Análisis del comportamiento del crecimiento económico sostenido y el pleno empleo en Nicaragua 2014-2018

Se realizó un estudio cuyo propósito fue analizar el comportamiento económico y el pleno empleo en Nicaragua siendo este uno de los principales objetivos de la agenda 2030, del cual se hace mención el Objetivo número 8 donde se hace referencia a Promover el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible, el empleo pleno y productivo y el trabajo decente para todos, es por ello que se aborda las estrategias económicas de gobierno a lo largo del periodo de estudio, la evolución de la población económica ocupada en Nicaragua a través de sus indicadores de medición, evolución de trabajo formal tras la afiliación al INSS, las tasas de crecimiento del producto interno bruto, la relación existente entre el crecimiento económico y la población económica ocupada. Entre los métodos para dicho análisis se desarrolló una investigación documental con fuentes de información de entidades económicas fiables tales como el Banco Central de Nicaragua, INIDES, Instituto Nicaragüense de Seguridad Social, CEPAL y FUNIDES. Se realizaron proyecciones geométricas de la población para completar los datos faltantes de las fuentes de información citadas, tablas y gráficas a fin de transmitir de mejor manera los resultados obtenidos; se determinó la relación existente entre el crecimiento económico y el pleno empleo mediante un modelo de regresión lineal en el cual se hizo uso de la herramienta Eviews. Los resultados evidencian que existe una estrecha relación positiva entre las variables de estudio, por lo tanto, se concluye que a medida que se implementen estrategias y políticas económicas en pro del crecimiento económico esta tendrá una incidencia positiva de 1,21% en la población económica activa ocupada. Palabras claves: Pleno empleo, Crecimiento económico, Total ocupado

Survival of Coptotermes testaceus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) to Environmental Conditions (Relative Humidity and Temperature) and Preference to Different Substrates

Coptotermes  testaceus (L.) (Rhinotermitidae) is a subterranean termite species that causes damage in urban and agricultural areas in the neotropics. Despite its economic importance,  there  are  no  studies  on  its  basic  biological  aspects  for  laboratory management and the development of strategies for its control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relative humidity, temperature, substrate moisture and preference to different wood substrates for the best C.  testaceus survival under laboratory conditions. For this, a range of eight relative humidity (from 9 to 100%), three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), six substrates (Pinus sp, Cedrela  odorata  (L.), Cocos nucifera (L.), Eucalyptus urophylla (S. T. Blake), Haematoxylum campechianum (L.) and Tabebuia rosea [Bertol.] DC) and four substrate moistures, (0 to 60%) were tested. The results of this study indicated a significant effect of all factors on termite survival or termite preference. When tested independently, the highest survival percentage of C.testaceus was obtained with humidity of 100%, temperature of 20 °C, substrate moisture of 60% and the Eucalyptus  urophylla substrate, reaching 83.33% survival at 21 days of observation. With these preliminary assays on small termite groups, it is concluded that with the appropriate percentages of humidity, temperature and substrate and the interaction of these three factors, further research can be conducted using larger termite groups in biologically relevant conditions, in order to study various aspects of C. testaceus biology

Using MILP for UAVs trajectory optimization under radar detection risk

This paper presents an approach to trajectories optimization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in presence of obstacles, waypoints, and threat zones such as radar detection regions, using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The main result is the linear approximation of a nonlinear radar detection risk function with integer constraints and indicator 0-1 variables. Several results are presented to show that the approach can yields trajectories depending on the acceptable risk of detection

