Transduction of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Recombinant Bovine Adenovirus-3 Expressing Chimeric pIX

BAdV-3, like many other members of the family Adenoviridae, has been developed and evaluated as a vaccine delivery vehicle in cattle (Ayalew et al., 2014). However, protective immune responses using recombinant BAdV-3 based vaccines are achieved after two immunizations (Kumar et al., 2014; Zakhartchouk et al., 1999). One way to increase the efficiency of BAdV-3 based vectors is by increasing the transduction to antigen presenting cells (APCs). Since C-terminus of BAdV-3 minor capsid protein pIX is exposed to the exterior of virion capsid, efforts have been made to use it to add targeting ligands, so that recombinant BAdV-3 expressing chimeric pIX can be targeted to a particular cell (Zakhartchouk et al., 2004). In the present study, we constructed and characterized a recombinant BAdV-3, designated as BAV888, expressing chimeric minor capsid protein pIX fused to RGD. The RGD motif, which is not present in the BAdV-3 virion, is an important pathway for the internalization of the virus into integrin-positive cells, such as APCs. In vitro studies have demonstrated that at MOI 1, both BAV888 and BAV304a (BAdV-3 expressing GFP inserted in E3 region of the genome) can transduce PBMCs without a significant difference in the percentage of cells transduced. However, BAV888 transduced cells exhibited a mean fluorescence intensity significantly higher than BAV304a transduced cells. Further, analysis in different PBMC subpopulations (T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, NK-cells and dendritic cells) showed that BAV888 and BAV304a have tropism mainly for monocytes and NK-cells. Furthermore, the mean fluorescence intensity of GFP+ monocytes is up to four times higher in BAV888-transduced cells, suggesting that our recombinant virus is more efficiently internalized by monocytes. To prove this, we compared viral copy number of transduced monocytes and transcriptional analysis of viral proteins using qPCR. The copy number of BAV888 is significantly higher than BAV304a in transduced monocytes at the same MOI. Moreover, the expression of GFP and early and late viral proteins is higher in BAV888 transduced monocytes. To determine the expression of costimulatory molecules in BAV888 and BAV304a transduced monocytes, flow cytometry, and transcriptional analyses were performed. Although there is no significant difference in the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II between viruses using flow cytometry, analysis of the mRNA expression of showed a decrease in CD40 and CD86 expression in BAV888-transduced monocytes compared to BAV304a and mock transduced cells. In terms of cytokine production, BAV888-transduced monocytes show an increased production of TNFα and IL-12, compared to BAV304a transduced monocytes. In mRNA analysis, there was a significant increase in expression of IFNβ in BAV888-transduced monocytes relative to BAV304a-transduced and mock cells, which could suggest an anti-viral response against the virus. Our results demonstrate that, although there is no change in tropism of the virus, the addition of an RGD motif in the C-terminus of pIX of BAdV-3 can increased its uptake in PMBCs and, in particular, monocytes

Actitudes hacia la conciencia ambiental estudiantil en Los Olivos, 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de actitudes hacia la conciencia ambiental estudiantil. La metodología que se empleó fue la investigación básica, con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental, la muestra fue de 100 estudiantes originarios de los Olivos. La técnica utilizada para recolectar datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento que se utilizó fue un cuestionario con el que se reportó el nivel de actitudes hacia la conciencia ambiental. Los resultados mostraron que la variable se encuentra en proceso (85%), la dimensión afectiva (60%) y cognitiva (58%) están en el logro estimado, conativa (45%) y activa (48%) presentado utilidades en proceso. Las actitudes hacia la conciencia ambiental se construyen con las vivencias del día a día, dándole la oportunidad al estudiante de crear su propio significado y valor. Se concluye en que las actitudes ambientales se encuentran en nivel de proceso

Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 circulating in Canadian pigs

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been detected in pigs worldwide and associated with several clinical signs. Methods: To investigate the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains circulating in Canada, 44 PCV3 positive samples from Saskatchewan (2/44), Manitoba (2/44), Quebec (4/44), Alberta (11/44) and Ontario (25/44) submitted to diagnostic laboratories in Canada between 2019 and 2021 were sequenced and analyzed. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of capsid genes showed that all of the 44 Canadian strains classified into PCV3a and segregated into seven lineages with common amino acid changes observed at A24V, R27K, N56D, T77S, Q98R, L150I (F) and R168K positions. Conclusion: Future studies are required to determine whether the polymorphisms in capsid proteins, as revealed in this study, could be associated with differences in the pathogenicity or antigenicity of PCV3 strains. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 strains among different provinces in Canada

Combating Vaccine Hesitancy: Teaching the Next Generation to Navigate Through the Post Truth Era

Despite scientific evidence supporting the fact that vaccines are fundamental tools for preventing infectious diseases, a percentage of the population still refuses some or all of them. Vaccine hesitancy has become a widespread issue, and its complexity lies in the great variety of factors that can influence decisions about immunization, which are not just vaccine-related concerns, but also involve personal and societal levels. Our research group performed an extensive literature review to analyze: (1) different age groups, their relation to the problem and their characteristics; (2) the most important information (key messages) about immunization that could be used to counteract hesitancy; and (3) best approaches to transmit the messages to the target groups. We propose a long-term approach to overcome vaccine hesitancy that involves the education of children and adolescents on the basics about immunization and critical thinking, using different communication channels

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of the W±Z boson pair-production cross section in pp collisions at √s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Measurement of the View the tt production cross-section using eμ events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a measurement of the inclusive top quark pair production cross-section (σtt¯) with a data sample of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, collected in 2015 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This measurement uses events with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state. Jets containing b-quarks are tagged using an algorithm based on track impact parameters and reconstructed secondary vertices. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two b-tagged jets are counted and used to determine simultaneously σtt¯ and the efficiency to reconstruct and b-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯ = 818 ± 8 (stat) ± 27 (syst) ± 19 (lumi) ± 12 (beam) pb, where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total relative uncertainty of 4.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. A fiducial measurement corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons is also presented

Search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with tau leptons in √s=13 TeV collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV.Nosignificant deviation from the expected Standard Model background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of ˜χ+1 ˜χ−1 pair production and of ˜χ±1 ˜χ02 and ˜χ+1 ˜χ−1 production in simplified models where the neutralinos and charginos decay solely via intermediate left-handed staus and tau sneutrinos, and the mass of the ˜ τL state is set to be halfway between the masses of the ˜χ±1 and the ˜χ01. Chargino masses up to 630 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in the scenario of direct production of ˜χ+1 ˜χ−1 for a massless ˜χ01. Common ˜χ±1 and ˜χ02 masses up to 760 GeV are excluded in the case of production of ˜χ±1 ˜χ02 and ˜χ+1 ˜χ−1 assuming a massless ˜χ01. Exclusion limits for additional benchmark scenarios with large and small mass-splitting between the ˜χ±1 and the ˜χ01 are also studied by varying the ˜ τL mass between the masses of the ˜χ±1 and the ˜χ01

Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic tt¯ decay channel at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb−1. The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. From these three jets the dijet mass is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.72 ± 0.55 (stat.) ± 1.01 (syst.) GeV

Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at sqrt [ s ] = 13TeV

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at √s = 13 TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions