I Fórum Científico da Saúde Mental e Atenção Psicossocial do Ceará: Relato de experiência da construção e realização

Objective: To report on the activities carried out for the I Scientific Forum on Mental Health and Psychosocial Care of Ceará, conceived by the Ceará Health Department (SESA) and the Ceará School of Public Health (ESPCE), which took place on July 1, 2022 in Fortaleza. Experience report: This is an experience report that reflects the need to publicize the actions carried out within the scope of Primary Health Care (APS) and Health Care Networks (RAS) and the need to discuss the relevance of the theme in the context of mental health and psychosocial care as a public policy of the State in an event that integrated social participation, management and professional training. The presentation of 132 scientific scientific works and artistic productions was part of the forum, with part of the program being broadcast virtually. The relevance of the initiative was confirmed by the great adherence of health professionals, 700 virtual registrations and the participation of 200 people in the face-to-face event. It stands out as political, technical and scientific spaces for sharing and producing knowledge that can consolidate professional training, allowing the development of new skills and the construction of bonds for professional and human improvement. Conclusion: Finally, it is suggested that this event has a periodicity for its effectiveness as a way to strengthen the state policy on mental health, alcohol and other drugs.Objetivo: Informar sobre las actividades realizadas para la construcción y realización del I Foro Científico sobre Salud Mental y Atención Psicosocial de Ceará, concebido por la Secretaría de Salud de Ceará (SESA) y la Escuela de Salud Pública de Ceará (ESPCE), que ocurrió en 1 de julio de 2022 en Fortaleza.  Informe de experiencia: Este es un relato de experiencia que refleja la necesidad de dar a conocer las acciones realizadas en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y las Redes de Atención a la Salud (RAS) y la necesidad de discutir tema en el contexto de la salud mental y la atención psicosocial como política pública de Estado en un evento que integró participación social, gestión y formación profesional. La presentación de 132 trabajos científicos y producciones artísticas fue parte del foro, siendo parte del programa transmitido de manera virtual. La relevancia de la iniciativa fue confirmada por la gran adhesión de los profesionales de la salud, 700 inscripciones virtuales y la participación de 200 personas en el evento presencial. Se destaca como espacios políticos, técnicos y científicos para compartir y producir conocimientos que consoliden la formación profesional, permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades y la construcción de vínculos para la superación profesional y humana. Conclusión: Finalmente, se sugiere que este evento tenga una periodicidad para su efectividad como forma de fortalecer la política estatal en materia de salud mental, alcohol y otras drogas.Objetivo: Relatar às atividades realizadas para a construção e realização do I Fórum Científico de Saúde Mental e Atenção Psicossocial do Ceará, junto à Secretaria de Saúde do Ceará (SESA) e à Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará (ESPCE), ocorrido em 01 de julho de 2022 em Fortaleza. Relato da Experiência: Trata-se de um relato de experiência que reflete necessidade de divulgar as ações realizadas no âmbito da Atenção Primária e Saúde (APS) e Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) e da necessidade de discutir a pertinência da temática no âmbito da saúde mental e atenção psicossocial enquanto política pública do Estado em um evento que integrou participação social, gestão e formação profissional. Fez parte do fórum a apresentação de 132 trabalhos científicos e produções artísticas, havendo transmissão virtual de parte da programação. A relevância da iniciativa foi confirmada pela grande adesão dos profissionais da saúde, 700 inscrições virtuais e a participação de 200 pessoas no evento presencial. Ressalta-se como políticos, técnicos e científicos os espaços de partilha e produção de conhecimento que podem consolidar a formação profissional, permitindo o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e a construção de vínculos para o aprimoramento profissional e humano. Conclusão: Sugere-se por fim que tal evento tenha periodicidade para a sua efetivação enquanto caminho para o fortalecimento da política estadual de saúde mental, álcool e outras drogas

Implicações da dislexia no processo de ensino/aprendizagem / Implications of dyslexia in the teaching/learning process