Fuzzy cognitive maps for stereovision matching

This paper outlines a method for solving the stereovision matching problem using edge segments as the primitives. In stereovision matching the following constraints are commonly used: epipolar, similarity, smoothness, ordering and uniqueness. We propose a new matching strategy under a fuzzy context in which such constraints are mapped. The fuzzy context integrates both Fuzzy Clustering and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. With such purpose a network of concepts (nodes) is designed, each concept represents a pair of primitives to be matched. Each concept has associated a fuzzy value which determines the degree of the correspondence. The goal is to achieve high performance in terms of correct matches. The main findings of this paper are reflected in the use of the fuzzy context that allows building the network of concepts where the matching constraints are mapped. Initially, each concept value is loaded via the Fuzzy Clustering and then updated by the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps framework. This updating is achieved through the influence of the remainder neighboring concepts until a good global matching solution is achieved. Under this fuzzy approach we gain quantitative and qualitative matching correspondences. This method works as a relaxation matching approach and its performance is illustrated by comparative analysis against some existing global matching methods. (c) 2006 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

RINOTRAQUEITIS INFECCIOSA BOVINA (RIB), UNA ENFERMEDAD DE POCO CONTROL EN COLOMBIA

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease caused by herpesvirus type 1 (HVB-1) belonging to the genus Varicellovirus. Its distribution is worldwide, and it represents one of the principal causes of infertility and abortion in cattle, in addition to a decrease in production, causing economic losses. The infection can occur respiratory, conjunctival, vulvovaginal, with endemic abortions and septicemic form. Its transmission can be vertical and horizontal, in addition to having the ability to remain in a state of latency and then have periods of reactivation and re-excretion. The course and clinical manifestations of the disease depend on the anatomical site of infection, the age and the immune status of the carrier. The presumptive diagnosis of IBR can be made based on clinical, pathological, and epidemiological signs, but to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory tests such as viral isolation, immunoperoxidase (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), serum neutralization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are required. Prophylaxis achieves by vaccination and the sacrifice of seropositive animals. The health and economic impacts of the RIB make it necessary to implement and reinforce national control programs and health training for ranchers, as well as progressive elimination of seropositive animals. For that reason, the objective was to review the IBR literature that allows addressing sanitary and epidemiological aspects of it.Rinotraqueitis Infecciosa Bovina (RIB), es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por el herpes virus bovino tipo 1 (HVB-1) perteneciente al género Varicellovirus. Su distribución es mundial, y representa una de las principales causas de infertilidad y aborto en los bovinos, además de una disminución en la producción, causando pérdidas económicas. La infección puede cursar de forma respiratoria, conjuntival, vulvovaginal, con abortos endémicos y de forma septicémica. Su transmisión puede ser vertical y horizontal, además de tener la capacidad de permanecer en estado de latencia para luego tener periodos de reactivación y re-excreción. Las manifestaciones clínicas y curso de la enfermedad precisa del sitio de la infección, la edad y el estado inmunológico del portador. El diagnóstico presuntivo de RIB puede darse en base a los signos clínicos, patalógicos y epidemiológicos, pero para realizar un diagnóstico definitivo se requiere de pruebas de laboratorio como aislamiento viral, inmunoperoxidasa (IP), inmunofluorescencia (IF), seroneutralización, ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA) y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). La profilaxis se logra por medio de la vacunación y con el sacrificio de animales seropositivos. Los impactos sanitarios y económicos de la RIB hacen necesario la implementación y refuerzo de programas nacionales de control y capacitaciones sanitarias para los ganaderos, además de una eliminación progresiva de animales seropositivos. Es por esto que el objetivo fue realizar una revisión de literatura de RIB que permita abordar aspectos sanitarios y epidemiológicos de la misma

El impacto de la COVID-19 en la industria turística de Bolivia y estrategias para salir de la crisis

La COV ID-19 no solo ha afectado la salud de la población, sino también ha deteriorado las economías y las industrias de los países, una de ellas y la más afectada es, sin duda, el turismo. El impacto de la COV ID-19 en la industria turística boliviana alertó que se perderían cerca de 3.020 millones de bolivianos en la gestión de 2020. Los principales mercados de turismo receptivo de Bolivia disminuyeron drásticamente sus viajes y el impacto derivado de la ausencia de turismo provocó que más de 140.000 personas perdieran su fuente de empleo. Pero, sin duda, el microempresario de turismo fue quien recibió el mayor impacto, ya que cerca del 50 % de las unidades productivas cerraron operaciones en los meses siguientes al inicio de la pandemia. Sin embargo, los empresarios bolivianos vieron en la paralización una oportunidad para pensar y reinventarse a partir de la migración al mundo informático

El impacto de la COVID-19 en la industria turística de Bolivia y estrategias para salir de la crisis

Covid-19 has not only affected the health of the population but has also deteriorated the economies and industries of the countries; one of them, which is the most affected, is undoubtedly tourism. The impact of the Covid-19 on the Bolivian tourism industry warned that about 3,020 million BOB $ would be lost in 2020. The main receptive inbound markets in Bolivia drastically decreased their trips and the impact derived from the absence of tourism caused more than 140 thousand people to lose their job source. Undoubtedly, the tourism micro entrepreneur was the one who received the greatest impact, since nearly 50% of the productive units closed operations in the months following the start of the pandemic. However, Bolivian entrepreneurs saw in this interruption an opportunity to think and reinvent themselves by migrating to the computer world.La COV ID-19 no solo ha afectado la salud de la población, sino también ha deteriorado las economías y las industrias de los países, una de ellas y la más afectada es, sin duda, el turismo. El impacto de la COV ID-19 en la industria turística boliviana alertó que se perderían cerca de 3.020 millones de bolivianos en la gestión de 2020. Los principales mercados de turismo receptivo de Bolivia disminuyeron drásticamente sus viajes y el impacto derivado de la ausencia de turismo provocó que más de 140.000 personas perdieran su fuente de empleo. Pero, sin duda, el microempresario de turismo fue quien recibió el mayor impacto, ya que cerca del 50 % de las unidades productivas cerraron operaciones en los meses siguientes al inicio de la pandemia. Sin embargo, los empresarios bolivianos vieron en la paralización una oportunidad para pensar y reinventarse a partir de la migración al mundo informático

Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049) programs, Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain.The KM3NeT research infrastructure is unconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multipurpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV–PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multiphotomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. Themechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, aswell as the integration into theSNEWSandSNEWS 2.0 global alert systems, are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overviewof the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given.French National Research Agency (ANR)European Commission ANR-15-CE31-0020Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Commission EuropeenneInstitut Universitaire de France (IUF)LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268German Research Foundation (DFG)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRTIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)PRIN 2017 program, Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7SMinistry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP, Morocco AF-13Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands GovernmentNational Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), RomaniaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019Grisolia program GRISOLIA/2018/119 CIDEGENT/2018/034Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-053-UGR18La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019EU: MSC program 101025085Paris Ile-de-France Region, FranceGenT program CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/04

Probing invisible neutrino decay with KM3NeT-ORCA

In the era of precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, upcoming neutrino experiments will also be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. KM3NeT/ORCA is a neutrino detector optimised for measuring atmospheric neutrinos from a few GeV to around 100 GeV. In this paper, the sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector to neutrino decay has been explored. A three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state $\nu_3$ decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino, is considered. We find that KM3NeT/ORCA would be sensitive to invisible neutrino decays with $1/\alpha_3=\tau_3/m_3 < 180$~$\mathrm{ps/eV}$ at $90\%$ confidence level, assuming true normal ordering. Finally, the impact of neutrino decay on the precision of KM3NeT/ORCA measurements for $\theta_{23}$, $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and mass ordering have been studied. No significant effect of neutrino decay on the sensitivity to these measurements has been found.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, bibliography updated, typos correcte

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs and Z bosons with the ATLAS detector

Direct searches for lepton flavour violation in decays of the Higgs and Z bosons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The following three decays are considered: H→eτ, H→μτ, and Z→μτ. The searches are based on the data sample of proton–proton collisions collected by the ATLAS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. No significant excess is observed, and upper limits on the lepton-flavour-violating branching ratios are set at the 95 % confidence level: Br (H→eτ)<1.04%, Br (H→μτ)<1.43%, and Br (Z→μτ)<1.69×10−5