Nouveaux cahiers d'Ethos (2)

1ère partie - Quelques enjeux éthiques associés à la pandémie de COVID-19 : La vaccination obligatoire des travailleurs de la santé contre la COVID-19 -- Les éthiques de la vulnérabilité et du care pour aborder la situation des travailleur.euse.s essentiel.le.s en temps de COVID-19 -- Prendre soin de l'itinérance en temps de pandémie. Réflexion éthique sur l'impact des directives sanitaires auprès des personnes vivant en situation d'itinérance -- Le service public en contexte de pandémie : le dilemme de Jeanne, infirmière -- Hold-up : les enjeux éthiques du financement participatif à l'épreuve du contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19 -- 2e partie - Varia : Angles morts écologiques, maîtrise et déni de vulnérabilité -- Du processus d'insertion sociale à l'inclusion sociale ou de la vulnérabilité à la résilience-reliance -- Portrait éthique et identité du professionnel dans l'environnement de recherche publique fédérale

Associations between Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes and Exhaled NO-Related Phenotypes according to Asthma Status

International audienceBACKGROUND: The nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in asthma, and eosinophils participate in the regulation of the NO pool in pulmonary tissues. We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NO synthase genes (NOS) and biological NO-related phenotypes measured in two compartments (exhaled breath condensate and plasma) and blood eosinophil counts. METHODOLOGY: SNPs (N = 121) belonging to NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3 genes were genotyped in 1277 adults from the French Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Association analyses were conducted on four quantitative phenotypes: the exhaled fraction of NO (Fe(NO)), plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) nitrite-nitrate levels (NO2-NO3) and blood eosinophils in asthmatics and non-asthmatics separately. Genetic heterogeneity of these phenotypes between asthmatics and non-asthmatics was also investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In non-asthmatics, after correction for multiple comparisons, we found significant associations of Fe(NO) levels with three SNPs in NOS3 and NOS2 (P ≤ 0.002), and of EBC NO2-NO3 level with NOS2 (P = 0.002). In asthmatics, a single significant association was detected between Fe(NO) levels and one SNP in NOS3 (P = 0.004). Moreover, there was significant heterogeneity of NOS3 SNP effect on Fe(NO) between asthmatics and non-asthmatics (P = 0.0002 to 0.005). No significant association was found between any SNP and NO2-NO3 plasma levels or blood eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS: Variants in NO synthase genes influence Fe(NO) and EBC NO2-NO3 levels in adults. These genetic determinants differ according to asthma status. Significant associations were only detected for exhaled phenotypes, highlighting the critical relevance to have access to specific phenotypes measured in relevant biological fluid

Towards the development of ecosystem-based indicators of mangroves functioning state in the context of the EU water framework directive

European Water Framework Directive is enforced in five tropical French Oversea Territories where mangroves are present. Developing bioindication tools to support the ecosystem-based management approach of the Directive is needed. A series of expert workshops was organized and led to the proposal of a strategy and of an applied research program to develop bioindication tools. The proceedings of the workshops are presented as a case study, as this is the first time such an integrative ecosystem-based approach is proposed in mangroves, combining structural and functional aspects, from forest structure to benthic community functioning

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Liens entre le contexte sociolinguistique et les comportements langagiers de nouveaux parents : le cas du Sud-Est du Nouveau-Brunswick

Les pratiques langagières des parents seraient, en grande partie, tributaires de l’environnement socioinstitutionnel et se refléteraient dans les choix effectués pour leurs enfants, notamment ceux des langues de services préscolaires. Cet article théorique présente un état des lieux du contexte sociolinguistique de la région canadienne bi/plurilingue anglodominante du Sud-Est du Nouveau-Brunswick, puis en analyse les répercussions possibles sur les comportements langagiers des parents et sur les langues transmises aux enfants. D’abord, saisir la notion de vitalité ethnolinguistique d’un groupe minoritaire permettra de mieux apprécier les conditions nécessaires à la gouvernance de ses institutions. Bien que la région à l’étude se démarque de ses homologues canadiennes par la diversité des services en langue française offerts à sa population, l’examen de ses caractéristiques sociodémographiques mettra en lumière divers enjeux vécus par les familles qui y vivent. Enfin, l’analyse de ce contexte particulier vise à comprendre les facteurs écosystémiques agissant sur les comportements langagiers de parents pouvant influer sur les langues transmises aux enfants, puis sur la fréquentation du système éducatif dans la langue répondant le mieux à leurs besoins.The language practices of parents are largely dependent on the socio-institutional environment and reflected in the choices they make for their children, especially in terms of languages chosen for pre-school services. This theoretical paper presents an overview of the sociolinguistic context of the English-speaking bi/multilingual region of southeastern New Brunswick, and analyzes its potential impact on parents’ language behaviours and on the languages transmitted to their children. First, understanding the idea of the ethnolinguistic vitality of a minority group makes it easier to recognize what conditions are needed for the governance of its institutions. Although the region under study differs from its Canadian counterparts in terms of the diversity of French-language services available to its population, an examination of its socio-demographic characteristics highlights various issues experienced by the families living there. Lastly, the analysis of this specific context aims to clarify the ecosystemic factors influencing parents’ linguistic behaviours, which in turn can affect which languages they pass on to their children and attendance within an educational system in the language that best meets their needs.Las prácticas del habla de los padres serian, en gran parte, tributarias del entorno socio-institucional y se reflejarían en las preferencias efectuadas por sus hijos, particularmente los de las lenguas del servicio preescolar. Este artículo teórico presenta una evaluación del contexto sociolingüístico de la región canadiense bi/plurilingüe anglo-dominante del sudeste de Nuevo-Brunswick, y analiza las repercusiones posibles sobre los comportamientos lingüísticos de los padres y sobre las lenguas transmitidas a los niños. Por principio la introducción de la noción de vitalidad etnolingüística de un grupo minoritario permitirá apreciar más cabalmente las condiciones necesarias para la gobernanza de sus instituciones. Aunque la región estudiada se distingues de sus homologas canadienses por la diversidad de los servicios en lengua francesa que se ofrecen a la población, el examen de sus características sociodemográficas revelará diversos retos experimentados por las familias que ahí habitan. Finalmente, el análisis de ese contexto particular busca comprender los factores eco-sistémicos que actúan sobre los comportamientos lingüísticos de los padres que pueden influir sobre las lenguas transmitidas a los niños, así como sobre la frecuentación del sistema educativo en la lengua que más conviene a sus necesidades