A evasão escolar é uma questão latente na realidade da educação e muitos são os fatores que contribuem para isso. Objetiva-se fazer com que os educadores se apropriem do que é a dislexia e o que essa deficiência pode provocar durante o processo de ensino/aprendizagem. O artigo visa descrever essa dificuldade de aprendizagem que nem sempre é percebida a diferença em relação de causa e efeito entre a dislexia e o baixo rendimento dos alunos. Partiu-se da ideia de que o professor que atua com discentes com dificuldade de aprendizagem, precisa ter conhecimento acerca dos disléxicos, seus diagnósticos e prognósticos, para a concretização de um processo de ensino e aprendizagem eficiente. Pretende-se buscar estratégias que minimizem os efeitos da dislexia no processo ensino/aprendizagem. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico os seguintes autores: Alioto e Prado (2011); Capovilla (2004); Ciasca (2003); Davis (2004); Fernandes e Penha (2008); Figueredo (2009), dentre outros. A temática da dislexia é relevante para o campo da educação e educação especial/inclusiva, da psicologia e para a sociedade de modo geral, pois contribui para conscientização de que o aluno com dislexia não deve ser rotulado como um indivíduo incapaz de aprender, mas que possui dificuldade de aprendizagem, necessitando de adaptação às suas condições e limitações.  A pesquisa é bibliográfica. Espera-se que o artigo possa contribuir para o campo da educação especial/inclusiva no tocante à dislexia e sua relação com a comunidade escolar. 

Long-term treatment with chaethomellic acid A reduces glomerulosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis in a rat model of chronic kidney disease

The high prevalence of end-stage renal disease emphasizes the failure to provide therapies to effectively prevent and/or reverse renal fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with chaethomellic acid A (CAA), which selectively blocks Ha-Ras farnesylation, on renal mass reduction-induced renal fibrosis. Male Wistar rats were sham-operated (SO) or subjected to 5/6 renal mass reduction (RMR). One week after surgery, rats were placed in four experimental groups: SO:SO rats without treatment (n = 13); SO + CAA: SO rats treated with CAA (n = 13); RMR:RMR rats without treatment (n = 14); and RMR + CAA:RMR rats treated with CAA (n = 13). CAA was intraperitoneally administered in a dose of 0.23 μg/kg three times a week for six months. Renal fibrosis was evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasonography and histopathological analysis. The kidneys of the RMR animals treated with CAA showed a significantly decrease in the medullary echogenicity (p < 0.05) compared with the RMR rats that received no treatment. Glomerulosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the RMR + CAA group when compared with the RMR group. There were no significant differences in interstitial fibrosis, interstitial inflammation and tubular dilatation scores between the RMR + CAA and RMR groups. These data suggest that CAA can be a potential future drug to attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease.This work is supported by : European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013; and by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016728 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project PTDC/DTP-DES/6077/2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COVID-19, FAKE NEWS E VACINAÇÃO: OS DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA

The Covid-19 pandemic caused the disease to spread rapidly across all continents and spread various positive and negative information, which circulated or circulated on the internet, presenting different content. The objective of this study is to inform the population about the Fake News approach and the spread of misinformation and the challenges that public health faces. Studies were carried out from secondary sources, through bibliographic research in scientific databases, in the time window from 2021 to 2023, with the most recent and compatible articles prevailing. Eleven complete and published articles were found, related to vaccination against Covid-19, Fake News associated with the vaccination process and the influence on the population's adherence to immunizations in the context of public health. The Covid-19 pandemic, which was characterized by the acute respiratory syndrome popularly known as SARS-CoV-2, which resulted in several deaths due to lack of vaccination and also generated the infodemic and misinformation pandemic, where society began to discredit science and credibility it had.continentes e propagou diversas informações positivas e negativas, que circulam ou circularam na internet apresentando conteúdos diversos. O Objetivo deste estudo é informar a população sobre a abordagem de Fake News e a propagação da desinformação e os desafios que saúde pública enfrenta. Foram realizados estudos a partir de fontes secundárias, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica em bancos de dados científicos, na janela temporal de 2021 a 2023, prevalecendo os artigos mais recentes e compatível. Encontrou-se onze artigos completos e publicados, relacionados à vacinação contra a Covid-19, Fake News associadas ao processo vacinal e a influência na adesão da população aos imunizantes no contexto de saúde pública. A pandemia de Covid-19 que foi caracterizada pela síndrome respiratória aguda popularmente conhecida como SARS-CoV-2, que obtive diversas mortes por falta de vacinação e também gerou a pandemia da infodemia e desinformação, onde a sociedade começou a desacreditar nas ciências e na credibilidade que a mesma tinha

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODErn), to generate cause fractions and cause specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NC Ds) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72.5-74.1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 186% (17.9-19.6), and injuries 8.0% (7.7-8.2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22.7% (21.5-23.9), representing an additional 7.61 million (7. 20-8.01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7.9% (7.08.8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 222% (20.0-24.0) and the death rate by 31.8% (30.1-33.3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2.3% (0-5-4-0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13.7% (12.2-15.1) to 57.9 deaths (55.9-59.2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118.0% (88.8-148.6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36.4% (32.2-40.6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33.6% (31.2-36.1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respirator}, infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990 neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe