Entre tempos e mundos: Chateaubriand e a outra América

The article deals with the relations between Europe and America in the Age of Revolutions, through the writings of René de Chateaubriand on the Congress of Verona (1822) and the French military intervention in Spanish crisis (1823), inspired by the teachings of the French historian François Hartog. By means of the study of the way the new American nations appear in Chateaubriand's writings and political action, we try to explore the role played by that experience in his conceptions of time, of the ancient and modern revolutions and History itself.Buscando refletir a partir dos ensinamentos do historiador francês François Hartog, o trabalho aborda as relações entre a Europa e as Américas na Era das Revoluções, através dos escritos produzidos por René de Chateaubriand, sobre o Congresso de Verona (1822) e a intervenção militar francesa na crise espanhola (1823). Ao estudar o modo como a emergência das novas nações americanas aparece nos escritos e na ação política de Chateaubriand, buscamos compreender o modo pelo qual aquela experiência incidiu sobre suas concepções em relação ao tempo, às revoluções antigas e modernas e a própria história

O Império do Brasil: dimensões de um enigma

O artigo comenta o texto "Construtores e Herdeiros", de Ilmar Mattos, compartilhando com a posição do autor sobre a importância estratégica da conjuntura 1828-1831 (perda da Província Cisplatina e a expiração da data estipulada pelo Tratado com a Inglaterra que determinava o fim do tráfico africano de escravos) como momento de viragem na trajetória da construção do estado brasileiro. Procura, em seguida, desdobrar as sugestões propostas pelo texto, enfatizando a necessidade de compreender os efeitos paradoxais da permanência do tráfico ilícito sobre aspectos essenciais da construção dos poderes do Estado: o território, os sistemas de medição e contagem e a fiscalidade.The article comments on the text "Builders and Heirs" by Ilmar Mattos, sharing the author's position about the strategic importance of thinking the 1828-1831 conjuncture as a turning point in the path of the Brazilian state building process, due to the territorial loss (the Cisplatine Province) and the deadline of the Treaty accorded with Britain prohibiting African slave trade. The article pursuits the discussion by emphasizing the need of understanding the paradoxical effects of the permanence of illegal trade on essential aspects of state building process: the establishment of territory, the enforcement of systems of accounting and measurements and the tax system

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Escavando ruínas: Memória, fronteira e escrita da História na narrativa de Alfredo Taunay

The work approaches the text The city of Mato Grosso (Vila Bela), the Guapore River and its most illustrious victim, by Alfredo Taunay (Viscount of Taunay, published in IHGB Magazine in 1891. This text is considered as an expressive outcome of a context of renewal of historiographical perceptions, the decade that followed the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic. It seeks to understand this work as an "historical study" (the term is utilized by Taunay himself) composed by a wide variety of elements - family memory, poetry, literature, documental analysis, criticism of sources, resulting in a rich example of the possibilities of convergence between writing itself and the writing of history.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Rua Piaui,413,Ap 43 Higienopolis, BR-01241001 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Estrada do Caminho Velho, 333 - Jardim Nova Cidade, 07252-312 - Guarulhos - São Paulo - BrasilWeb of Scienc

Notas sobre un coloquio interrumpido: crónicas del diálogo de Juan Carlos Garavaglia con los historiadores brasileños

Esse texto, em forma de relato pessoal e acadêmico procura homenagear a vida e o trabalho de Juan Carlos Garavaglia (1944-2017) ressaltando algumas de suas relações com o meio acadêmico brasileiro desenvolvidas entre 2001 e 2017, período em que desfrutamos uma interlocução intelectual intensa e uma fraterna amizade