Life Cycle of Products and Cycles

The aim of this paper is to examine whether the development of waste recycling activities can be a source of economic fluctuation. We assume that the recycling sector has four fundamental characteristics. (i) The production factors are restricted by the production of the last period. (ii) These production factors are waste for which the price determination is non-competitive. (iii) It produces a recycled good, which is a perfect substitute to th primary good. (iv) It reduces waste stream. We consider the simplest economy with an infinitely lived agent and a life cycle hypothesis for the goods. We show that the equilibrium is unique and is always determinate. In spite of the lack of indeterminacy, however, our system can display cyclical behavior, depending on some usual conditions on parameters. Namely, the steady-state may undergo a Flip and a Hopf bifurcation.Cycles, recycling, waste.

A Stability Study of some Mixed Finite Elements for Large Deformation Elasticity Problems

We consider the finite elasticity problem for incompressible materials, proposing a simple bidimensional problem for which we provide an indication on the solution stability. Furthermore, we study the stability of discrete solutions, obtained by means of some well-known mixed finite elements, and we present several numerical experiments

How to build a supervised autonomous system for robot-enhanced therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder

Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms.However, there is a need to increase the autonomy of the robot both to lighten the burden on human therapists (who have to remain in control and, importantly, supervise the robot) and to provide a consistent therapeutic experience. This paper seeks to provide insight into increasing the autonomy level of social robots in therapy to move beyond WoZ. With the final aim of improved human-human social interaction for the children, this multidisciplinary research seeks to facilitate the use of social robots as tools in clinical situations by addressing the challenge of increasing robot autonomy.We introduce the clinical framework in which the developments are tested, alongside initial data obtained from patients in a first phase of the project using a WoZ set-up mimicking the targeted supervised-autonomy behaviour. We further describe the implemented system architecture capable of providing the robot with supervised autonomy

Osteopenia da prematuridade

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019A osteopenia é uma das comorbilidades inerentes à prematuridade, consistindo na diminuição da massa óssea total associada a disrupção do metabolismo mineral. Surge frequentemente 6 a 16 semanas após o nascimento e permanece assintomática na grande maioria dos casos. Existem múltiplos fatores que aumentam o risco de desenvolver esta doença, como por exemplo insuficiência placentária, diminuição da idade gestacional e do peso à nascença, restrição de fluidos, imobilização e certos fármacos. No entanto, o principal fator etiológico são as reservas ósseas reduzidas de fósforo e/ou cálcio. Apesar de não haver normas de orientação clínica universais relativamente ao diagnóstico, este baseia-se atualmente na evidência bioquímica de hipofosfatémia e hiperfosfatásia e evidência radiológica de osteopenia e/ou fratura. Poderíamos optar por um algoritmo diagnóstico mais complexo e abrangente, tendo também em consideração características clínicas e hormonais e outros parâmetros bioquímicos e ferramentas imagiológicas. Esta é uma doença autolimitada, mas com consequências a curto e a longo prazo que devem ser evitadas. Para tal, é essencial a prevenção, proporcionando o aporte de cálcio, fósforo e vitamina D adequado para promover o crescimento ósseo normal, preferivelmente por via entérica através de fórmulas pré-termo ou leite humano fortificado. A estratégia de tratamento é semelhante.Osteopenia is one of the inherent comorbidities of prematurity, consisting of a decrease in the total bone mass associated with the disruption of mineral metabolism. It often appears 6 to 16 weeks after birth and remains asymptomatic in the vast majority of the cases. There are multiple factors that increase the risk of developing this disease, such as placental insufficiency, reduction in gestational period, very low birth weight, fluid restriction, immobilization and certain drugs. However, the main etiological factor are the reduced bone stores of phosphorus and/or calcium. Although there are no universal guidelines for diagnosis, this is currently based on biochemical evidence of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatasia and radiological evidence of osteopenia and/or fracture. We could opt for a more complex and overarching diagnostic algorithm, also considering the clinical and hormonal characteristics and other biochemical parameters and imaging tools. This is a self-limiting disease, but with short- and long-term consequences that must be avoided. To this end, prevention is essential, providing adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supply to promote normal bone growth, preferably enterally using preterm formulas or fortified human milk. The treatment strategy is similar

Second primary cancers after radiation for prostate cancer: a review of data from planning studies

