausencia de práctica son la falta de tiempo (48%) y la pereza (22%), mientras que las razones para la práctica se relacionan fundamentalmente con la salud/forma física (55%) y la diversión (33%). Las actividades más practicadas son caminar/pasear (22%), fútbol (7%) y natación (5%). Fundamentalmente se utilizan para la práctica instalaciones públicas al aire libre (20%) o cubiertas (11%) y el nivel de satisfacción con las mismas es elevado en términos generales. Hacer deporte ocupa el cuarto lugar entre las actividades de ocio, por detrás de estar con la familia, los amigos y la pareja.S

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

La ceramica moderna delle monache Agostiniane Recollette di Gijón (Asturie, Spagna). Tra opulenza e sobrietà

Peer reviewe

La ceramica moderna delle monache Agostiniane Recollette di Gijón (Asturie, Spagna). Tra opulenza e sobrietà

Centro ligure per la storia della ceramica, All'Insegna del Giglio. Le monache Agostiniane Recollette furono il primo ordine religioso installatosi nella città di Gijón. Questa comunità giunse nel 1668 per volere della Madre María de Santo Tomé la quale si fece accompagnare da altre sette monache. Le Agostiniane occuparono temporaneamente il rifugio noto come la Casa del Forno mentre venivano portate avanti le opere di costruzione del convento del Santísimo Sacramento y Purísima Concepción, inaugurato nell'ottobre del 1684. Realizzeremo un'analisi del repertorio ceramico utilizzato dalle Agostiniane. Queste donne si rifornirono soprattutto dai vasai locali, ma allo stesso tempo consumarono un buon numero di produzioni importate. Questi pezzi costituiscono il riflesso materiale del corredo domestico di una comunita religiosa, all'interno della quale la regola monastica e i suoi rituali segnano le tipologie di utensili necessarie. Questo lavoro forma parte del Proyecto de intervención arqueológica en la Fábrica de Tabacos de Gijón (Proyecto Tabacalera II)