Tax aggressiveness and negotiations: A conceptual paper

Negotiation is a pervasive feature of relationships among auditor-clients, buyer-sellers, as well as being a part of tax audits.Various forms of negotiations occur between the taxpayer and the tax authorities but nothing is mentioned in the literatures on the processes and procedures of how both parties arrive at a settlement that is amicable to both parties.This study reviews the literature on how concession timing negotiation strategies adopted by the tax authorities and the tax practitioners’ aggressiveness impact negotiation outcomes

The moderating role of corporate governance on tax incentives and real investments

Tax incentives have extensively been employed to promote real investment in the manufacturing sector. This study unravels reservations about investment tax incentives and real investment’s positive relationship with corporate governance moderation over the study period of 2001 to 2015. It is further supported that although specific investment tax incentives of PS and RA exhibit a positive relationship with real investment, ITA displays a negative relationship with real investment, and the interactions of corporate governance have consistent negative relationships with real investment. This study recommends the recognition of the importance of corporate governance as an integral part of investment tax incentives and real investment establishment

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

The relationship between taxation and financial reporting, with special references to the case of Malaysia

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Sustainability Balanced Scorecard Architecture and Environmental Investment Decision-Making

This study is centered around a set of research questions that aim to explain how sustainability balanced scorecard architectures with sustainability parameters either embedded or treated as a separate perspective relate to environmental investment decision-making. The research also examines the mediating role of sustainability balanced scorecard knowledge and moderating role of strategic risk information. This article presents the results and answers to the research questions via conducting an experimental study approach using a two-factor factorial design. This is possibly the first study that determines, through an experimental procedure conducted with managers working in large manufacturing companies, whether any significant difference exists in environmental investment decision outcomes when decision-makers are presented with either an architecture where sustainability is embedded with the traditional four perspectives of balanced scorecards versus when it is presented as a separate fifth perspective. Furthermore, the development of an integrated model is possibly a significant contribution to the extant literature

Sharīʿah non-compliant income disclosures and the moral legitimacy strategies of Islamic banks

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand the reasons behind the different patterns of Sharīʿah non-compliant income (SNCI) disclosures amongst Islamic banks and, in particular, the extent to which Islamic banks make SNCI disclosures. The process involved in gaining and maintaining moral legitimacy forms the framework for this study. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were conducted with managers of Islamic banks involved in the reporting of SNCI in company annual reports. Findings – The interview findings show that Islamic banks prefer to use procedures to gain and enhance moral legitimacy amongst their customers, business partners and staff. The constraints and challenges that Islamic banks face in SNCI reporting make this a popular means of securing moral legitimacy. However, these practices may not lead to enhanced and more communicative SNCI disclosures by Islamic banks. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explains the motivations behind SNCI reporting by Islamic banks and frames these motivations under the moral legitimacy framewor

Impact of the Independent Directors' Social Network on Earnings Management Before and During the COVID-19 Period

This study examines the impact of the independent directors' social network on earnings management before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic increased uncertainty and pressure in the business environment, which led to intensified earnings management of listed companies worldwide. The research constructs centrality indexes of the independent director social network through the social network analysis method and conducts an empirical study on 1,167 A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2020. The relationship between independent directors' network centrality and accrual-based earnings management of companies is examined. Empirical results reveal that independent directors' network centrality is associated with higher accrued earnings management and undesirable corporate practices such as earnings management can be disseminated through directors' social networks. This research innovatively incorporates the research findings into the COVID-19 context, further indicating that independent directors' social network is associated with higher accrued earnings management during the COVID-19 period than before. This research will provide insights for regulators, specifically regulators in China, regarding the independent directors' composition and effectiveness

Impact of the Independent Directors' Social Network on Earnings Management Before and During the COVID-19 Period

This study examines the impact of the independent directors' social network on earnings management before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic increased uncertainty and pressure in the business environment, which led to intensified earnings management of listed companies worldwide. The research constructs centrality indexes of the independent director social network through the social network analysis method and conducts an empirical study on 1,167 A-share listed companies in China from 2009 to 2020. The relationship between independent directors' network centrality and accrual-based earnings management of companies is examined. Empirical results reveal that independent directors' network centrality is associated with higher accrued earnings management and undesirable corporate practices such as earnings management can be disseminated through directors' social networks. This research innovatively incorporates the research findings into the COVID-19 context, further indicating that independent directors' social network is associated with higher accrued earnings management during the COVID-19 period than before. This research will provide insights for regulators, specifically regulators in China, regarding the independent directors' composition and effectiveness