A review of planning studies was undertaken to evaluate estimated risks of radiation induced second primary cancers (RISPC) associated with different prostate radiotherapy techniques for localised prostate cancer. A total of 83 publications were identified which employed a variety of methods to estimate RISPC risk. Of these, the 16 planning studies which specifically addressed absolute or relative second cancer risk using dose–response models were selected for inclusion within this review. There are uncertainties and limitations related to all the different methods for estimating RISPC risk. Whether or not dose models include the effects of the primary radiation beam, as well as out-of-field regions, influences estimated risks. Regarding the impact of IMRT compared to 3D-CRT, at equivalent energies, several studies suggest an increase in risk related to increased leakage contributing to out-of-field RISPC risk, although in absolute terms this increase in risk may be very small. IMRT also results in increased low dose normal tissue irradiation, but the extent to which this has been estimated to contribute to RISPC risk is variable, and may also be very small. IMRT is often delivered using 6MV photons while conventional radiotherapy often requires higher energies to achieve adequate tissue penetration, and so comparisons between IMRT and older techniques should not be restricted to equivalent energies. Proton and brachytherapy planning studies suggest very low RISPC risks associated with these techniques. Until there is sufficient clinical evidence regarding RISPC risks associated with modern irradiation techniques, the data produced from planning studies is relevant when considering which patients to irradiate, and which technique to employ

Measurement of differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA measurement is presented of differential cross sections for Higgs boson (H) production in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV. The analysis exploits the H→γγ decay in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7fb-1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the diphoton system and of the associated jets. Results corrected for detector effects are compared with predictions at next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, as well as with predictions beyond the standard model. For isolated photons with pseudorapidities |η|1/3 and >1/4, the total fiducial cross section is 32±10fbWe acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23- 6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET(European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foun-dation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the OPUS program of the National Science Center (Poland); the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the National PrioritiesResearch Program by QatarNationalResearch Fund; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-184

Measurement of tt‾\mathrm {t}\overline{\mathrm {t}} t t ¯ production with additional jet activity, including b\mathrm {b} b quark jets, in the dilepton decay channel using pp collisions at s=8 TeV\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {TeV} s = 8 TeV

Jet multiplicity distributions in top quark pair ( ${{\rm t}}{\rm {\overline{t}}}$ ) events are measured in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $\,\text {fb}^\text {-1}$ . The measurement is performed in the dilepton decay channels ( $\mathrm {e}^+\mathrm {e}^-$ , $\mathrm {\mu ^+}\mathrm {\mu ^-}$ , and $\mathrm {e}^{\pm }\mathrm {\mu }^{\mp }$ ). The absolute and normalized differential cross sections for $\mathrm {t}\overline{\mathrm {t}}$ production are measured as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event for different jet transverse momentum thresholds and the kinematic properties of the leading additional jets. The differential $\mathrm {\mathrm {t} \overline{\mathrm {t}} \mathrm {b}}$ and $\mathrm {\mathrm {t} \overline{\mathrm {t}} \mathrm {b} \overline{\mathrm {b}}}$ cross sections are presented for the first time as a function of the kinematic properties of the leading additional $\mathrm {b}$ jets. Furthermore, the fraction of events without additional jets above a threshold is measured as a function of the transverse momenta of the leading additional jets and the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all additional jets. The data are compared and found to be consistent with predictions from several perturbative quantum chromodynamics event generators and a next-to-leading order calculation

Numerical analysis of a locking-free mixed finite element method for a bending moment formulation of Reissner-Mindlin plate model

This article deals with the approximation of the bending of a clamped plate, modeled by Reissner-Mindlin equations. It is known that standard finite element methods applied to this model lead to wrong results when the thickness t is small. Here, we propose a mixed formulation based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle which is written in terms of the bending moments, the shear stress, the rotations and the transverse displacement. To prove that the resulting variational formulation is well posed, we use the Babu\u161ka-Brezzi theory with appropriate t -dependent norms. The problem is discretized by standard mixed finite elements without the need of any reduction operator. Error estimates are proved. These estimates have an optimal dependence on the mesh size h and a mild dependence on the plate thickness t. This allows us to conclude that the method is locking-free. The proposed method yields direct approximation of the bending moments and the shear stress. A local postprocessing leading to H1 -type approximations of transverse displacement and rotations is introduced. Moreover, we propose a hybridization procedure, which leads to solving a significantly smaller positive definite system. Finally, we report numerical experiments which allow us to assess the performance of the method

Adaptive selection of primal constraints for isogeometric BDDC deluxe preconditioners

Isogeometric analysis has been introduced as an alternative to finite element methods in order to simplify the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) software and the discretization of variational problems of continuum mechanics. In contrast with the finite element case, the basis functions of isogeometric analysis are often not nodal. As a consequence, there are fat interfaces which can easily lead to an increase in the number of interface variables after a decomposition of the parameter space into subdomains. Building on earlier work on the deluxe version of the BDDC (balancing domain decomposition by constraints) family of domain decomposition algorithms, several adaptive algorithms are developed in this paper for scalar elliptic problems in an effort to decrease the dimension of the global, coarse component of these preconditioners. Numerical experiments provide evidence that this work can be successful, yielding scalable and quasi-optimal adaptive BDDC algorithms for isogeometric discretizations